Therapists in Oakland, CA

View neighborhoods in Oakland
Photo of Lori Mothersell, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Lori Mothersell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610
I work with individuals, couples, and families to guide them to achieve more satisfying, meaningful relationships and social adjustment. I believe therapy is a collaborative, creative process to unveil hidden strengths and courage to motivate change and create new experiences in your life. Creating a therapeutic relationship that feels safe and trusting enough to take personal and emotional risks is important. Through an eclectic approach best suited for my client, I have had success treating a wide range of issues including: anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, past trauma, and grief/loss.
I work with individuals, couples, and families to guide them to achieve more satisfying, meaningful relationships and social adjustment. I believe therapy is a collaborative, creative process to unveil hidden strengths and courage to motivate change and create new experiences in your life. Creating a therapeutic relationship that feels safe and trusting enough to take personal and emotional risks is important. Through an eclectic approach best suited for my client, I have had success treating a wide range of issues including: anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, past trauma, and grief/loss.
(415) 689-9058 View (415) 689-9058
Photo of Andrea Henderson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Andrea Henderson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94607
I am an LCSW with experience working with adolescents, families, people struggling with significant mental health difficulties, loss and grief
I am an LCSW with experience working with adolescents, families, people struggling with significant mental health difficulties, loss and grief
(415) 223-8370 View (415) 223-8370
Photo of Anglyn Sasser, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Anglyn Sasser
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
I believe that mental health is an important part of overall good health. Often we feel too busy and rushed to pay attention to taking care of ourselves, including paying attention to our mental and emotional needs. I am a clinical psychologist with 20+ years of professional experience working with individuals, couples and groups. I enjoy working with people to explore healthier ways to address issues and problems in their lives. I've found that therapy is most effective when there is a safe environment and a strong working relationship between myself and my clients.
I believe that mental health is an important part of overall good health. Often we feel too busy and rushed to pay attention to taking care of ourselves, including paying attention to our mental and emotional needs. I am a clinical psychologist with 20+ years of professional experience working with individuals, couples and groups. I enjoy working with people to explore healthier ways to address issues and problems in their lives. I've found that therapy is most effective when there is a safe environment and a strong working relationship between myself and my clients.
(510) 463-1324 View (510) 463-1324
Photo of Zena Andreani, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Zena Andreani
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94609  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am a trauma focused therapist providing individual, couples and family therapy in California. My goal as a therapist is to help you understand your own history; your experiences in suffering, joy, grief, and more, so that you can openly see the person you are today and explore the person you might like to become.
I am a trauma focused therapist providing individual, couples and family therapy in California. My goal as a therapist is to help you understand your own history; your experiences in suffering, joy, grief, and more, so that you can openly see the person you are today and explore the person you might like to become.
(415) 942-0282 View (415) 942-0282
Photo of Aden Neumeister, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Aden Neumeister
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94619
You may be here because you have tried many methods of healing but find that there are places that you have not yet been able to reach. Perhaps these are places of complex grief, trauma or gender and sexuality. You may have tried psychedelics or other consciousness expanding methods and want help integrating your experiences, or are looking to try Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy (KAP) to help with your healing. All of these things are my specialties and passions.
You may be here because you have tried many methods of healing but find that there are places that you have not yet been able to reach. Perhaps these are places of complex grief, trauma or gender and sexuality. You may have tried psychedelics or other consciousness expanding methods and want help integrating your experiences, or are looking to try Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy (KAP) to help with your healing. All of these things are my specialties and passions.
(510) 240-5968 View (510) 240-5968
Photo of Gregory W Dy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Gregory W Dy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
Are you feeling stuck, unhappy, or frustrated in your relationship? Do you want to improve your communication, intimacy, and trust with your partner? Or are you struggling with personal issues such as anxiety, depression, or low self-esteem? If you answered yes to any of these questions, you are not alone. Many people face challenges in their lives that affect their well-being and happiness. That is why I am here to hold space and unravel these challenges you may face. Whether you are looking for couples therapy, individual therapy, or both, I am ready to work with you and help you create positive changes in your life.
Are you feeling stuck, unhappy, or frustrated in your relationship? Do you want to improve your communication, intimacy, and trust with your partner? Or are you struggling with personal issues such as anxiety, depression, or low self-esteem? If you answered yes to any of these questions, you are not alone. Many people face challenges in their lives that affect their well-being and happiness. That is why I am here to hold space and unravel these challenges you may face. Whether you are looking for couples therapy, individual therapy, or both, I am ready to work with you and help you create positive changes in your life.
(510) 824-8472 View (510) 824-8472
Photo of EMDR Psychotherapy and Geriatric Mental Health , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
EMDR Psychotherapy and Geriatric Mental Health
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
Are you bothered by an upsetting event (s) that you cannot get out of your mind? Do you know something is holding you back, perhaps from your past, but you can't seem to shake it? Have you tried traditional talk therapy, but your past still has a grip on you? Exciting breakthroughs have been advanced in our understanding of how our brains mange memories. The latest research shows that non-traditional therapies like EMDR, can more quickly & deeply help us heal and recover from traumatic events and live more satisfying lives.
Are you bothered by an upsetting event (s) that you cannot get out of your mind? Do you know something is holding you back, perhaps from your past, but you can't seem to shake it? Have you tried traditional talk therapy, but your past still has a grip on you? Exciting breakthroughs have been advanced in our understanding of how our brains mange memories. The latest research shows that non-traditional therapies like EMDR, can more quickly & deeply help us heal and recover from traumatic events and live more satisfying lives.
(510) 545-9572 View (510) 545-9572
Photo of Ari Daphne Vinion, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Oakland, CA
Ari Daphne Vinion
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94608  (Online Only)
I want to support my clients in feeling whole. This can mean learning how to safely unmask your Autism or ADHD, healing traumas old & new, setting healthy boundaries, strengthening communication with partners, learning new ways to approach challenges without shame, or bringing compassion to chronically ill bodyminds. I specialize in working with neurodivergant people and couples. My young clients enjoy my playful interventions that help them feel confident and proud of being uniquely themselves. My adult clients are relived to tackle challenges without shame and ableism.
I want to support my clients in feeling whole. This can mean learning how to safely unmask your Autism or ADHD, healing traumas old & new, setting healthy boundaries, strengthening communication with partners, learning new ways to approach challenges without shame, or bringing compassion to chronically ill bodyminds. I specialize in working with neurodivergant people and couples. My young clients enjoy my playful interventions that help them feel confident and proud of being uniquely themselves. My adult clients are relived to tackle challenges without shame and ableism.
(510) 916-2134 View (510) 916-2134
Photo of Rebecca Medrano, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Rebecca Medrano
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
I welcome children, teens, and adults to my practice. The decision to enter therapy often comes when we’re feeling stuck and unable to move forward in one way or another. I offer a safe and non judgmental space to work through the deeper dynamics that may be holding you back from living more freely. I work from a depth oriented and relational approach. This type of therapy not only addresses immediate issues, but strives to foster long term growth. This process often leads to new levels of creativity, self understanding, and resilience.
I welcome children, teens, and adults to my practice. The decision to enter therapy often comes when we’re feeling stuck and unable to move forward in one way or another. I offer a safe and non judgmental space to work through the deeper dynamics that may be holding you back from living more freely. I work from a depth oriented and relational approach. This type of therapy not only addresses immediate issues, but strives to foster long term growth. This process often leads to new levels of creativity, self understanding, and resilience.
(510) 491-0643 View (510) 491-0643
Photo of Stacey Ann Spilly, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Stacey Ann Spilly
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610
I believe healing is a multifaceted process that requires a holistic and collaborative approach. I help individuals and couples overcome challenges like anxiety, depression, relationship stress, trauma, grief and loss, or life transitions. I will listen and engage with you authentically to help build a safe and trusting alliance. I use a trauma-informed and client-centered approach to better understand your unique situation and personal goals. I believe we are mind, body, and spirit and my aim is to treat the whole person so that we can live in balance with ourselves, our environment, and feel a sense of integration.
I believe healing is a multifaceted process that requires a holistic and collaborative approach. I help individuals and couples overcome challenges like anxiety, depression, relationship stress, trauma, grief and loss, or life transitions. I will listen and engage with you authentically to help build a safe and trusting alliance. I use a trauma-informed and client-centered approach to better understand your unique situation and personal goals. I believe we are mind, body, and spirit and my aim is to treat the whole person so that we can live in balance with ourselves, our environment, and feel a sense of integration.
(510) 529-3770 View (510) 529-3770
Photo of Eric J Young, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Eric J Young
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
It is easy to feel stuck, confused, or overwhelmed, when dealing with the many challenges that life throws at you. Often there is not a quick and easy solution when dealing with life's more complex challenges, however having a supportive ally throughout the twists and turns can make all the difference. I am committed to supporting people who have experienced oppression, trauma, or other difficult experiences. Figuring out how to live one's life with a sense of meaning, satisfaction, and authenticity can be difficult, and I am here to support you on that journey.
It is easy to feel stuck, confused, or overwhelmed, when dealing with the many challenges that life throws at you. Often there is not a quick and easy solution when dealing with life's more complex challenges, however having a supportive ally throughout the twists and turns can make all the difference. I am committed to supporting people who have experienced oppression, trauma, or other difficult experiences. Figuring out how to live one's life with a sense of meaning, satisfaction, and authenticity can be difficult, and I am here to support you on that journey.
(628) 203-0512 View (628) 203-0512
Photo of Mark Abelson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Mark Abelson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610
Whether it's managing a short-term challenge or dealing with a chronic struggle, fear, worry, and feelings of shame can hold an outsized presence in our lives. I work with clients who experience overwhelming anxiety, anger, and depression to build more resilient, rewarding, and value-driven lives. My areas of practice include preteens and high school students, individuals with Borderline Personality and Bipolar Disorder, people on the autism spectrum, and mood disorders that impact anxiety, depression, and sleep.
Whether it's managing a short-term challenge or dealing with a chronic struggle, fear, worry, and feelings of shame can hold an outsized presence in our lives. I work with clients who experience overwhelming anxiety, anger, and depression to build more resilient, rewarding, and value-driven lives. My areas of practice include preteens and high school students, individuals with Borderline Personality and Bipolar Disorder, people on the autism spectrum, and mood disorders that impact anxiety, depression, and sleep.
(510) 779-9902 View (510) 779-9902
Photo of Dr. Lisa M Johnson, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Dr. Lisa M Johnson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94609  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
There are things that happened to us in the past that shape us in a negative way today. I am here for those who are ready to take the bold and courageous step to heal from the emotional pain and distress from the past in order to help you live a more fulfilling life in the present. Today's stressors can cause distress that impact the quality of our lives and I am here to provide a way to heal and manage those feelings. My practice is focused on helping others break free of traumas, depression, anxiety, racial stress, and anything else that is prohibiting you from living the life you want.
There are things that happened to us in the past that shape us in a negative way today. I am here for those who are ready to take the bold and courageous step to heal from the emotional pain and distress from the past in order to help you live a more fulfilling life in the present. Today's stressors can cause distress that impact the quality of our lives and I am here to provide a way to heal and manage those feelings. My practice is focused on helping others break free of traumas, depression, anxiety, racial stress, and anything else that is prohibiting you from living the life you want.
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Photo of Will Hall in Oakland, CA
Will Hall
MA, DiplPW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610
My work as a therapist is to help individuals, couples, and families access new resources behind emotional struggles and life problems. I am trained in Jungian and Open Dialogue approaches and am a lifelong learner of the work of R.D. Laing. I am recognized internationally for my advocacy and training work in the psychiatric survivors movement and as a leader for new social responses to what gets called madness and psychosis. I see suffering, including what gets called psychosis, from outside the narrow mechanistic science, diagnostic label, and medication views.
My work as a therapist is to help individuals, couples, and families access new resources behind emotional struggles and life problems. I am trained in Jungian and Open Dialogue approaches and am a lifelong learner of the work of R.D. Laing. I am recognized internationally for my advocacy and training work in the psychiatric survivors movement and as a leader for new social responses to what gets called madness and psychosis. I see suffering, including what gets called psychosis, from outside the narrow mechanistic science, diagnostic label, and medication views.
(510) 990-9767 View (510) 990-9767
Photo of Clare Trimbur, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Clare Trimbur
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
Not accepting new clients
Starting therapy can feel both exciting and a little scary--it's really important that you find the right fit for you, your teen, your child, or your family. Whether you're struggling with parenting, relationships, depression, anxiety, or family stress, psychotherapy can bring renewed hope and present unexpected solutions. Psychotherapy can also reduce feelings of depression and anxiety so that you can begin to reinvest in all that makes life meaningful again. Through a trusting therapeutic relationship, you may learn a great deal about yourself, allowing you to make changes in your life.
Starting therapy can feel both exciting and a little scary--it's really important that you find the right fit for you, your teen, your child, or your family. Whether you're struggling with parenting, relationships, depression, anxiety, or family stress, psychotherapy can bring renewed hope and present unexpected solutions. Psychotherapy can also reduce feelings of depression and anxiety so that you can begin to reinvest in all that makes life meaningful again. Through a trusting therapeutic relationship, you may learn a great deal about yourself, allowing you to make changes in your life.
(510) 771-8011 View (510) 771-8011
Photo of Talia Chanoff, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Talia Chanoff
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94602
I am here to be present with you as you explore and process how the vast injustices in the world may be affecting your internal states. Together we can examine the question: Is there something “wrong” with me as an individual, or do we live in an inequitable society that causes emotional and often generational trauma? Our trauma can lead to behaviors that do not ultimately serve us or align with our core values—but there is room to heal. Your ancestral roots, intersecting identities, and cultural practices are an honor for me to make space for in our work together.
I am here to be present with you as you explore and process how the vast injustices in the world may be affecting your internal states. Together we can examine the question: Is there something “wrong” with me as an individual, or do we live in an inequitable society that causes emotional and often generational trauma? Our trauma can lead to behaviors that do not ultimately serve us or align with our core values—but there is room to heal. Your ancestral roots, intersecting identities, and cultural practices are an honor for me to make space for in our work together.
(415) 319-9235 View (415) 319-9235
Photo of Emily Epstein, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Emily Epstein
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618  (Online Only)
You may have decided that you need a focused time and a safe place to sort through important issues in your life. How do you know when a therapist is right for you? I believe in trusting your instincts. I invite you to bring your full range of feelings about starting therapy to an exploratory first session to see if we would be a good match. I work with individuals and couples of all orientations and backgrounds.
You may have decided that you need a focused time and a safe place to sort through important issues in your life. How do you know when a therapist is right for you? I believe in trusting your instincts. I invite you to bring your full range of feelings about starting therapy to an exploratory first session to see if we would be a good match. I work with individuals and couples of all orientations and backgrounds.
(510) 403-1315 View (510) 403-1315
Photo of Judy Blumenfeld, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Judy Blumenfeld
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
An exploration of your childhood, relationships and deepest self can be a beautiful and powerful journey.Together we can develop a curiosity and exploration of vulnerabilities and resilience in the face of challenges and hardship. I work with you in a collaborative way to understand together the obstacles to having healthy and meaningful relationships. If you feel stuck and unable to understand some of your own behaviors and choices we can talk together and begin to find words to understand your experience. I have a warm style of relating and can at times bring humor to our work.
An exploration of your childhood, relationships and deepest self can be a beautiful and powerful journey.Together we can develop a curiosity and exploration of vulnerabilities and resilience in the face of challenges and hardship. I work with you in a collaborative way to understand together the obstacles to having healthy and meaningful relationships. If you feel stuck and unable to understand some of your own behaviors and choices we can talk together and begin to find words to understand your experience. I have a warm style of relating and can at times bring humor to our work.
(510) 575-9984 View (510) 575-9984
Photo of Lucia Grauman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Lucia Grauman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
Awarded Oakland Magazine's "Best Therapist" 2018 & 2020, my specialties include: relationship issues (such as conflict resolution, dating, pre-marital counseling, divorce, blended families, infidelity); grief & loss; addiction, recovery & codependence; anxiety & depression. My approach is both warm and direct-- my clients experience me as accepting and empathic, while also feeling challenged the right amount to grow and change. I am an integrative therapist, meaning I integrate more than one way/theory/model to view and treat psychological and/or relational concerns. See my website for education, experience and credentials.
Awarded Oakland Magazine's "Best Therapist" 2018 & 2020, my specialties include: relationship issues (such as conflict resolution, dating, pre-marital counseling, divorce, blended families, infidelity); grief & loss; addiction, recovery & codependence; anxiety & depression. My approach is both warm and direct-- my clients experience me as accepting and empathic, while also feeling challenged the right amount to grow and change. I am an integrative therapist, meaning I integrate more than one way/theory/model to view and treat psychological and/or relational concerns. See my website for education, experience and credentials.
(415) 799-3799 View (415) 799-3799
Photo of Athenia Teng, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Athenia Teng
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
Whether your issues are individual (related to mood, identity, self-growth, etc.) or relational (romantic, family, friendships, work, etc.), I believe that change is possible and strive to offer a supportive, caring, and affirming space for you to explore, heal, thrive, and grow. Together, we'll work in ways that are in-depth and practical, move through challenges, and tap into the strengths that are already within you. It’s important to me that I offer an environment that is free of judgment and oppression, and in which you are fully seen.
Whether your issues are individual (related to mood, identity, self-growth, etc.) or relational (romantic, family, friendships, work, etc.), I believe that change is possible and strive to offer a supportive, caring, and affirming space for you to explore, heal, thrive, and grow. Together, we'll work in ways that are in-depth and practical, move through challenges, and tap into the strengths that are already within you. It’s important to me that I offer an environment that is free of judgment and oppression, and in which you are fully seen.
(510) 544-8108 View (510) 544-8108

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oakland, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in Oakland, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Grief
66% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

59% Aetna
48% Cigna and Evernorth
44% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Oakland, CA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
22% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oakland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.