Therapists in Oakland, CA

View neighborhoods in Oakland
Photo of Freddie Barahona, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Freddie Barahona
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
Hello. Bienvenidos. If you find yourself in a difficult place in life and need extra support then you have come to the right place. I specialize in helping individuals seeking to heal from anxiety, depression, trauma, and life transitions. I have training in numerous modalities of therapy and I am committed to finding the one that works for you. Yo me especializo en tratar ansiedad, depresion, trauma, y problemas de relaciones. Incorporo muchas tecnicas distintas muy efectivas para que ud. pueda volver a retomar las riendas en su vida.
Hello. Bienvenidos. If you find yourself in a difficult place in life and need extra support then you have come to the right place. I specialize in helping individuals seeking to heal from anxiety, depression, trauma, and life transitions. I have training in numerous modalities of therapy and I am committed to finding the one that works for you. Yo me especializo en tratar ansiedad, depresion, trauma, y problemas de relaciones. Incorporo muchas tecnicas distintas muy efectivas para que ud. pueda volver a retomar las riendas en su vida.
(510) 945-3412 View (510) 945-3412
Photo of Sara Bisikirski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Sara Bisikirski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94607
With 20 years of experience, I work with individual adults, adolescents and couples from a trauma-informed model that integrates DBT, psychodynamic, family systems and Mindful Self-Compassion perspectives. Through therapy I can help you to achieve your goals, develop an increased understanding of yourself and build new ways of coping with life’s challenges. As a Certified Mediator with a background in divorce mediation I can lend informed support to those struggling with divorce-related challenges. Furthermore as a transracially adoptive mom of two I hold a strong interest in helping others navigate the world of parenting.
With 20 years of experience, I work with individual adults, adolescents and couples from a trauma-informed model that integrates DBT, psychodynamic, family systems and Mindful Self-Compassion perspectives. Through therapy I can help you to achieve your goals, develop an increased understanding of yourself and build new ways of coping with life’s challenges. As a Certified Mediator with a background in divorce mediation I can lend informed support to those struggling with divorce-related challenges. Furthermore as a transracially adoptive mom of two I hold a strong interest in helping others navigate the world of parenting.
(510) 880-1983 View (510) 880-1983
Photo of Robyn Holmes-Cannon, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Robyn Holmes-Cannon
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
Waitlist for new clients
If you or your child have been struggling with anxiety, panic, stress, trauma fears/phobias, low mood, or relationship/peer conflicts you have landed in the right place. I have had the honor of helping people for more than 22 yrs overcome their struggles and find or regain a greater sense of wellbeing. Several trauma-informed approaches are used but I believe the therapeutic relationship is a key factor in the therapy process. I aim to provide a therapeutic space that feels accepting, warm, empowering, and active while always bearing in mind the need for trust and safety at the center of our work together.
If you or your child have been struggling with anxiety, panic, stress, trauma fears/phobias, low mood, or relationship/peer conflicts you have landed in the right place. I have had the honor of helping people for more than 22 yrs overcome their struggles and find or regain a greater sense of wellbeing. Several trauma-informed approaches are used but I believe the therapeutic relationship is a key factor in the therapy process. I aim to provide a therapeutic space that feels accepting, warm, empowering, and active while always bearing in mind the need for trust and safety at the center of our work together.
(925) 588-7159 View (925) 588-7159
Photo of Bernadette Rivero, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Bernadette Rivero
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
Are there topics you're nervous or scared to discuss with your partner, friends or family due to embarrassment or fear of judgement? Do you continue to tell everyone you're "fine" when internally you may be experiencing a variety of emotions that you're unsure how to manage? Were you raised in a family that did not discuss emotions or perceived them as "weak"? These are very common thoughts that I would love to unpack with you. I understand the difficulty in being vulnerable and discussing your emotions. My purpose is to create a comfortable environment for you to work through these feelings and practice coping skills.
Are there topics you're nervous or scared to discuss with your partner, friends or family due to embarrassment or fear of judgement? Do you continue to tell everyone you're "fine" when internally you may be experiencing a variety of emotions that you're unsure how to manage? Were you raised in a family that did not discuss emotions or perceived them as "weak"? These are very common thoughts that I would love to unpack with you. I understand the difficulty in being vulnerable and discussing your emotions. My purpose is to create a comfortable environment for you to work through these feelings and practice coping skills.
(510) 323-4463 View (510) 323-4463
Photo of Jessica Chesbro, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Jessica Chesbro
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
I believe every person and family is unique and there are many ways to raise a healthy child. I want to honor the strengths within you and your family and offer the tools and support to help your child and family thrive. Through a trauma-informed lens, I work extensively with youth, parents, and families on life transitions, healthy communication, and processing/ healing from grief or abuse.
I believe every person and family is unique and there are many ways to raise a healthy child. I want to honor the strengths within you and your family and offer the tools and support to help your child and family thrive. Through a trauma-informed lens, I work extensively with youth, parents, and families on life transitions, healthy communication, and processing/ healing from grief or abuse.
(510) 405-3206 View (510) 405-3206
Photo of Laura Condylis, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Laura Condylis
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
Welcome! You are ready for a change. You may be overwhelmed by life, feel depressed or anxious, or have difficulty connecting in relationships. Whatever your reason for searching for a psychologist, a part of you believes in the possibility of a better life.
Welcome! You are ready for a change. You may be overwhelmed by life, feel depressed or anxious, or have difficulty connecting in relationships. Whatever your reason for searching for a psychologist, a part of you believes in the possibility of a better life.
(510) 953-4798 View (510) 953-4798
Photo of Michael Rochette, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Michael Rochette
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618  (Online Only)
I have a lifelong commitment to exploring our interconnections with our selves, our families, our significant others, our coworkers/neighbors, and our natural world. I see many of our personal challenges, which tend to manifest as anxiety and depression, correspond with disconnected patterns that leave us stuck, emotionally, cognitively, somatically, and spiritually. As a California registered associate marriage and family therapist, I work with clients to heal existing interconnections and cultivate new ways of being in connection.
I have a lifelong commitment to exploring our interconnections with our selves, our families, our significant others, our coworkers/neighbors, and our natural world. I see many of our personal challenges, which tend to manifest as anxiety and depression, correspond with disconnected patterns that leave us stuck, emotionally, cognitively, somatically, and spiritually. As a California registered associate marriage and family therapist, I work with clients to heal existing interconnections and cultivate new ways of being in connection.
(510) 298-3372 View (510) 298-3372
Photo of Patricia Banchik Rothschild, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Patricia Banchik Rothschild
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CMHIMP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94609
Waitlist for new clients
My experience comes from 31 years of helping children, adults, couples and families in both Community Mental Health and Private Practice. My approach is eclectic and tailored to each individual's needs to facilitate healing and growth. Through my years of experience I have witnessed over and over again people coming into therapy with great pain, discomfort and despair but with time, (sometimes within a very short time) their symptoms diminish and a whole new person emerges. Crisis times can be extremely painful and distressful but they can also be opportunities for growth and healing through therapy.
My experience comes from 31 years of helping children, adults, couples and families in both Community Mental Health and Private Practice. My approach is eclectic and tailored to each individual's needs to facilitate healing and growth. Through my years of experience I have witnessed over and over again people coming into therapy with great pain, discomfort and despair but with time, (sometimes within a very short time) their symptoms diminish and a whole new person emerges. Crisis times can be extremely painful and distressful but they can also be opportunities for growth and healing through therapy.
(510) 403-8151 View (510) 403-8151
Photo of Aaron Wilson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Aaron Wilson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618  (Online Only)
AUTHENTICITY, ALIVENESS, and CONNECTION are vital ingredients to living a healthy and meaningful life. Unfortunately these qualities do not always receive the proper attention needed to thrive. As a result, we develop coping strategies that often lead us to not getting what we want in life, leaving us feeling stuck, anxious, depressed, and hopeless. Therapy provides a unique opportunity to explore the unconscious patterns that keep us stuck. Therapy can help you make meaningful change to live the life you wish and to create the relationships you long for.
AUTHENTICITY, ALIVENESS, and CONNECTION are vital ingredients to living a healthy and meaningful life. Unfortunately these qualities do not always receive the proper attention needed to thrive. As a result, we develop coping strategies that often lead us to not getting what we want in life, leaving us feeling stuck, anxious, depressed, and hopeless. Therapy provides a unique opportunity to explore the unconscious patterns that keep us stuck. Therapy can help you make meaningful change to live the life you wish and to create the relationships you long for.
(415) 592-6652 View (415) 592-6652
Photo of Evelyn Natalya Fleischman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Evelyn Natalya Fleischman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94609
I specialize in somatic psychotherapy, a body/mind approach that helps you change core beliefs and attitudes that are causing you suffering. My approach is relational and uses mindfulness to bring awareness to the parts of yourself you don't ordinarily notice. In our sessions, we slow down and pay attention the story your body is telling as well as the mind. The work is highly experiential, creative and transformative!
I specialize in somatic psychotherapy, a body/mind approach that helps you change core beliefs and attitudes that are causing you suffering. My approach is relational and uses mindfulness to bring awareness to the parts of yourself you don't ordinarily notice. In our sessions, we slow down and pay attention the story your body is telling as well as the mind. The work is highly experiential, creative and transformative!
(510) 239-5301 View (510) 239-5301
Photo of Silver Lake Psychology, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Silver Lake Psychology
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others, and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability, and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience.
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others, and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability, and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience.
(415) 650-5245 View (415) 650-5245
Photo of Laura M Ostrow, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Laura M Ostrow
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94606  (Online Only)
Hello! I am currently offering trauma informed and EMDR therapy. I work primarily with high functioning women who are struggling with depression, anxiety, or PTSD and are ready to get to the root of it all and feel better. Whether you are challenged by intimacy issues, feeling unfulfilled at work or school, or are just tired of being controlled by emotions like anger or grief, emotions can be hard to manage. Lasting change happens within the context of a safe relationship, and regardless of your attachment style or history, I can help you create the changes you want to see in your life.
Hello! I am currently offering trauma informed and EMDR therapy. I work primarily with high functioning women who are struggling with depression, anxiety, or PTSD and are ready to get to the root of it all and feel better. Whether you are challenged by intimacy issues, feeling unfulfilled at work or school, or are just tired of being controlled by emotions like anger or grief, emotions can be hard to manage. Lasting change happens within the context of a safe relationship, and regardless of your attachment style or history, I can help you create the changes you want to see in your life.
(510) 343-7169 View (510) 343-7169
Photo of Dina Altshuler, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Dina Altshuler
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
I know that coming to therapy can be challenging and I am committed to creating a warm, empathic, and safe space for our time together. I tailor the treatment to meet your individual needs and goals. My priority is to meet you where you are in order to help you on your journey to a more authentic and fulfilling life. I have an integrative style, drawing on psychodynamic, systems, and attachment theories which allows us to look at the root of issues that you may be struggling with. I also draw on cognitive behavioral techniques, mindfulness and meditation practices to help deal with symptoms by improving coping and self-care.
I know that coming to therapy can be challenging and I am committed to creating a warm, empathic, and safe space for our time together. I tailor the treatment to meet your individual needs and goals. My priority is to meet you where you are in order to help you on your journey to a more authentic and fulfilling life. I have an integrative style, drawing on psychodynamic, systems, and attachment theories which allows us to look at the root of issues that you may be struggling with. I also draw on cognitive behavioral techniques, mindfulness and meditation practices to help deal with symptoms by improving coping and self-care.
(510) 756-4517 View (510) 756-4517
Photo of Portia Marie Anderson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Portia Marie Anderson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94601  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have 16 years of experience as a psychotherapist. I utilize psychodynamic/solution focused/CBT/ trauma informed techniques. My work is influenced by my belief in social justice, and humanism. I will work with you through the difficulties of your life and support you in your journey to create the life you deserve.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have 16 years of experience as a psychotherapist. I utilize psychodynamic/solution focused/CBT/ trauma informed techniques. My work is influenced by my belief in social justice, and humanism. I will work with you through the difficulties of your life and support you in your journey to create the life you deserve.
(510) 272-7068 View (510) 272-7068
Photo of Robin Noel Morales, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Robin Noel Morales
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94606
I work with the belief that all beings have the inherent ability to be well and their best selves. Through traumatic experiences, the pace of life, and other circumstances that challenge us, we can lose our way. We'll explore your internal inspiration, and the needs and strengths that might have become buried over time and what in the external pieces of your life, work, relationships, habits and stressors can be addressed with a focus on moving you forward to life you deserve to have.
I work with the belief that all beings have the inherent ability to be well and their best selves. Through traumatic experiences, the pace of life, and other circumstances that challenge us, we can lose our way. We'll explore your internal inspiration, and the needs and strengths that might have become buried over time and what in the external pieces of your life, work, relationships, habits and stressors can be addressed with a focus on moving you forward to life you deserve to have.
(510) 735-8488 View (510) 735-8488
Photo of Mekdes Yilma, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Mekdes Yilma
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
As Audre Lord said, "Self-care is not self-indulgence, it is self-preservation." Hello, I'm Mekdes! I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist working out of Fresno, CA. Deciding to seek counseling services is a huge step. Whether you are struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship conflict, or parenting challenges, participating in therapy can give you the boost that you need to start living your best life again! As a therapist, I consider it a privilege to be allowed to walk alongside you on your journey of healing.
As Audre Lord said, "Self-care is not self-indulgence, it is self-preservation." Hello, I'm Mekdes! I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist working out of Fresno, CA. Deciding to seek counseling services is a huge step. Whether you are struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship conflict, or parenting challenges, participating in therapy can give you the boost that you need to start living your best life again! As a therapist, I consider it a privilege to be allowed to walk alongside you on your journey of healing.
(510) 480-3651 View (510) 480-3651
Photo of Heather Buchheim, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Heather Buchheim
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610
How you feel towards yourself can profoundly impact your relationships, work, school, and more. And a lot can make it hard to feel your best. You might be: Exhausted by a relentless self-critical voice...Considering your next steps to feel authentically aligned with your gender and sexuality...Struggling with boundaries and people-pleasing... Stressed and stuck in your closest relationships...Curious about non-monogamy but unsure where to start...Looking for nonjudgmental guidance navigating dynamics within polyamory and kink — not to mention managing all of this under capitalism. No wonder you'd like support!
How you feel towards yourself can profoundly impact your relationships, work, school, and more. And a lot can make it hard to feel your best. You might be: Exhausted by a relentless self-critical voice...Considering your next steps to feel authentically aligned with your gender and sexuality...Struggling with boundaries and people-pleasing... Stressed and stuck in your closest relationships...Curious about non-monogamy but unsure where to start...Looking for nonjudgmental guidance navigating dynamics within polyamory and kink — not to mention managing all of this under capitalism. No wonder you'd like support!
(925) 438-6553 View (925) 438-6553
Photo of Gretchen Reid, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Gretchen Reid
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
With great courage and a sense of curiosity, you’ve already taken the hardest step towards feeling better—reaching out for help. Maybe you’ve been feeling "stuck" or overwhelmed? Perhaps you and your significant other find it difficult to communicate each other's feelings and needs. Or maybe you're trying to make sense of a life experience and don’t know where to start. I would like to reassure you, you don’t have to endure the pain or confusion alone. We, as humans, have all experienced moment(s) in life where we feel disconnected from our true selves and even our loved ones. Sometimes we just need some support along the way.
With great courage and a sense of curiosity, you’ve already taken the hardest step towards feeling better—reaching out for help. Maybe you’ve been feeling "stuck" or overwhelmed? Perhaps you and your significant other find it difficult to communicate each other's feelings and needs. Or maybe you're trying to make sense of a life experience and don’t know where to start. I would like to reassure you, you don’t have to endure the pain or confusion alone. We, as humans, have all experienced moment(s) in life where we feel disconnected from our true selves and even our loved ones. Sometimes we just need some support along the way.
(510) 616-9574 View (510) 616-9574
Photo of Gianna Scolini, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Gianna Scolini
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94606  (Online Only)
I believe we all have the capacity to tap into our inner wisdom, and my role as a therapist is to provide a safe and supportive space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences without judgement or fear. I strive to help you feel at home in the world, as well as to help you connect to your authentic self. No matter what is troubling you, I am dedicated to helping you cultivate a deeper sense of self-compassion, self-acceptance, and inner peace.
I believe we all have the capacity to tap into our inner wisdom, and my role as a therapist is to provide a safe and supportive space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences without judgement or fear. I strive to help you feel at home in the world, as well as to help you connect to your authentic self. No matter what is troubling you, I am dedicated to helping you cultivate a deeper sense of self-compassion, self-acceptance, and inner peace.
(415) 475-2632 View (415) 475-2632
Photo of Stan Markowski, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Stan Markowski
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
While all people experience challenges throughout life, we each suffer in different ways and, as a result, develop a unique style of dealing with stress. During difficult times, ways of coping that once worked often lose their effectiveness. Even after identifying a problem or unhealthy pattern, it may be difficult to resolve the issue without the necessary support. Therapy often involves an increased curiosity toward one's emotional experience, and over time, awareness of how feelings relate to behavior. This allows for a deeper understanding of who we are and can help us approach problems and conflicts in healthier ways.
While all people experience challenges throughout life, we each suffer in different ways and, as a result, develop a unique style of dealing with stress. During difficult times, ways of coping that once worked often lose their effectiveness. Even after identifying a problem or unhealthy pattern, it may be difficult to resolve the issue without the necessary support. Therapy often involves an increased curiosity toward one's emotional experience, and over time, awareness of how feelings relate to behavior. This allows for a deeper understanding of who we are and can help us approach problems and conflicts in healthier ways.
(510) 858-2285 View (510) 858-2285

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oakland, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in Oakland, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Grief
66% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

59% Aetna
48% Cigna and Evernorth
44% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Oakland, CA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
22% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oakland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.