Therapists in Bakersfield, CA

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Photo of Melissa A. Delis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Melissa A. Delis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93309
With over 20 years of clinical experience in counseling & psychotherapy , I will assist you in a collaborative and goal-oriented treatment experience. My goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. While we cannot change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life. By applying complementary therapy approaches and techniques, we will unearth long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
With over 20 years of clinical experience in counseling & psychotherapy , I will assist you in a collaborative and goal-oriented treatment experience. My goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. While we cannot change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life. By applying complementary therapy approaches and techniques, we will unearth long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
(661) 622-4821 View (661) 622-4821
Photo of Angeli Fernandez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Angeli Fernandez
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93309  (Online Only)
It takes a lot of courage to ask for help, and it is an honor to be trusted with your healing journey. I provide a compassionate and supportive therapeutic environment for my clients. Together, we will work on identifying what is no longer serving you, develop goals and a plan that work for you to make changes to reduce, and even eliminate, these feelings and behaviors causing pain and distress in your life today. My style is warm, open, engaging, occasionally humorous, and at all times respectful. My approach to counseling is caring, supportive, and genuine.
It takes a lot of courage to ask for help, and it is an honor to be trusted with your healing journey. I provide a compassionate and supportive therapeutic environment for my clients. Together, we will work on identifying what is no longer serving you, develop goals and a plan that work for you to make changes to reduce, and even eliminate, these feelings and behaviors causing pain and distress in your life today. My style is warm, open, engaging, occasionally humorous, and at all times respectful. My approach to counseling is caring, supportive, and genuine.
(661) 215-8242 View (661) 215-8242
Photo of Richard Roth, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Richard Roth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93313
Hello, my name is Richard Roth. I'm a licensed clinical social worker (29841). I offer counseling for issues of grief and loss, alcohol and substance/addiction treatment, as well as Motivational Interviewing for behavior change and wellness. I have experience and expertise counseling adults struggling with alcohol and drug problems, those experiencing grief and loss, or those wanting to increase motivation in making a change in their lives. I have years of experience working with veterans of the US military and am comfortable working with those who identify as LGBTQIA+.
Hello, my name is Richard Roth. I'm a licensed clinical social worker (29841). I offer counseling for issues of grief and loss, alcohol and substance/addiction treatment, as well as Motivational Interviewing for behavior change and wellness. I have experience and expertise counseling adults struggling with alcohol and drug problems, those experiencing grief and loss, or those wanting to increase motivation in making a change in their lives. I have years of experience working with veterans of the US military and am comfortable working with those who identify as LGBTQIA+.
(661) 451-7121 View (661) 451-7121
Photo of Elizabeth Phillips, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Elizabeth Phillips
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93307
Hello, I'm Elizabeth Phillips, LCSW, a compassionate and dedicated therapist committed to creating a supportive space for your personal growth and well-being. With expertise in working with both teens and the elderly, I bring a client-centered approach, drawing from various therapeutic modalities to tailor our sessions to your unique needs and goals. I look forward to collaborating with you on your journey towards positive change and resilience. I approach therapy with a client-centered and strengths-based perspective. I strive to create a safe and non-judgmental space where you can openly explore your thoughts and emotions.
Hello, I'm Elizabeth Phillips, LCSW, a compassionate and dedicated therapist committed to creating a supportive space for your personal growth and well-being. With expertise in working with both teens and the elderly, I bring a client-centered approach, drawing from various therapeutic modalities to tailor our sessions to your unique needs and goals. I look forward to collaborating with you on your journey towards positive change and resilience. I approach therapy with a client-centered and strengths-based perspective. I strive to create a safe and non-judgmental space where you can openly explore your thoughts and emotions.
(661) 768-1730 View (661) 768-1730
Photo of Artisa M Moten, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Artisa M Moten
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93301
“You don’t lose if you get knocked down, you lose if you stay down (Ali)” I understand that as we experience life we will inevitably encounter obstacles and stressors that challenge us to change. I also believe these moments present opportunities for transformation. Together, we can build an excellent foundation in achieving your needs, wants, and desires. Having over 10 years experience, Certified Trauma Specialist, Grief Specialist, and trainer for the workplace has allowed me to successfully work with various cultures, social economic backgrounds, and community organizations.
“You don’t lose if you get knocked down, you lose if you stay down (Ali)” I understand that as we experience life we will inevitably encounter obstacles and stressors that challenge us to change. I also believe these moments present opportunities for transformation. Together, we can build an excellent foundation in achieving your needs, wants, and desires. Having over 10 years experience, Certified Trauma Specialist, Grief Specialist, and trainer for the workplace has allowed me to successfully work with various cultures, social economic backgrounds, and community organizations.
(661) 426-8068 View (661) 426-8068
Photo of Carrie L. Campbell, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Carrie L. Campbell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93301
Hello! My name is Carrie Campbell. I am a Christian, Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist eager to help you reach your fullest potential. I am an inspirational speaker and have done annual conferences and workshops. I make evening and weekend appointments for your convenience. I will walk with you through your most difficult times and help you to conquer and overcome your greatest obstacles. You have the power inside of you. Allow me to help you release it and let it shine. Please call me. Working together we can heal your past and help you reach your goals.
Hello! My name is Carrie Campbell. I am a Christian, Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist eager to help you reach your fullest potential. I am an inspirational speaker and have done annual conferences and workshops. I make evening and weekend appointments for your convenience. I will walk with you through your most difficult times and help you to conquer and overcome your greatest obstacles. You have the power inside of you. Allow me to help you release it and let it shine. Please call me. Working together we can heal your past and help you reach your goals.
(661) 249-7068 View (661) 249-7068
Photo of Omar De La Cruz, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Omar De La Cruz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93306
Hi! My name is Omar de la Cruz, and I am a licensed marriage and family therapist. I have an extensive amount of experiencing working with individuals having difficulties with substance use and mental health. I have worked with children, youth, and adults experiencing difficulties in different areas, such as anxiety, depression, substance use, relationship difficulties, and trauma. My goal is to meet clients where they are at and through my expertise be able to work on the therapeutic goals that individuals have.
Hi! My name is Omar de la Cruz, and I am a licensed marriage and family therapist. I have an extensive amount of experiencing working with individuals having difficulties with substance use and mental health. I have worked with children, youth, and adults experiencing difficulties in different areas, such as anxiety, depression, substance use, relationship difficulties, and trauma. My goal is to meet clients where they are at and through my expertise be able to work on the therapeutic goals that individuals have.
(661) 370-2857 View (661) 370-2857
Photo of Lee Anne Adler, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Lee Anne Adler
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bakersfield, CA 93301
Relationships, communication, work, school, marriage, child-rearing, illness, and all stages of life can be very challenging at times. I am dedicated to providing a highly supportive atmosphere where solutions to these challenges can be explored and found with compassion and respect. I enjoy working with adults, couples, teens, and families to build stronger relationships and deeper self-understanding to make life's journey more enjoyable. I have many years of experience working with families as a registered nurse, and as a therapist, I have a deep understanding of how health related issues can impact individuals and families.
Relationships, communication, work, school, marriage, child-rearing, illness, and all stages of life can be very challenging at times. I am dedicated to providing a highly supportive atmosphere where solutions to these challenges can be explored and found with compassion and respect. I enjoy working with adults, couples, teens, and families to build stronger relationships and deeper self-understanding to make life's journey more enjoyable. I have many years of experience working with families as a registered nurse, and as a therapist, I have a deep understanding of how health related issues can impact individuals and families.
(661) 344-4028 View (661) 344-4028
Photo of Alan Pevar, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Alan Pevar
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93311  (Online Only)
Considering Alan... Extensive experience, spanning over 40 years, providing effective counseling and psychotherapy with a personal touch, tailored to your needs and strengths, in a safe, professional, respectful, and confidential setting. At this time, I am only providing online professional teletherapy, utilizing a recognized, confidential HIPAA platform for adult patients residing in Bakersfield, California, and surrounding areas. Please feel free to contact our office to discuss your confidential needs and current scheduling availability.
Considering Alan... Extensive experience, spanning over 40 years, providing effective counseling and psychotherapy with a personal touch, tailored to your needs and strengths, in a safe, professional, respectful, and confidential setting. At this time, I am only providing online professional teletherapy, utilizing a recognized, confidential HIPAA platform for adult patients residing in Bakersfield, California, and surrounding areas. Please feel free to contact our office to discuss your confidential needs and current scheduling availability.
(661) 524-9334 View (661) 524-9334
Photo of Ben Bizar-Stanton, Psychologist in Bakersfield, CA
Ben Bizar-Stanton
Psychologist, LCP
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93309
Hello! My name is Ben Bizar-Stanton and I appreciate you taking the time to read this. I’m a licensed Clinical Psychologist here to help you in whatever way I can. I’m a father of two, a dog lover, food lover, and like to spend my free time doing anything I can outside unless I’m watching basketball or soccer. My clinical experience has ranged from VAs to elementary schools, to the US Air Force, to university counseling centers, and even to prison. I’ve worked with individuals ages 5-94 and have found that my niche is with individuals ages 16-60.
Hello! My name is Ben Bizar-Stanton and I appreciate you taking the time to read this. I’m a licensed Clinical Psychologist here to help you in whatever way I can. I’m a father of two, a dog lover, food lover, and like to spend my free time doing anything I can outside unless I’m watching basketball or soccer. My clinical experience has ranged from VAs to elementary schools, to the US Air Force, to university counseling centers, and even to prison. I’ve worked with individuals ages 5-94 and have found that my niche is with individuals ages 16-60.
(661) 463-9791 View (661) 463-9791
Photo of STONE Mental Health Services, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
STONE Mental Health Services
Marriage & Family Therapist, Ed D, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Bakersfield, CA 93306
Clients' needs may vary but most share the same theme of wanting to work toward positive change. My experience with working with such a diverse client population and education in sport & performance psychology has provided me with an approach that I am confident can help almost anyone in need. Therapy has the potential to be a space where clients' can explore their concerns and issues with professional guidance with the focus to achieve their individual goals. Getting symptoms under control, exploring mental blockage, and so many more obstacles can be effectively addressed with the right support.
Clients' needs may vary but most share the same theme of wanting to work toward positive change. My experience with working with such a diverse client population and education in sport & performance psychology has provided me with an approach that I am confident can help almost anyone in need. Therapy has the potential to be a space where clients' can explore their concerns and issues with professional guidance with the focus to achieve their individual goals. Getting symptoms under control, exploring mental blockage, and so many more obstacles can be effectively addressed with the right support.
(661) 459-5209 View (661) 459-5209
Photo of Nicole Brown, Psychologist in Bakersfield, CA
Nicole Brown
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bakersfield, CA 93309
**Virtual sessions available** " Do you have a problem (or relationship) that you have spent countless hours thinking about, trying to solve, and maybe even seeking the advice of friends? Yet somehow you are still struggling to find a solution that works for you. Does your anxiety take over at the worst possible moment? Perhaps you wish life with your partner could be as fulfilling as it was when you first got together. Your current situation may leave you feeling stuck, but there is hope!
**Virtual sessions available** " Do you have a problem (or relationship) that you have spent countless hours thinking about, trying to solve, and maybe even seeking the advice of friends? Yet somehow you are still struggling to find a solution that works for you. Does your anxiety take over at the worst possible moment? Perhaps you wish life with your partner could be as fulfilling as it was when you first got together. Your current situation may leave you feeling stuck, but there is hope!
(424) 383-7258 View (424) 383-7258
Photo of Shelia Clark, Psychologist in Bakersfield, CA
Shelia Clark
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93301  (Online Only)
I have been active in mental health care for over 40 years, currently specializing in PTSD and other trauma issues. I developed a treatment protocol, called Personalized Embodied Rhythm Coupling (PERC), which is designed to meet your individual needs. “Embodied” means that treatment will help you feel “at home” and “safe” in your body, being in your body in the moment to feel all its emotional, sensory, and physical sensations. You will be connected to, and accept, all parts of your body. You will be able to self-soothe when feeling anxious or fearful.
I have been active in mental health care for over 40 years, currently specializing in PTSD and other trauma issues. I developed a treatment protocol, called Personalized Embodied Rhythm Coupling (PERC), which is designed to meet your individual needs. “Embodied” means that treatment will help you feel “at home” and “safe” in your body, being in your body in the moment to feel all its emotional, sensory, and physical sensations. You will be connected to, and accept, all parts of your body. You will be able to self-soothe when feeling anxious or fearful.
(661) 524-9393 View (661) 524-9393
Photo of Travis L Harleston, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Travis L Harleston
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bakersfield, CA 93309
Life's too short to have things continue like this. Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or depressed? Do you want healthier relationships with your loved ones or significant other? Have you experienced a loss of a job or loved one - survived a traumatic event? Call my office, together we can work to achieve your personal goals and true potential. Today you are one step closer to a new you, where you feel empowered and on a positive path to growth and well-being. My goal is to help you uncover your true potential, overcome barriers, and help you live the life you deserve!
Life's too short to have things continue like this. Are you feeling overwhelmed, anxious, or depressed? Do you want healthier relationships with your loved ones or significant other? Have you experienced a loss of a job or loved one - survived a traumatic event? Call my office, together we can work to achieve your personal goals and true potential. Today you are one step closer to a new you, where you feel empowered and on a positive path to growth and well-being. My goal is to help you uncover your true potential, overcome barriers, and help you live the life you deserve!
(661) 689-7968 View (661) 689-7968
Photo of Nancy Leon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Nancy Leon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93301  (Online Only)
For the last 14 years, I have been collaborating with people from diverse backgrounds and supporting their mental health and wellness. Life can be challenging for everyone, for some more than for others. If you are struggling with anxiety, depression, grief, relationship issues, parenting struggles, work/financial stress, loneliness, or low self-esteem, I am here for you.
For the last 14 years, I have been collaborating with people from diverse backgrounds and supporting their mental health and wellness. Life can be challenging for everyone, for some more than for others. If you are struggling with anxiety, depression, grief, relationship issues, parenting struggles, work/financial stress, loneliness, or low self-esteem, I am here for you.
(661) 689-6980 View (661) 689-6980
Photo of Melissa Spina-Brown, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Melissa Spina-Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93309
I’m so glad you found my page! Although difficult at times, therapy is a rewarding journey. I am a client centered, strength-based therapist. I want to collaborate with you within your own value system and worldview. Together we will highlight your strengths and resources.
I’m so glad you found my page! Although difficult at times, therapy is a rewarding journey. I am a client centered, strength-based therapist. I want to collaborate with you within your own value system and worldview. Together we will highlight your strengths and resources.
(661) 451-6124 View (661) 451-6124
Photo of Natalie Poulson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Natalie Poulson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Bakersfield, CA 93312
SESSIONS IN ENGLISH AND SPANISH, IN-PERSON AND ONLINE AVAILABILITY FOR THERAPY AND DIVORCE MEDIATION. Are your struggling with symptoms of depression, anxiety, or anger? Did you recently experience life changes and do not know how to cope? Are you or your children struggling after separation or divorce from your significant other?
SESSIONS IN ENGLISH AND SPANISH, IN-PERSON AND ONLINE AVAILABILITY FOR THERAPY AND DIVORCE MEDIATION. Are your struggling with symptoms of depression, anxiety, or anger? Did you recently experience life changes and do not know how to cope? Are you or your children struggling after separation or divorce from your significant other?
(661) 215-8926 View (661) 215-8926
Photo of Natalie Rhyne, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Natalie Rhyne
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93305
My name is Natalie Rhyne, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist 97859. I believe the therapeutic space should provide both containment and flexibility, and best serves its clients in a context of honoring the unique needs with which each individual presents. I work with children, adolescents, and adults - in individual, conjoint, and family settings. I support a range of conditions including mood disorders, trauma, and intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts.
My name is Natalie Rhyne, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist 97859. I believe the therapeutic space should provide both containment and flexibility, and best serves its clients in a context of honoring the unique needs with which each individual presents. I work with children, adolescents, and adults - in individual, conjoint, and family settings. I support a range of conditions including mood disorders, trauma, and intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts.
(661) 320-8976 View (661) 320-8976
Photo of CeCe Rubalcava, Pastoral Counselor in Bakersfield, CA
CeCe Rubalcava
Pastoral Counselor, ThD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bakersfield, CA 93309
If you are experiencing depression, anxiety, have problems in relationships, or just feel stuck, contact me. I take an integrated approach with my clients; I believe we are trichotomous beings -- mind, body, and spirit, so I work to integrate all three in my treatment plans. As a Christian counselor, I use the Bible as the basis for my therapy so you will get sound, Scripturally-rooted counseling together with scientifically proven psychological approaches that are in-line with what the Bible says.
If you are experiencing depression, anxiety, have problems in relationships, or just feel stuck, contact me. I take an integrated approach with my clients; I believe we are trichotomous beings -- mind, body, and spirit, so I work to integrate all three in my treatment plans. As a Christian counselor, I use the Bible as the basis for my therapy so you will get sound, Scripturally-rooted counseling together with scientifically proven psychological approaches that are in-line with what the Bible says.
(661) 443-5367 View (661) 443-5367
Photo of Ana Rivera, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Ana Rivera
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93313  (Online Only)
Life can get difficult and throw various obstacles our way. At times, we may need a nonjudgmental and understanding person to help us through obstacles. Things may become blurry through the lens of depression, anxiety, and/or trauma. Nevertheless, we are all capable of growth and deserving of a life with meaning, hope, and a sense of belonging.
Life can get difficult and throw various obstacles our way. At times, we may need a nonjudgmental and understanding person to help us through obstacles. Things may become blurry through the lens of depression, anxiety, and/or trauma. Nevertheless, we are all capable of growth and deserving of a life with meaning, hope, and a sense of belonging.
(661) 690-4990 View (661) 690-4990

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Bakersfield, CA

500+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Bakersfield, CA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
88% Depression
77% Coping Skills
72% Self Esteem
68% Stress
67% Relationship Issues
60% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% Aetna
83% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
82% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Bakersfield, CA see their clients

84% In Person and Online
16% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Bakersfield?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.