Therapists in Livermore, CA

Photo of Victoria Letica, Marriage & Family Therapist in Livermore, CA
Victoria Letica
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Livermore, CA 94551
Hello, my name is Vicki Letica, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist working out of the East Bay Area. If you are looking for support with anxiety, depression, grief, or going through a difficult phase of life, we may be a good fit. My belief is that looking inward and exploring parts of ourselves, especially the ones that we might want to hide or we feel shame about, is a worthwhile journey towards wholeness and better relationships with others and ourselves.  My work is informed by Narrative Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Internal Family Systems
Hello, my name is Vicki Letica, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist working out of the East Bay Area. If you are looking for support with anxiety, depression, grief, or going through a difficult phase of life, we may be a good fit. My belief is that looking inward and exploring parts of ourselves, especially the ones that we might want to hide or we feel shame about, is a worthwhile journey towards wholeness and better relationships with others and ourselves.  My work is informed by Narrative Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Internal Family Systems
(925) 208-0162 View (925) 208-0162
Photo of Kaitlin Geenen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Livermore, CA
Kaitlin Geenen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Livermore, CA 94550
I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, depression, eating disorders and substance misuse. Often people I work with feel isolated and stuck in their experience. Most of my clients want to change habits or ways of thinking that they have outgrown or would like to outgrow. I incorporate evidence-based treatments clients can use in and outside of therapy. The modalities I use include Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy for trauma, Harm Reduction and mindfulness practices.
I specialize in the treatment of anxiety, depression, eating disorders and substance misuse. Often people I work with feel isolated and stuck in their experience. Most of my clients want to change habits or ways of thinking that they have outgrown or would like to outgrow. I incorporate evidence-based treatments clients can use in and outside of therapy. The modalities I use include Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy for trauma, Harm Reduction and mindfulness practices.
(415) 767-1467 View (415) 767-1467
Photo of Deborah Osborn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Livermore, CA
Deborah Osborn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Livermore, CA 94550
Hello, I am Deb! My name is Deborah Osborn and thank you for reading my profile. It is difficult to convey my work in a few paragraphs. I have been counseling since 1998. I am an LCSW licensed in California. Much of my career has been working with adolescents and young adults, but I have worked with adults in the later stages of life, and I find it very satisfying. Anxiety and stress, trauma, stage of life transition, and relationships have been my focus.
Hello, I am Deb! My name is Deborah Osborn and thank you for reading my profile. It is difficult to convey my work in a few paragraphs. I have been counseling since 1998. I am an LCSW licensed in California. Much of my career has been working with adolescents and young adults, but I have worked with adults in the later stages of life, and I find it very satisfying. Anxiety and stress, trauma, stage of life transition, and relationships have been my focus.
(925) 267-6881 View (925) 267-6881
Photo of Jenny M Doying, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Livermore, CA
Jenny M Doying, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Livermore, CA 94550
Are you finding it difficult to make the changes you want on your own? Do you need insight and new tools to make your life more fulfilling? I am here to help you make those hopes for a better life a reality! Creating a safe place to explore new ideas and helping you develop new skills is what I do best. I use a collaborative approach, taking the time to understand your needs, working towards you living an authentic life. In a non-judgmental environment, with empathy and a sense of humor, I work with Couples, Adults and Teens promoting wellness and positive life change.
Are you finding it difficult to make the changes you want on your own? Do you need insight and new tools to make your life more fulfilling? I am here to help you make those hopes for a better life a reality! Creating a safe place to explore new ideas and helping you develop new skills is what I do best. I use a collaborative approach, taking the time to understand your needs, working towards you living an authentic life. In a non-judgmental environment, with empathy and a sense of humor, I work with Couples, Adults and Teens promoting wellness and positive life change.
(510) 662-1284 View (510) 662-1284
Photo of Miriam Munzarova, Counselor in Livermore, CA
Miriam Munzarova
Counselor, LMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Livermore, CA 94550
Being hurt is a part of life. None of us are free of pain. Sometimes, the troubles of life, the losses you have experienced, the pain and hurt other people have caused, your fears about the future, and your regrets about your past create a life of torment. By taking responsibility for your life, accepting, and allowing what happens to you rather than resisting the pain, you can move forward with your life. You are worthy to live your life with joy, love, clarity, and dignity. Let me be your friend and fellow traveler on your journey.
Being hurt is a part of life. None of us are free of pain. Sometimes, the troubles of life, the losses you have experienced, the pain and hurt other people have caused, your fears about the future, and your regrets about your past create a life of torment. By taking responsibility for your life, accepting, and allowing what happens to you rather than resisting the pain, you can move forward with your life. You are worthy to live your life with joy, love, clarity, and dignity. Let me be your friend and fellow traveler on your journey.
(925) 265-7906 View (925) 265-7906
Photo of Gregory D. Burns, Marriage & Family Therapist in Livermore, CA
Gregory D. Burns
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Livermore, CA 94551
I am passionate about: Couples Counseling (Emotionally Focused Therapy), Healing Shame (self-esteem, confidence, anger), Old Trauma (co-dependency, PTSD), Alcoholism Recovery (12 Steps, emotional sobriety), Grief/Loss, Christian and/or Spiritual Counseling, Aging and special needs children. My deepest conviction is the dignity of the human person and my best tools are compassion, mercy, forgiveness and grace.
I am passionate about: Couples Counseling (Emotionally Focused Therapy), Healing Shame (self-esteem, confidence, anger), Old Trauma (co-dependency, PTSD), Alcoholism Recovery (12 Steps, emotional sobriety), Grief/Loss, Christian and/or Spiritual Counseling, Aging and special needs children. My deepest conviction is the dignity of the human person and my best tools are compassion, mercy, forgiveness and grace.
(925) 968-4753 View (925) 968-4753
Photo of Susan Kelsey, LMFT, RPT-S, Marriage & Family Therapist in Livermore, CA
Susan Kelsey, LMFT, RPT-S
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, RPT-S
Verified Verified
Livermore, CA 94551  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Susan Kelsey is a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist and Registered Play Therapist Supervisor who specializes in treating children and families. Susan is not currently seeing children, however she is available for parenting coaching, peer consultations, play therapy supervision, play therapy workshops and trainings.
Susan Kelsey is a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist and Registered Play Therapist Supervisor who specializes in treating children and families. Susan is not currently seeing children, however she is available for parenting coaching, peer consultations, play therapy supervision, play therapy workshops and trainings.
(510) 405-5308 View (510) 405-5308
Photo of Kathryn Garcia, Associate Professional Clinical Counselor in Livermore, CA
Kathryn Garcia
Associate Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, APCC
Verified Verified
Livermore, CA 94550
Are you in a relationship where you do not feel heard by one another? Do you notice that you continually fight about the same things over and over? Do you feel more disconnected from your partner than ever? I work with couples at varying stages in their relationship to improve their connection, communication, repair after disagreements, and to ultimately breed more joy into their relationship. This may mean that your relationship needs assistance during a major life transition (living together, parenting, separation, healing from infidelity, family conflict, etc.).
Are you in a relationship where you do not feel heard by one another? Do you notice that you continually fight about the same things over and over? Do you feel more disconnected from your partner than ever? I work with couples at varying stages in their relationship to improve their connection, communication, repair after disagreements, and to ultimately breed more joy into their relationship. This may mean that your relationship needs assistance during a major life transition (living together, parenting, separation, healing from infidelity, family conflict, etc.).
(925) 396-7402 View (925) 396-7402
Photo of Lisa Bachmann, Marriage & Family Therapist in Livermore, CA
Lisa Bachmann
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Livermore, CA 94550  (Online Only)
Have you been struggling to do things differently, but always seem to find yourself back in the place you started? Feeling like you are constantly swimming upstream? This is a frustrating pattern which can leave you feeling like there is no hope. The good news is, you haven't given up! You are in the right place; I'm here to help. Everyone comes to therapy for their own reasons and to work on their unique "stuff." My goal is to meet you where you are and join you in exploring patterns in your life that aren't working for you. Together we can work to make positive changes that will lead to lasting change.
Have you been struggling to do things differently, but always seem to find yourself back in the place you started? Feeling like you are constantly swimming upstream? This is a frustrating pattern which can leave you feeling like there is no hope. The good news is, you haven't given up! You are in the right place; I'm here to help. Everyone comes to therapy for their own reasons and to work on their unique "stuff." My goal is to meet you where you are and join you in exploring patterns in your life that aren't working for you. Together we can work to make positive changes that will lead to lasting change.
(510) 306-7461 View (510) 306-7461
Photo of Amy Kitajima, Marriage & Family Therapist in Livermore, CA
Amy Kitajima
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Livermore, CA 94550
Does it ever feel like you can talk and talk but it doesn’t lead to lasting change? While some types of therapy focus on gaining insight by analyzing the endless stories that run through your head, a growing body of research shows that effective therapy needs to include the mind and the body.
Does it ever feel like you can talk and talk but it doesn’t lead to lasting change? While some types of therapy focus on gaining insight by analyzing the endless stories that run through your head, a growing body of research shows that effective therapy needs to include the mind and the body.
(925) 208-0447 View (925) 208-0447
Photo of Rachel Polack, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Livermore, CA
Rachel Polack
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Livermore, CA 94550
I am Rachel and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I graduated with my Master's Degree in Social Work from the University of Michigan focusing on Mental Health and a specialty in School Social Work. My undergraduate studies also took place at The University of Michigan where I earned a Bachelor of Science Degree in Psychology. I have experience working with children, teenagers, young adults, adults and couples. I specialize in grief, depression, anxiety, trauma, coping strategies and daily life difficulties.
I am Rachel and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I graduated with my Master's Degree in Social Work from the University of Michigan focusing on Mental Health and a specialty in School Social Work. My undergraduate studies also took place at The University of Michigan where I earned a Bachelor of Science Degree in Psychology. I have experience working with children, teenagers, young adults, adults and couples. I specialize in grief, depression, anxiety, trauma, coping strategies and daily life difficulties.
(209) 661-7291 View (209) 661-7291
Photo of Cassie Renz, Marriage & Family Therapist in Livermore, CA
Cassie Renz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Livermore, CA 94550  (Online Only)
This relationship has you twisted in knots. You’ve been contorting yourself for this other person for so long that you’re barely recognizable. You’ve tried ending things before, but somehow you always wind up back together again – stuck in the same toxic cycle. Constantly walking on eggshells, riddled with anxiety, second-guessing every move for fear that the slightest misstep will lead to another round of berating. You try so hard, bending over backwards to please this person, but nothing you do ever seems good enough. It’s all too much. You can’t sleep, you can’t eat. You feel so trapped and hopeless. It can’t go on like this.
This relationship has you twisted in knots. You’ve been contorting yourself for this other person for so long that you’re barely recognizable. You’ve tried ending things before, but somehow you always wind up back together again – stuck in the same toxic cycle. Constantly walking on eggshells, riddled with anxiety, second-guessing every move for fear that the slightest misstep will lead to another round of berating. You try so hard, bending over backwards to please this person, but nothing you do ever seems good enough. It’s all too much. You can’t sleep, you can’t eat. You feel so trapped and hopeless. It can’t go on like this.
(925) 315-9404 View (925) 315-9404
Photo of Jenny Ochoa, Marriage & Family Therapist in Livermore, CA
Jenny Ochoa
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Livermore, CA 94551  (Online Only)
The road map of life can be bumpy at times with unexpected twists and turns. And over time we can lose our passion, our purpose, or our spark. It can be challenging, confusing, and not the way we imagined. Sometimes "we repeat what we do not repair” where unhealthy relationship patterns are repeated and passed down to us. We might unconsciously repeat these patterns until we finally face the underlying narrative or trauma. Or sometimes it’s a stressful circumstance that caused an unfamiliar reaction. But we do not need to stay in this repeated pattern that’s not working. A new way of thinking and living is possible.
The road map of life can be bumpy at times with unexpected twists and turns. And over time we can lose our passion, our purpose, or our spark. It can be challenging, confusing, and not the way we imagined. Sometimes "we repeat what we do not repair” where unhealthy relationship patterns are repeated and passed down to us. We might unconsciously repeat these patterns until we finally face the underlying narrative or trauma. Or sometimes it’s a stressful circumstance that caused an unfamiliar reaction. But we do not need to stay in this repeated pattern that’s not working. A new way of thinking and living is possible.
(530) 298-0398 View (530) 298-0398
Photo of Matthew Ortega, Marriage & Family Therapist in Livermore, CA
Matthew Ortega
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Livermore, CA 94551
Hi, I am a Marriage & Family Therapist licensed in California with over 11 years of experience working as a mental health counselor, therapist, mentor to at-risk youth, and life coach. I have worked with clients (ages 4-70+) with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, personality disorders, relationship issues, career challenges, OCD, and ADHD. I also helped many people who have experienced anger control issues and eating disorders.
Hi, I am a Marriage & Family Therapist licensed in California with over 11 years of experience working as a mental health counselor, therapist, mentor to at-risk youth, and life coach. I have worked with clients (ages 4-70+) with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, personality disorders, relationship issues, career challenges, OCD, and ADHD. I also helped many people who have experienced anger control issues and eating disorders.
(925) 633-6197 View (925) 633-6197
Photo of Arianna Escobar, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Livermore, CA
Arianna Escobar
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Livermore, CA 94550
Hello, my name is Arianna Escobar I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC). I provide plenty of space for clients to share their stories and process through current and past problems that are affecting them. I work with young adults and specialize in eating disorders, anxiety, and depression.
Hello, my name is Arianna Escobar I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC). I provide plenty of space for clients to share their stories and process through current and past problems that are affecting them. I work with young adults and specialize in eating disorders, anxiety, and depression.
(925) 371-9918 View (925) 371-9918
Photo of Gail St James, Marriage & Family Therapist in Livermore, CA
Gail St James
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Livermore, CA 94550
Gail St.James, LMFT, is California's licensed marriage and family therapist. As a Humanistic Therapist, I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as the foundation of my practice, as well as Motivational Interviewing, allowing the client to take the lead in their own well-being. Although client history and traumatic events are important, I focus on the present, and moving forward in life, a positive approach to avoid centering on the past.
Gail St.James, LMFT, is California's licensed marriage and family therapist. As a Humanistic Therapist, I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as the foundation of my practice, as well as Motivational Interviewing, allowing the client to take the lead in their own well-being. Although client history and traumatic events are important, I focus on the present, and moving forward in life, a positive approach to avoid centering on the past.
(925) 966-3974 View (925) 966-3974
Photo of Teri Sorkin, Marriage & Family Therapist in Livermore, CA
Teri Sorkin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Livermore, CA 94550
I offer a safe, non-judgmental, compassionate & supportive environment so that you can create the change you are seeking. I can help you improve relationships, gain new ways of coping, decrease anxiety & depression, and increase self-worth. I use humor when needed & deep understanding for the path that you are on. I believe a strong therapeutic relationship is important in order to grow in therapy. I have experience working with depression, anxiety, grief, life transitions, relationship issues, self-wellness, children of divorce & various teen concerns. By offering questions, observations & insights I can help guide you in managing life's challenges & making changes in your life.
I offer a safe, non-judgmental, compassionate & supportive environment so that you can create the change you are seeking. I can help you improve relationships, gain new ways of coping, decrease anxiety & depression, and increase self-worth. I use humor when needed & deep understanding for the path that you are on. I believe a strong therapeutic relationship is important in order to grow in therapy. I have experience working with depression, anxiety, grief, life transitions, relationship issues, self-wellness, children of divorce & various teen concerns. By offering questions, observations & insights I can help guide you in managing life's challenges & making changes in your life.
(925) 337-4810 View (925) 337-4810
Photo of Elena De Salvo, Marriage & Family Therapist in Livermore, CA
Elena De Salvo
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Livermore, CA 94551
Hi! I'm here to help you have the life you want, as sometimes life becomes challenging, and adjusting to life changes isn't always easy. I am glad that you prioritize your needs by coming here for help. I am Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I began therapy practice during my MA Program at JFKU in CA. For over 8 years, I've worked in various settings, including not-for-profit mental health agencies and private practice. I believe that treatment is a collaborative approach.
Hi! I'm here to help you have the life you want, as sometimes life becomes challenging, and adjusting to life changes isn't always easy. I am glad that you prioritize your needs by coming here for help. I am Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I began therapy practice during my MA Program at JFKU in CA. For over 8 years, I've worked in various settings, including not-for-profit mental health agencies and private practice. I believe that treatment is a collaborative approach.
(925) 397-4804 View (925) 397-4804
Photo of Jessica Krauth, Counselor in Livermore, CA
Jessica Krauth
Counselor, MEd, EdS, LPCC
Verified Verified
Livermore, CA 94550
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or unmotivated? Life can be challenging and navigating those stuck feelings can seem impossible. I aim to provide a compassionate, honest, and non-judgmental space to help navigate these roadblocks and grow through them. I work with adolescents, teens and adults with concerns such as anxiety, depression, ADHD, PTSD, life transitions, self-exploration and more. I love a "tough case" and look forward to helping to ease your burden and provide you with support to get through the hard times. Feel free to reach out for a free consultation to see if I am a good fit for you!
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or unmotivated? Life can be challenging and navigating those stuck feelings can seem impossible. I aim to provide a compassionate, honest, and non-judgmental space to help navigate these roadblocks and grow through them. I work with adolescents, teens and adults with concerns such as anxiety, depression, ADHD, PTSD, life transitions, self-exploration and more. I love a "tough case" and look forward to helping to ease your burden and provide you with support to get through the hard times. Feel free to reach out for a free consultation to see if I am a good fit for you!
(925) 267-6350 View (925) 267-6350
Photo of Tri-Valley Counseling Center, Marriage & Family Therapist in Livermore, CA
Tri-Valley Counseling Center
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Livermore, CA 94551
Our mission is to provide health, healing, hope and wholeness to those hurting in and around our community. Our goal is to foster awareness, insight and change that can help a person move from surviving life to thriving in life. We see individuals, couples, families, adolescents and children. Mandarin and Spanish-speaking therapists are available at this time as well.
Our mission is to provide health, healing, hope and wholeness to those hurting in and around our community. Our goal is to foster awareness, insight and change that can help a person move from surviving life to thriving in life. We see individuals, couples, families, adolescents and children. Mandarin and Spanish-speaking therapists are available at this time as well.
(925) 886-3766 View (925) 886-3766

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Livermore, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$162

Therapists in Livermore, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
71% Coping Skills
66% Grief
64% Stress

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Aetna
74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
73% Anthem | Elevance

How Therapists in Livermore, CA see their clients

84% In Person and Online
16% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Livermore?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.