Therapists in Oakland, CA

View neighborhoods in Oakland
Photo of Therapy for Lawyers, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Therapy for Lawyers
Marriage & Family Therapist, JD, MA
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612
Mike Lubofsky, Licensed Therapist and Attorney • My ideal client is highly intelligent, intellectually curious, and sincerely open to change. My work as a therapist is a deep calling and the challenging exploration of psychological and existential issues with clients often leads to profound emotionally corrective experiences with clients. Many clients, including lawyers, have "checked all the boxes" and have hit a wall of frustration and dissatisfaction. I have navigated those profound challenges and my life's work is to help others find their authentic paths.
Mike Lubofsky, Licensed Therapist and Attorney • My ideal client is highly intelligent, intellectually curious, and sincerely open to change. My work as a therapist is a deep calling and the challenging exploration of psychological and existential issues with clients often leads to profound emotionally corrective experiences with clients. Many clients, including lawyers, have "checked all the boxes" and have hit a wall of frustration and dissatisfaction. I have navigated those profound challenges and my life's work is to help others find their authentic paths.
(415) 508-6263 View (415) 508-6263
Photo of Change Talk with Angelyne Arellano, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Change Talk with Angelyne Arellano, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
Are you feeling sad, anxious, or lonely and you’re too ashamed or embarrassed to tell anyone about it? Do you pretend everything is alright as to not draw negative attention or cause problems in your relationships, yet inside you’re feeling despair? Do you feel confused and frustrated during conflicts, and you end up taking care of everyone else’s needs? Are you terrified to make decisions that go against familial or cultural norms? Do negative thoughts take over? Together, you and I will figure out what’s really going on with your discontent so that you don’t have to feel like a fraud or a helpless person. It’s going to be okay.
Are you feeling sad, anxious, or lonely and you’re too ashamed or embarrassed to tell anyone about it? Do you pretend everything is alright as to not draw negative attention or cause problems in your relationships, yet inside you’re feeling despair? Do you feel confused and frustrated during conflicts, and you end up taking care of everyone else’s needs? Are you terrified to make decisions that go against familial or cultural norms? Do negative thoughts take over? Together, you and I will figure out what’s really going on with your discontent so that you don’t have to feel like a fraud or a helpless person. It’s going to be okay.
(510) 216-1525 View (510) 216-1525
Photo of Alex Tipton, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Alex Tipton
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
I work with adults and teenagers who are looking to manage symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Trauma. I will be with you on the journey of healing to discovery, recovery, and connection to your true self. I also specialize in working with individuals experiencing life transition issues such as career/academic concerns and relationship stress. I approach therapy with a person-centered mindset to create as comfortable and welcoming an environment as I can. I believe the trust built between you and a therapist is one of the more powerful tools we as clinicians can offer, and I hope to garner that trust in my own practice.
I work with adults and teenagers who are looking to manage symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Trauma. I will be with you on the journey of healing to discovery, recovery, and connection to your true self. I also specialize in working with individuals experiencing life transition issues such as career/academic concerns and relationship stress. I approach therapy with a person-centered mindset to create as comfortable and welcoming an environment as I can. I believe the trust built between you and a therapist is one of the more powerful tools we as clinicians can offer, and I hope to garner that trust in my own practice.
(415) 322-5279 View (415) 322-5279
Photo of Zena Caputo, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Zena Caputo
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
The care and support that allows each person to grow and thrive is unique. Whether you're hoping to reduce the impact of life’s stressors, heal from traumatic experiences, improve your sense of self-worth, or explore your relationship with drugs and alcohol, our work together will recognize your individuality and be driven by your goals. I focus on building a relationship in which you feel you are treated with respect, understanding, and compassion, where you can experience a sense of safety in sharing about sensitive parts of your life.
The care and support that allows each person to grow and thrive is unique. Whether you're hoping to reduce the impact of life’s stressors, heal from traumatic experiences, improve your sense of self-worth, or explore your relationship with drugs and alcohol, our work together will recognize your individuality and be driven by your goals. I focus on building a relationship in which you feel you are treated with respect, understanding, and compassion, where you can experience a sense of safety in sharing about sensitive parts of your life.
(415) 529-6226 View (415) 529-6226
Photo of Moriah Agoustari, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Moriah Agoustari
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
I provide psychotherapy to teens and adults seeking a non-judgmental space to work through their painful and “messy” experiences. These might include anxiety, panic, depression, relationship issues, disordered eating, or suicidal ideation. Rather than grabbing the Clorox, I help clients explore how and why their symptoms came to be. As clients better understand themselves, they often feel profoundly relieved. From this place, we can identify new coping skills that feel useful. Ultimately, I hope to help clients make peace with “messy”, so they can feel more wholly themselves.
I provide psychotherapy to teens and adults seeking a non-judgmental space to work through their painful and “messy” experiences. These might include anxiety, panic, depression, relationship issues, disordered eating, or suicidal ideation. Rather than grabbing the Clorox, I help clients explore how and why their symptoms came to be. As clients better understand themselves, they often feel profoundly relieved. From this place, we can identify new coping skills that feel useful. Ultimately, I hope to help clients make peace with “messy”, so they can feel more wholly themselves.
(510) 892-3229 View (510) 892-3229
Photo of Tim Barry, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Tim Barry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94602  (Online Only)
I am passionate about supporting people in addressing a range of different challenges that may be impacting their lives. I believe that people are inherently resilient, and that building a strong therapeutic relationship can help you access both existing strengths and build new ones. While I may be an expert in a particular therapeutic model, you are an expert in your experience, and our ability to work together using evidence-based practices will help you reach your goals. I will take an active approach in your care by collaboratively building rapport and tailoring your care to meet your unique needs.
I am passionate about supporting people in addressing a range of different challenges that may be impacting their lives. I believe that people are inherently resilient, and that building a strong therapeutic relationship can help you access both existing strengths and build new ones. While I may be an expert in a particular therapeutic model, you are an expert in your experience, and our ability to work together using evidence-based practices will help you reach your goals. I will take an active approach in your care by collaboratively building rapport and tailoring your care to meet your unique needs.
(510) 567-7566 View (510) 567-7566
Photo of Micah Rea, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Micah Rea
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94609  (Online Only)
I have been working with LGBTQ+ communities and their families in mental health settings for the last 8 years. I'm passionate about providing a space for all people to be celebrated for their full authentic selves. I honor and respect the strategies clients have learned that support them in coping and surviving. Together, we can work towards becoming more aware and understanding of how these coping strategies and patterns best serve us, recognize what may no longer serve us, and find new ways of coping. I support clients with any needs or goals that they bring to therapy.
I have been working with LGBTQ+ communities and their families in mental health settings for the last 8 years. I'm passionate about providing a space for all people to be celebrated for their full authentic selves. I honor and respect the strategies clients have learned that support them in coping and surviving. Together, we can work towards becoming more aware and understanding of how these coping strategies and patterns best serve us, recognize what may no longer serve us, and find new ways of coping. I support clients with any needs or goals that they bring to therapy.
(925) 905-8569 View (925) 905-8569
Photo of Dr. Brittany Cooper, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Dr. Brittany Cooper
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94613  (Online Only)
Healing looks different for all of us. As we navigate different seasons, relationships, and themes in life, it can be helpful to have a space that is yours. You are the expert of your experience, and I believe in healing practices that emphasize collaboration and connection. I show up with a relational approach, ready to meet you where you are and how you want to support growth and exploration. I value social justice, supporting a good fit between therapist and client, and flexibility. My practice integrates the honoring of your cultural values, intersecting identities and meaningful relationships that inform who we are.
Healing looks different for all of us. As we navigate different seasons, relationships, and themes in life, it can be helpful to have a space that is yours. You are the expert of your experience, and I believe in healing practices that emphasize collaboration and connection. I show up with a relational approach, ready to meet you where you are and how you want to support growth and exploration. I value social justice, supporting a good fit between therapist and client, and flexibility. My practice integrates the honoring of your cultural values, intersecting identities and meaningful relationships that inform who we are.
(510) 640-8582 View (510) 640-8582
Photo of Margaret F Mancuso, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Margaret F Mancuso
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
I am a Clinical Psychologist in private practice with more than 20 years' experience helping individual adults, teens, children and their families. I offer both Psychotherapy and Consultation. Psychotherapy in a safe and caring atmosphere can offer a pathway to insight, personal understanding and achieving new goals that bring a more rewarding life. My clinical approach is an interactive one since I believe that successful therapy is a collaborative process. I incorporate various therapeutic approaches: Psychodynamic, Interpersonal, Psychoanalytic, Solution-Focused and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
I am a Clinical Psychologist in private practice with more than 20 years' experience helping individual adults, teens, children and their families. I offer both Psychotherapy and Consultation. Psychotherapy in a safe and caring atmosphere can offer a pathway to insight, personal understanding and achieving new goals that bring a more rewarding life. My clinical approach is an interactive one since I believe that successful therapy is a collaborative process. I incorporate various therapeutic approaches: Psychodynamic, Interpersonal, Psychoanalytic, Solution-Focused and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
(510) 746-8071 View (510) 746-8071
Photo of Hilary Combs, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Hilary Combs
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
My clients are people struggling with a transition in their lives; initiating independence as a teenager or young adult, wrestling with a new gender or new role as a significant other / parent, newly dealing with depression, traumatic memories or substance abuse. My approach to psychotherapy is collaborative and interactive with the goal of creating a safe environment that will enable you to explore your thoughts and feelings related to present difficulties. I work with the idea of relieving one's immediate suffering with the longer term goal of how to better understand oneself and one's relationship to the world around you.
My clients are people struggling with a transition in their lives; initiating independence as a teenager or young adult, wrestling with a new gender or new role as a significant other / parent, newly dealing with depression, traumatic memories or substance abuse. My approach to psychotherapy is collaborative and interactive with the goal of creating a safe environment that will enable you to explore your thoughts and feelings related to present difficulties. I work with the idea of relieving one's immediate suffering with the longer term goal of how to better understand oneself and one's relationship to the world around you.
(347) 603-0916 View (347) 603-0916
Photo of Rafi Fadda, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Rafi Fadda
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609  (Online Only)
Hello! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, proudly based in Oakland, California. I have supported folks over the last decade and was called to social work while employed at an art studio for adults with various health needs. In 2017, I received my Master's in Social Welfare from the University of California, Berkeley. I have been practicing as a social worker for 9 years. I support folks 18+ in navigating trauma and chronic medical conditions so they can live a balanced and intentional life.
Hello! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, proudly based in Oakland, California. I have supported folks over the last decade and was called to social work while employed at an art studio for adults with various health needs. In 2017, I received my Master's in Social Welfare from the University of California, Berkeley. I have been practicing as a social worker for 9 years. I support folks 18+ in navigating trauma and chronic medical conditions so they can live a balanced and intentional life.
(562) 620-4032 View (562) 620-4032
Photo of Urana Jackson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Urana Jackson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94606
Not accepting new clients
Often when an individual or couple is seeking out a therapist they're in the midst of a significant transition or challenge that can feel overwhelming. Paradoxically, I believe this is often the time in which the greatest change is possible. By exploring issues through a multi-layered approach, we will identify the deeper truths and lessons these challenges are presenting. By lending tools and feedback, I assist my clients in having a different relationship with their challenges; thus moving away from constriction into conscious growth and empowerment.
Often when an individual or couple is seeking out a therapist they're in the midst of a significant transition or challenge that can feel overwhelming. Paradoxically, I believe this is often the time in which the greatest change is possible. By exploring issues through a multi-layered approach, we will identify the deeper truths and lessons these challenges are presenting. By lending tools and feedback, I assist my clients in having a different relationship with their challenges; thus moving away from constriction into conscious growth and empowerment.
(510) 275-7633 View (510) 275-7633
Photo of Caitlin Burnham, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Caitlin Burnham
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
I enjoy working with my clients to help them live more in alignment with how they want to be living. We identity sources of "stuckness", which may include histories of trauma/traumatic invalidation, distress around identities related to race, sexuality, gender, and/or neurodivergence, coping with mood disorders and related behavioral and relationship difficulties, among other significant and impactful life experiences and challenges with past coping strategies. While taking a social justice-oriented and compassionate stance, we work on understanding and processing pain in order to increase one's experience of empowerment and ease.
I enjoy working with my clients to help them live more in alignment with how they want to be living. We identity sources of "stuckness", which may include histories of trauma/traumatic invalidation, distress around identities related to race, sexuality, gender, and/or neurodivergence, coping with mood disorders and related behavioral and relationship difficulties, among other significant and impactful life experiences and challenges with past coping strategies. While taking a social justice-oriented and compassionate stance, we work on understanding and processing pain in order to increase one's experience of empowerment and ease.
(650) 547-1208 View (650) 547-1208
Photo of Jennifer Howard, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Jennifer Howard
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
My approach is grounded in Cognitive-Behavioral and Attachment Theories. I also incorporate the practices of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction and ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy). I aspire to meet clients where they are, and help each individual to work on his or her expressed goals. I enjoy taking this journey with clients to navigate some of their most difficult and challenging moments in life, to help prevent troubled kids or young adults from more serious trouble, and to help all clients who seek my support turn their life's biggest challenges into opportunities for growth and lasting change.
My approach is grounded in Cognitive-Behavioral and Attachment Theories. I also incorporate the practices of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction and ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy). I aspire to meet clients where they are, and help each individual to work on his or her expressed goals. I enjoy taking this journey with clients to navigate some of their most difficult and challenging moments in life, to help prevent troubled kids or young adults from more serious trouble, and to help all clients who seek my support turn their life's biggest challenges into opportunities for growth and lasting change.
(510) 878-6002 View (510) 878-6002
Photo of Debra A Bronstein, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Debra A Bronstein
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94608
I provide a down-to-earth approach to self-exploration and personal development, recognizing the universality of both human suffering and human potential. I take a non-pathological approach to therapy, coming from a core orientation that each person is inherently valuable and has an innate capacity for wisdom and wholeness. My approach is dynamic and relational, being informed by a lifetime of psychological and spiritual inquiry.
I provide a down-to-earth approach to self-exploration and personal development, recognizing the universality of both human suffering and human potential. I take a non-pathological approach to therapy, coming from a core orientation that each person is inherently valuable and has an innate capacity for wisdom and wholeness. My approach is dynamic and relational, being informed by a lifetime of psychological and spiritual inquiry.
(510) 858-2181 View (510) 858-2181
Photo of Daniela Sawicki Rivera, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Daniela Sawicki Rivera
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610
All too often many of us fall through the cracks in the systems we navigate, become othered and undervalued by society, and end up in a never ending race where we feel as though we are constantly catching up or at the precipice of falling behind - sometimes all at once! We carry this with us while we are held to the same standards as those who do not face the same barriers. This is where therapy can enter your life.
All too often many of us fall through the cracks in the systems we navigate, become othered and undervalued by society, and end up in a never ending race where we feel as though we are constantly catching up or at the precipice of falling behind - sometimes all at once! We carry this with us while we are held to the same standards as those who do not face the same barriers. This is where therapy can enter your life.
(510) 738-0533 View (510) 738-0533
Photo of Michael Anthony Tompkins, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Michael Anthony Tompkins
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618  (Online Only)
I have over 30 years of experience providing cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and chronic insomnia. I am a licensed psychologist, co-director of the San Francisco Bay Area Center for Cognitive Therapy, and Board Certified in Behavioral and Cognitive Psychology by the American Board of Professional Psychology. I am an Assistant Clinical Professor at the University of California, Berkeley, and an adjunct faculty member of the Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy. I am the author of fourteen books and present workshops and trainings to national and international audiences.
I have over 30 years of experience providing cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and chronic insomnia. I am a licensed psychologist, co-director of the San Francisco Bay Area Center for Cognitive Therapy, and Board Certified in Behavioral and Cognitive Psychology by the American Board of Professional Psychology. I am an Assistant Clinical Professor at the University of California, Berkeley, and an adjunct faculty member of the Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy. I am the author of fourteen books and present workshops and trainings to national and international audiences.
(510) 953-4684 x3 View (510) 953-4684 x3
Photo of Cheryl Jones, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Cheryl Jones
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610
No matter what difficulty you face, together we can find our way through. Most of us change only when what we've been doing completely stops working! In that way, our most challenging times also have the potential to change us in mysteriously positive ways. Let's travel together to find your best life!
No matter what difficulty you face, together we can find our way through. Most of us change only when what we've been doing completely stops working! In that way, our most challenging times also have the potential to change us in mysteriously positive ways. Let's travel together to find your best life!
(510) 587-9085 View (510) 587-9085
Photo of Ross Nyanga in Oakland, CA
Ross Nyanga
MA
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610
My ideal client is someone who is ready to commit to their journey of change. Having an awareness of what they desire to focus on and what it means to them to grow in that area is imperative to making consistent strides in our work together.
My ideal client is someone who is ready to commit to their journey of change. Having an awareness of what they desire to focus on and what it means to them to grow in that area is imperative to making consistent strides in our work together.
(510) 405-4301 View (510) 405-4301
Photo of Christie Lee, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Christie Lee
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
Hello, and welcome. You may have arrived here because you've done everything the "right way" but that hasn't led to happiness. You wonder, what do people mean when they say "go with the flow"? Or, you can't shake that feeling you've somehow missed important life milestones, and you need a little clarity. I offer warm, empathic engagement in a safe space, where we can assess your needs, comfort level and tolerance to create a plan unique to you.
Hello, and welcome. You may have arrived here because you've done everything the "right way" but that hasn't led to happiness. You wonder, what do people mean when they say "go with the flow"? Or, you can't shake that feeling you've somehow missed important life milestones, and you need a little clarity. I offer warm, empathic engagement in a safe space, where we can assess your needs, comfort level and tolerance to create a plan unique to you.
(510) 939-7329 View (510) 939-7329

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oakland, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in Oakland, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Grief
66% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

59% Aetna
48% Cigna and Evernorth
44% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Oakland, CA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oakland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.