Therapists in Altadena, CA

Photo of Carole Goguen, Psychologist, PsyD
Carole Goguen
Psychologist, PsyD
9 Endorsed
Online Only
You've spent years wondering why everything feels harder for you than it seems to for everyone else. I know that feeling. And I know why. I specialize in therapy for women with ADHD, including those never diagnosed but who've always suspected their brain works differently. Many are high-achieving and exhausted, told they were "too sensitive" or "not living up to their potential" for years. They believed it. I did too, until my own late ADHD diagnosis changed everything. My work addresses ADHD, anxiety, and trauma together — because for most women, they don't arrive separately. Years of masking leave real marks. We work on all of it
You've spent years wondering why everything feels harder for you than it seems to for everyone else. I know that feeling. And I know why. I specialize in therapy for women with ADHD, including those never diagnosed but who've always suspected their brain works differently. Many are high-achieving and exhausted, told they were "too sensitive" or "not living up to their potential" for years. They believed it. I did too, until my own late ADHD diagnosis changed everything. My work addresses ADHD, anxiety, and trauma together — because for most women, they don't arrive separately. Years of masking leave real marks. We work on all of it
(626) 765-1846 View (626) 765-1846
Photo of Martha Kahane, Psychologist, PhD
Martha Kahane
Psychologist, PhD
3 Endorsed
Altadena, CA 91001
The therapeutic relationship is a powerful vehicle for transformation. Through developing a trusting relationship where all feelings are welcome, I teach people to trust themselves and thus live more satisfying and authentic lives. My primary theoretical approach is object relations. This implies that relationships imprinted in early life play out and can be reworked in therapy wherein the client can internalize healthier ways of interacting. I am privileged to engage in this deeply personal process with people motivated by their suffering to find more effective ways to relate to themselves and others.
The therapeutic relationship is a powerful vehicle for transformation. Through developing a trusting relationship where all feelings are welcome, I teach people to trust themselves and thus live more satisfying and authentic lives. My primary theoretical approach is object relations. This implies that relationships imprinted in early life play out and can be reworked in therapy wherein the client can internalize healthier ways of interacting. I am privileged to engage in this deeply personal process with people motivated by their suffering to find more effective ways to relate to themselves and others.
(707) 901-7978 View (707) 901-7978
Photo of Taiann Catherine Knetge, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Taiann Catherine Knetge
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Altadena, CA 91001
My name is Taiann Knetge, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker dedicated to providing affirming, inclusive, and anti-racist therapy for Black women and other Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC). My work is grounded in an anti-oppressive framework that acknowledges systemic injustice while centering your healing, empowerment, and self-defined wellness. I provide a supportive, affirming space where Black women can show up fully as themselves—without having to educate or code-switch. My practice is rooted in anti-racism, cultural humility, and a deep understanding of the unique challenges that Black women navigate.
My name is Taiann Knetge, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker dedicated to providing affirming, inclusive, and anti-racist therapy for Black women and other Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC). My work is grounded in an anti-oppressive framework that acknowledges systemic injustice while centering your healing, empowerment, and self-defined wellness. I provide a supportive, affirming space where Black women can show up fully as themselves—without having to educate or code-switch. My practice is rooted in anti-racism, cultural humility, and a deep understanding of the unique challenges that Black women navigate.
(626) 610-4453 View (626) 610-4453
Photo of Maha Nasrallah-Babenko, Psychologist, PhD
Maha Nasrallah-Babenko
Psychologist, PhD
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Many people experience challenges in their sexual and relationship life and might be feeling alone or ashamed. Maybe you are struggling with intercourse, desire, arousal, pleasure, pain, performance anxiety, or shame around sex. Or maybe you've been disconnected from your partner, feel stuck in your conflict patterns, or are going through transitions or difficulties in your relationship. Everyone deserves a healthy and fulfilling intimate life. No matter your age or relationship stage, you can create a more meaningful and fulfilling connection with yourself and your partner.
Many people experience challenges in their sexual and relationship life and might be feeling alone or ashamed. Maybe you are struggling with intercourse, desire, arousal, pleasure, pain, performance anxiety, or shame around sex. Or maybe you've been disconnected from your partner, feel stuck in your conflict patterns, or are going through transitions or difficulties in your relationship. Everyone deserves a healthy and fulfilling intimate life. No matter your age or relationship stage, you can create a more meaningful and fulfilling connection with yourself and your partner.
(323) 443-3324 View (323) 443-3324
Photo of Marie-Hélène Demers, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Marie-Hélène Demers
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I support individuals, couples, and families navigating the complexities of being human—especially when old patterns and unmet needs keep showing up, leaving you feeling stuck or disconnected. With curiosity and compassion, we’ll explore the experiences that shaped you, so you can cultivate greater connection, authenticity, and freedom in your life.
I support individuals, couples, and families navigating the complexities of being human—especially when old patterns and unmet needs keep showing up, leaving you feeling stuck or disconnected. With curiosity and compassion, we’ll explore the experiences that shaped you, so you can cultivate greater connection, authenticity, and freedom in your life.
(323) 673-3141 View (323) 673-3141
Photo of Daniel Pimentel, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Daniel Pimentel
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
I’m a therapist who works from a compassionate and integrative approach, recognizing that each person’s experiences, identities, and healing process are unique. I believe that meaningful change begins with feeling understood, not judged, and I strive to create a supportive and emotionally safe space where clients can show up as they are. In our work together, we may explore emotions, relationships, and recurring patterns that influence how you see yourself and connect with others. At the same time, I support clients in building practical tools and coping strategies to navigate life’s challenges more effectively.
I’m a therapist who works from a compassionate and integrative approach, recognizing that each person’s experiences, identities, and healing process are unique. I believe that meaningful change begins with feeling understood, not judged, and I strive to create a supportive and emotionally safe space where clients can show up as they are. In our work together, we may explore emotions, relationships, and recurring patterns that influence how you see yourself and connect with others. At the same time, I support clients in building practical tools and coping strategies to navigate life’s challenges more effectively.
(626) 323-8384 View (626) 323-8384
Photo of Astghik Zakevosyan, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Astghik Zakevosyan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Altadena, CA 91001
As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I specialize in trauma-informed care and attachment-based healing. I believe that our earliest relationships and experiences shape how we navigate the world, and my work centers on helping individuals and couples understand and heal from these deep-rooted patterns.
As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I specialize in trauma-informed care and attachment-based healing. I believe that our earliest relationships and experiences shape how we navigate the world, and my work centers on helping individuals and couples understand and heal from these deep-rooted patterns.
(818) 536-7810 View (818) 536-7810
Photo of Ben Russell, Psychologist, PsyD
Ben Russell
Psychologist, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Altadena, CA 91001
As a psychotherapist and consultant for autistic adults and their service teams, I support individuals on the autism spectrum, their families, and service providers. My practice focuses on fostering independence, enhancing communication, nurturing relationships, and promoting self-determination. I believe in everyone's inherent worth and potential, emphasizing empowerment, self-advocacy, and practical skills to improve quality of life. Whether you are an autistic adult, a family member seeking guidance, or a service provider aiming to better support your clients, I'm here to help.
As a psychotherapist and consultant for autistic adults and their service teams, I support individuals on the autism spectrum, their families, and service providers. My practice focuses on fostering independence, enhancing communication, nurturing relationships, and promoting self-determination. I believe in everyone's inherent worth and potential, emphasizing empowerment, self-advocacy, and practical skills to improve quality of life. Whether you are an autistic adult, a family member seeking guidance, or a service provider aiming to better support your clients, I'm here to help.
(323) 894-2807 View (323) 894-2807
Photo of Jen Argue, MA
Jen Argue
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Altadena, CA 91001
You scroll through your contacts and realize you haven't actually talked to most of them in months... maybe longer. The group chats from college have gone quiet. People moved, got busy, changed. And now you're alone on your couch every night. Even though you're in a city, an apartment, a job, and surrounded by people, somehow you're still completely alone. You want to meet someone, maybe even find your person, but after a full week of work you have nothing left. No energy to go out, no bandwidth to swipe, no idea how adults actually make real friends anymore. The loneliness is quieter than you expected. And heavier.
You scroll through your contacts and realize you haven't actually talked to most of them in months... maybe longer. The group chats from college have gone quiet. People moved, got busy, changed. And now you're alone on your couch every night. Even though you're in a city, an apartment, a job, and surrounded by people, somehow you're still completely alone. You want to meet someone, maybe even find your person, but after a full week of work you have nothing left. No energy to go out, no bandwidth to swipe, no idea how adults actually make real friends anymore. The loneliness is quieter than you expected. And heavier.
(323) 991-8344 View (323) 991-8344
Photo of Marlene Willis-Akins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LMFT
Marlene Willis-Akins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and Life Coach who specializes in personal growth and development, communication skills, trauma, anxiety, depression, ADHD and relationships. As a practitioner, I offer tele-therapy and coaching working with a broad spectrum of clients including children as young as zero to school aged. I also provide behavior intervention which would also include parenting classes.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and Life Coach who specializes in personal growth and development, communication skills, trauma, anxiety, depression, ADHD and relationships. As a practitioner, I offer tele-therapy and coaching working with a broad spectrum of clients including children as young as zero to school aged. I also provide behavior intervention which would also include parenting classes.
(626) 605-1725 View (626) 605-1725
Photo of Astghik Zakevosyan, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Astghik Zakevosyan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Altadena, CA 91001
A quote by Carl Roger's, "Who looks outside dreams; who looks inside awakes", is the blueprint for psychotherapy. Hello, my name is Astghik Zakevosyan and I am a Marriage and Family Therapist. Let's work together to help you achieve your goals by directly targeting the areas of need. Whatever the need, there is always a way to fill the gaps. I want to help you find the gaps and use your own strengths to fill those spaces.
A quote by Carl Roger's, "Who looks outside dreams; who looks inside awakes", is the blueprint for psychotherapy. Hello, my name is Astghik Zakevosyan and I am a Marriage and Family Therapist. Let's work together to help you achieve your goals by directly targeting the areas of need. Whatever the need, there is always a way to fill the gaps. I want to help you find the gaps and use your own strengths to fill those spaces.
(323) 849-2699 View (323) 849-2699
Photo of Lamar Whaley, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Lamar Whaley
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Hi my name is Lamar Whaley. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. As a therapist, my goal is to assist and empower clients to address the factors/stressors (e.g., personal, familial/social, spiritual, academic etc.) that you experience as well as introduce and assist you in applying different interventions that will empower you in managing your emotions and reducing the behaviors/symptoms that interfere/impair your daily life functioning. I specialize in treating clients who struggle with depression and anxiety. I have provided therapeutic services for clients of all ages and different ethnicities/cultural backgrounds.
Hi my name is Lamar Whaley. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. As a therapist, my goal is to assist and empower clients to address the factors/stressors (e.g., personal, familial/social, spiritual, academic etc.) that you experience as well as introduce and assist you in applying different interventions that will empower you in managing your emotions and reducing the behaviors/symptoms that interfere/impair your daily life functioning. I specialize in treating clients who struggle with depression and anxiety. I have provided therapeutic services for clients of all ages and different ethnicities/cultural backgrounds.
(661) 485-3392 View (661) 485-3392
Photo of Valerie A. H. Ferrer-Douglas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Valerie A. H. Ferrer-Douglas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Altadena, CA 91001
As a seasoned clinician, I am an empathetic and caring person, with a laid-back style, who utilizes several different evidenced-based interventions with her clients, based on their individual needs. I will incorporate spiritual practices, mindfulness, and the client’s strengths into their therapeutic process. Through a collaborate, non-judgmental strengths-based approach, I am able to guide the client towards positive change. Having worked with a diverse client population, I am culturally informed and sensitive to the complexities of the human experience. I look forward to being of service to the client.
As a seasoned clinician, I am an empathetic and caring person, with a laid-back style, who utilizes several different evidenced-based interventions with her clients, based on their individual needs. I will incorporate spiritual practices, mindfulness, and the client’s strengths into their therapeutic process. Through a collaborate, non-judgmental strengths-based approach, I am able to guide the client towards positive change. Having worked with a diverse client population, I am culturally informed and sensitive to the complexities of the human experience. I look forward to being of service to the client.
(626) 593-8458 View (626) 593-8458
Photo of Ana Ramos-Sanavio, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Ana Ramos-Sanavio
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
My name is Ana Ramos-Sanavio and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Los Angeles, California and work with clients statewide via telehealth. My approach varies based on the needs of each client or parent and child group I work with. The trauma work focuses on developing positive coping skills, awareness of self, and processing. I use mindfulness as a technique that supports self-knowledge and leads to acceptance and physiological well-being.
My name is Ana Ramos-Sanavio and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Los Angeles, California and work with clients statewide via telehealth. My approach varies based on the needs of each client or parent and child group I work with. The trauma work focuses on developing positive coping skills, awareness of self, and processing. I use mindfulness as a technique that supports self-knowledge and leads to acceptance and physiological well-being.
(747) 946-5202 View (747) 946-5202
Photo of Clarissa Castillo-Ramsey, PsyD
Clarissa Castillo-Ramsey
Verified Verified
Altadena, CA 91001
I help women in midlife living with spasmodic dysphonia who want support beyond medical treatment. Many of my clients receive Botox and are looking for help with the stress, anxiety, and confidence loss that often come with SD. Together we work on calming the nervous system, reducing voice-related fear, and staying engaged at work, in relationships, and in everyday conversations. This is practical, supportive coaching for women who want to keep living fully—without waiting for their voice to be “perfect.”
I help women in midlife living with spasmodic dysphonia who want support beyond medical treatment. Many of my clients receive Botox and are looking for help with the stress, anxiety, and confidence loss that often come with SD. Together we work on calming the nervous system, reducing voice-related fear, and staying engaged at work, in relationships, and in everyday conversations. This is practical, supportive coaching for women who want to keep living fully—without waiting for their voice to be “perfect.”
(818) 293-4545 View (818) 293-4545
Photo of Marlene Willis-Akins, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Marlene Willis-Akins
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Life can present challenges that feel overwhelming, but you don’t have to face them alone. Whether you’re navigating anxiety, depression, ADHD, or adjusting to a new chapter in life, I’m here to provide a safe and supportive space. Together, we’ll explore your experiences, work through obstacles, and identify the next steps that feel right for you.
Life can present challenges that feel overwhelming, but you don’t have to face them alone. Whether you’re navigating anxiety, depression, ADHD, or adjusting to a new chapter in life, I’m here to provide a safe and supportive space. Together, we’ll explore your experiences, work through obstacles, and identify the next steps that feel right for you.
(626) 828-6646 View (626) 828-6646
Photo of Dr. Cloda A. Jones, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PsyD, LCSW, LPCC, PPS, BICM
Dr. Cloda A. Jones
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PsyD, LCSW, LPCC, PPS, BICM
Altadena, CA 91001
Are you feeling stressed and unbalanced? More than ever, these times are uncertain. It is difficult to not feel anxious or concerned about the pandemic and current fires. In addition, there is work life, home life, and a myriad of other concerns. I specialize in couples/relationship therapy, helping define career goals, individual therapy, and bereavement counseling. I have over thirty years of solid counseling experience overall. I hold a Doctorate in Clinical Psychology, am a Credentialed School Psychologist, and have licenses as a Clinical School Worker and Clinical Professional Counselor. I am here to assist on your journey.
Are you feeling stressed and unbalanced? More than ever, these times are uncertain. It is difficult to not feel anxious or concerned about the pandemic and current fires. In addition, there is work life, home life, and a myriad of other concerns. I specialize in couples/relationship therapy, helping define career goals, individual therapy, and bereavement counseling. I have over thirty years of solid counseling experience overall. I hold a Doctorate in Clinical Psychology, am a Credentialed School Psychologist, and have licenses as a Clinical School Worker and Clinical Professional Counselor. I am here to assist on your journey.
(626) 605-6406 View (626) 605-6406
Photo of Arman Ter-Grigoryan - Invicta Recovery Center, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Invicta Recovery Center
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
2 Endorsed
Altadena, CA 91001
Hello! My name is Arman and I serve as the Founder and CEO of Invicta Recovery Center, a substance abuse and mental health treatment center in Altadena, California. At Invicta, we’re dedicated to guiding individuals toward healthier living, emotional stability, and personal safety. We employ innovative techniques, comprehensive education, active advocacy, and motivational support to help prevent substance abuse and promote meaningful transformation. By creating a compassionate and affirming environment, we empower clients to rediscover their resilience, reclaim hope, and embrace a fulfilling life beyond addiction. Call us today!
Hello! My name is Arman and I serve as the Founder and CEO of Invicta Recovery Center, a substance abuse and mental health treatment center in Altadena, California. At Invicta, we’re dedicated to guiding individuals toward healthier living, emotional stability, and personal safety. We employ innovative techniques, comprehensive education, active advocacy, and motivational support to help prevent substance abuse and promote meaningful transformation. By creating a compassionate and affirming environment, we empower clients to rediscover their resilience, reclaim hope, and embrace a fulfilling life beyond addiction. Call us today!
(626) 469-5456 View (626) 469-5456
Photo of Michelle Hammond-Susten, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Michelle Hammond-Susten
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, practicing since 2006. I offer telehealth office hours with clients in Georgia and California. I have a passion for helping people regain control over their lives after experiencing difficult events that have impacted how they see the world and themselves. My philosophy in therapy is that you are your own expert on your life and hold the key to making changes that you want. It is my role and privilege, as your therapist, to walk along side of you, providing support and assisting you with tools that you can carry with you on your journey.
I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, practicing since 2006. I offer telehealth office hours with clients in Georgia and California. I have a passion for helping people regain control over their lives after experiencing difficult events that have impacted how they see the world and themselves. My philosophy in therapy is that you are your own expert on your life and hold the key to making changes that you want. It is my role and privilege, as your therapist, to walk along side of you, providing support and assisting you with tools that you can carry with you on your journey.
(678) 831-3171 View (678) 831-3171
Photo of Jamie Julian, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jamie Julian
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
My name is Jamie Julian (she/her), I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), providing services across the state of California. I have a client-centered approach to meet the needs of my clients and center their well-being and emotional health. My approach to the therapeutic relationship involves creating spaces that center on healing and authentic identity. I utilize narrative-based approaches in addition to more traditional cognitive-based therapies to support clients in meeting their goals.
My name is Jamie Julian (she/her), I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), providing services across the state of California. I have a client-centered approach to meet the needs of my clients and center their well-being and emotional health. My approach to the therapeutic relationship involves creating spaces that center on healing and authentic identity. I utilize narrative-based approaches in addition to more traditional cognitive-based therapies to support clients in meeting their goals.
(747) 277-3316 View (747) 277-3316

See more therapy options for Altadena

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Altadena, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Altadena, CA who prioritize treating:

88% Anxiety
82% Depression
66% Self Esteem
65% Trauma and PTSD
58% Relationship Issues
57% Grief
54% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Aetna
76% Cigna and Evernorth
55% Optum

How Therapists in Altadena, CA see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Altadena?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.