Therapists in Oakland, CA

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Photo of Erin B Harrell, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Erin B Harrell
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
Our society often moves fast, and it is easy to get caught up and not allow the time to address the thoughts and emotional reactions that may emerge with challenges and changing life circumstances. With over 10 years of experience serving individuals across the lifespan, I provide an affirmative space for individuals to explore areas in their life where they would like to see growth and change. I also value the opportunities to notice areas of life that feel fulfilling, to explore strengths and reflect on positives. My style is warm and thoughtful. and interactive.
Our society often moves fast, and it is easy to get caught up and not allow the time to address the thoughts and emotional reactions that may emerge with challenges and changing life circumstances. With over 10 years of experience serving individuals across the lifespan, I provide an affirmative space for individuals to explore areas in their life where they would like to see growth and change. I also value the opportunities to notice areas of life that feel fulfilling, to explore strengths and reflect on positives. My style is warm and thoughtful. and interactive.
(510) 400-4990 View (510) 400-4990
Photo of Cary Littell, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Cary Littell
Psychologist, PhD, MPH
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
People seek therapy when they feel unhappy, anxious, stuck in patterns and relationships that don't serve them or acting in ways that are self-destructive. Therapy can address and change outmoded ways of being. The therapeutic relationship is key to this work: It offers the possibility of exploring and understanding more effective and satisfying ways of relating to ourselves and others. I work with children, adolescents and adults in individual therapy, using a collaborative approach that centers on empathy, understanding, curiosity and exploration.
People seek therapy when they feel unhappy, anxious, stuck in patterns and relationships that don't serve them or acting in ways that are self-destructive. Therapy can address and change outmoded ways of being. The therapeutic relationship is key to this work: It offers the possibility of exploring and understanding more effective and satisfying ways of relating to ourselves and others. I work with children, adolescents and adults in individual therapy, using a collaborative approach that centers on empathy, understanding, curiosity and exploration.
(510) 544-8237 View (510) 544-8237
Photo of Ann Gildersleeve, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Ann Gildersleeve
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611
As a clinician, I have been privileged to work with people as they transform their difficulties from the past into a richer, more functioning fabric of the present. I have been in practice for over 30 years, working with adults, adolescents and couples. I utilize EMDR for the treatment of trauma, anxiety, and for performance enhancement. I also work extensively in the treatment of alcoholism and other addictions, often treating family members of the addicted/alcoholic individual. In recent years I have been involved in the treatment of firefighters, police, and other First Responders.
As a clinician, I have been privileged to work with people as they transform their difficulties from the past into a richer, more functioning fabric of the present. I have been in practice for over 30 years, working with adults, adolescents and couples. I utilize EMDR for the treatment of trauma, anxiety, and for performance enhancement. I also work extensively in the treatment of alcoholism and other addictions, often treating family members of the addicted/alcoholic individual. In recent years I have been involved in the treatment of firefighters, police, and other First Responders.
(510) 239-5485 View (510) 239-5485
Photo of Michael Larson, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Michael Larson
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, MTS
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94611  (Online Only)
During unsteady times, we can become consumed and overwhelmed by our own pain and suffering. We may hide from the world and even from ourselves. The idea of being seen may evoke shame, fear, and anxiety that can keep us stuck. In our work together, we will practice navigating the crashing waves of life, diving below what seems to be true, and connecting with something larger than ourselves.
During unsteady times, we can become consumed and overwhelmed by our own pain and suffering. We may hide from the world and even from ourselves. The idea of being seen may evoke shame, fear, and anxiety that can keep us stuck. In our work together, we will practice navigating the crashing waves of life, diving below what seems to be true, and connecting with something larger than ourselves.
(510) 867-3145 View (510) 867-3145
Raha Ghasemi
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
Our work together begins with a recognition that it takes courage to enter therapy and that it is an investment of time as well as resources. Embarking on this process is an important step towards living a fuller, more meaningful life. Whether you are struggling to make sense of your past, present and/or future, I hope to help guide you in gaining greater self-awareness and to achieve your goals. I am a licensed psychologist, and clinical supervisor with an integrative approach that combines the latest evidence-based research and depth-oriented relational psychoanalytic theory.
Our work together begins with a recognition that it takes courage to enter therapy and that it is an investment of time as well as resources. Embarking on this process is an important step towards living a fuller, more meaningful life. Whether you are struggling to make sense of your past, present and/or future, I hope to help guide you in gaining greater self-awareness and to achieve your goals. I am a licensed psychologist, and clinical supervisor with an integrative approach that combines the latest evidence-based research and depth-oriented relational psychoanalytic theory.
(415) 936-0853 View (415) 936-0853
Photo of Fiona C. Lundy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Fiona C. Lundy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
Not accepting new clients
Feel overwhelmed, stuck, anxious? These are really tough times we’re living in. There’s the impending climate crisis, conflict abroad, and an increasingly polarizing political climate. Mass shootings may make you fear going to the grocery school or sending your kids to school. And even before the pandemic, there were reasons to be alert and anxious - whether microgressions at work, being told “you’re too ”- fill in the blank, or trying to figure out who you are and how to meet the expectations you and others hold for you. Life can be overwhelming; seeking help shouldn’t be.
Feel overwhelmed, stuck, anxious? These are really tough times we’re living in. There’s the impending climate crisis, conflict abroad, and an increasingly polarizing political climate. Mass shootings may make you fear going to the grocery school or sending your kids to school. And even before the pandemic, there were reasons to be alert and anxious - whether microgressions at work, being told “you’re too ”- fill in the blank, or trying to figure out who you are and how to meet the expectations you and others hold for you. Life can be overwhelming; seeking help shouldn’t be.
(415) 918-6427 View (415) 918-6427
Photo of Bay Area Group Therapy Center, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Oakland, CA
Bay Area Group Therapy Center
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
Are you ready to start improving your relationships and seeing yourself more clearly? Do you yearn for a sense of belonging where you don’t have to contort yourself to fit in? Would you like to have the person you are becoming witnessed and supported? Groups function as a microcosm of the real world, and give us an opportunity to understand our patterns in relationship and receive valuable feedback. Over time, group members learn they can be more fully themselves with others and gain confidence and capacity for more satisfying connections.
Are you ready to start improving your relationships and seeing yourself more clearly? Do you yearn for a sense of belonging where you don’t have to contort yourself to fit in? Would you like to have the person you are becoming witnessed and supported? Groups function as a microcosm of the real world, and give us an opportunity to understand our patterns in relationship and receive valuable feedback. Over time, group members learn they can be more fully themselves with others and gain confidence and capacity for more satisfying connections.
(510) 947-8446 View (510) 947-8446
Photo of Stan Markowski, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Stan Markowski
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94618
While all people experience challenges throughout life, we each suffer in different ways and, as a result, develop a unique style of dealing with stress. During difficult times, ways of coping that once worked often lose their effectiveness. Even after identifying a problem or unhealthy pattern, it may be difficult to resolve the issue without the necessary support. Therapy often involves an increased curiosity toward one's emotional experience, and over time, awareness of how feelings relate to behavior. This allows for a deeper understanding of who we are and can help us approach problems and conflicts in healthier ways.
While all people experience challenges throughout life, we each suffer in different ways and, as a result, develop a unique style of dealing with stress. During difficult times, ways of coping that once worked often lose their effectiveness. Even after identifying a problem or unhealthy pattern, it may be difficult to resolve the issue without the necessary support. Therapy often involves an increased curiosity toward one's emotional experience, and over time, awareness of how feelings relate to behavior. This allows for a deeper understanding of who we are and can help us approach problems and conflicts in healthier ways.
(510) 858-2285 View (510) 858-2285
Photo of Laurie Pantell, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Laurie Pantell
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94608  (Online Only)
I work with individuals and couples in any stage of relationship. If we work together, my goal is to help you access and understand the root causes of your struggles so you can truly heal. In my experience, when the origin of conditioned thoughts, feelings and behaviors are fully felt and understood, they no longer have power, can be let go, and in their place comes a sense of freedom, choice and empowerment. Whether you struggle to manage stress, anxiety, and/or depression, or have found the goal of creating a satisfying relationship or career to be elusive, I believe you can move past any limitations with the right help.
I work with individuals and couples in any stage of relationship. If we work together, my goal is to help you access and understand the root causes of your struggles so you can truly heal. In my experience, when the origin of conditioned thoughts, feelings and behaviors are fully felt and understood, they no longer have power, can be let go, and in their place comes a sense of freedom, choice and empowerment. Whether you struggle to manage stress, anxiety, and/or depression, or have found the goal of creating a satisfying relationship or career to be elusive, I believe you can move past any limitations with the right help.
(415) 799-3972 View (415) 799-3972
Photo of Jessica Chesbro, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Jessica Chesbro
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
I believe every person and family is unique and there are many ways to raise a healthy child. I want to honor the strengths within you and your family and offer the tools and support to help your child and family thrive. Through a trauma-informed lens, I work extensively with youth, parents, and families on life transitions, healthy communication, and processing/ healing from grief or abuse.
I believe every person and family is unique and there are many ways to raise a healthy child. I want to honor the strengths within you and your family and offer the tools and support to help your child and family thrive. Through a trauma-informed lens, I work extensively with youth, parents, and families on life transitions, healthy communication, and processing/ healing from grief or abuse.
(510) 405-3206 View (510) 405-3206
Photo of Stephanie Rosso, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Stephanie Rosso
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94611
Are you worried about your child? Are they having trouble in school? Not making friends? Has being a parent become really stressful? Parenting is always a challenge and can be even harder if your child is having emotional or behavioral difficulties. My goals are to help children reach their maximum potential emotionally, socially, and behaviorally and help parents be empowered and have more effective parenting skills. I specialize in working with children who have emotional, behavioral and academic difficulties including ADHD, anxiety, depression, poor frustration tolerance, loss of a loved one, trauma, family conflict, and interpersonal relationship difficulties.
Are you worried about your child? Are they having trouble in school? Not making friends? Has being a parent become really stressful? Parenting is always a challenge and can be even harder if your child is having emotional or behavioral difficulties. My goals are to help children reach their maximum potential emotionally, socially, and behaviorally and help parents be empowered and have more effective parenting skills. I specialize in working with children who have emotional, behavioral and academic difficulties including ADHD, anxiety, depression, poor frustration tolerance, loss of a loved one, trauma, family conflict, and interpersonal relationship difficulties.
(510) 822-6721 View (510) 822-6721
Photo of Dr. Jacqueline Benson, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Dr. Jacqueline Benson
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
I’m excited to meet you! Therapy is a relationship. I believe in empowering my clients and helping them to take a collaborative role in their mental health care. Listening and getting to know you is crucial. I work with Black clients, LGBTQIA+ clients as well as clients from diverse backgrounds and use my training and understanding of human development to inform my therapeutic work and help my clients identify and understand their challenges so they can set meaningful goals. I work from an integrative perspective that incorporates diverse evidence based practices.
I’m excited to meet you! Therapy is a relationship. I believe in empowering my clients and helping them to take a collaborative role in their mental health care. Listening and getting to know you is crucial. I work with Black clients, LGBTQIA+ clients as well as clients from diverse backgrounds and use my training and understanding of human development to inform my therapeutic work and help my clients identify and understand their challenges so they can set meaningful goals. I work from an integrative perspective that incorporates diverse evidence based practices.
(562) 378-6987 View (562) 378-6987
Photo of Larry Tonberg Edwards, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Larry Tonberg Edwards
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94602
Psychotherapy is an opportunity to develop a new compassionate understanding of yourself and your relationship to others. Whether you are looking for symptom relief or personal growth, the work of psychotherapy begins with establishing a trusting relationship with the therapist who will be your guide, ally, and occasionally your nemesis in exploration. I encourage my clients to become relentlessly curious about themselves by carefully looking at their past and present relationships and the patterns of their emotional and psychological lives.
Psychotherapy is an opportunity to develop a new compassionate understanding of yourself and your relationship to others. Whether you are looking for symptom relief or personal growth, the work of psychotherapy begins with establishing a trusting relationship with the therapist who will be your guide, ally, and occasionally your nemesis in exploration. I encourage my clients to become relentlessly curious about themselves by carefully looking at their past and present relationships and the patterns of their emotional and psychological lives.
(510) 403-8479 View (510) 403-8479
Photo of Anahita (Ana) Kashefi, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Anahita (Ana) Kashefi
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94610
Welcome! My name is Ana and I'm a Licensed Psychotherapist, Certified Couples & Sex Therapist, and psychedelic therapist licensed in CA, UT, and CO. I specialize in ketamine and psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy, depression, anxiety, relationship issues and issues unique to the creative field. My framework is relational, attachment-based and in-depth, characterized by warmth, compassion & collaboration. I will help you gather a deeper understanding of your thoughts and patterns, improve your self-worth, and live a life with purpose, meaning, and connection.
Welcome! My name is Ana and I'm a Licensed Psychotherapist, Certified Couples & Sex Therapist, and psychedelic therapist licensed in CA, UT, and CO. I specialize in ketamine and psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy, depression, anxiety, relationship issues and issues unique to the creative field. My framework is relational, attachment-based and in-depth, characterized by warmth, compassion & collaboration. I will help you gather a deeper understanding of your thoughts and patterns, improve your self-worth, and live a life with purpose, meaning, and connection.
(424) 359-1552 View (424) 359-1552
Photo of Janeen Velarde, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Janeen Velarde
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94612  (Online Only)
I highly respect each person's path to wellness and validate the efforts it takes to make positive change. This is not an easy path but it says a lot about someone's strength that they continue to strive. Whether you are dealing with a challenging situation or stressor, a health diagnosis that has you reeling, or just need support in the accumulation of life's ups and downs, I am here to listen and to help you prioritize your needs. Together we will create an action plan that incorporates the values that you choose and the goals that get you there.
I highly respect each person's path to wellness and validate the efforts it takes to make positive change. This is not an easy path but it says a lot about someone's strength that they continue to strive. Whether you are dealing with a challenging situation or stressor, a health diagnosis that has you reeling, or just need support in the accumulation of life's ups and downs, I am here to listen and to help you prioritize your needs. Together we will create an action plan that incorporates the values that you choose and the goals that get you there.
(415) 449-8429 View (415) 449-8429
Photo of Katelyn Simons, Psychologist in Oakland, CA
Katelyn Simons
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
I practice both individual psychotherapy and assessment for children, adolescents, and adults. I specialize in understanding and addressing coping skills, anxiety, self-esteem, body image, and family conflict. Through therapy, assessment, or consultation, I provide support in navigating individual complexities. Whether I am working with children, teenagers, or adults, my aim is to help those I work with manage overwhelming emotions, navigate challenging situations, and address barriers standing in the way of contentment and clarity.
I practice both individual psychotherapy and assessment for children, adolescents, and adults. I specialize in understanding and addressing coping skills, anxiety, self-esteem, body image, and family conflict. Through therapy, assessment, or consultation, I provide support in navigating individual complexities. Whether I am working with children, teenagers, or adults, my aim is to help those I work with manage overwhelming emotions, navigate challenging situations, and address barriers standing in the way of contentment and clarity.
(510) 296-6515 View (510) 296-6515
Photo of Ryan Buchholz, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Ryan Buchholz
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94603  (Online Only)
Clients I work with tend to have experienced developmental trauma that interferes with their relationships to themselves, partners and family members; have taken on shame, blame, guilt or distorted thinking/gaslighting from their family systems often throughout generations; and therefore likely experience issues around trust, intimacy, vulnerability and self love. I am committed to helping my clients to gain more peace and safety within their personal bodies, their homes, their relations and their family systems so they can experience more choice, empowerment and joy in their lives.
Clients I work with tend to have experienced developmental trauma that interferes with their relationships to themselves, partners and family members; have taken on shame, blame, guilt or distorted thinking/gaslighting from their family systems often throughout generations; and therefore likely experience issues around trust, intimacy, vulnerability and self love. I am committed to helping my clients to gain more peace and safety within their personal bodies, their homes, their relations and their family systems so they can experience more choice, empowerment and joy in their lives.
(510) 592-6576 View (510) 592-6576
Photo of Andrés Salerno, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Andrés Salerno
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94609
Life is a series of peaks and valleys, and the low points can feel really overwhelming. It's in those moments that we most need support, but that's also when we're most prone to isolating and bottling up. Relationship issues, low self-esteem, anxiety, and workplace stress can all be urgent matters, yet we often hesitate admitting we need help.
Life is a series of peaks and valleys, and the low points can feel really overwhelming. It's in those moments that we most need support, but that's also when we're most prone to isolating and bottling up. Relationship issues, low self-esteem, anxiety, and workplace stress can all be urgent matters, yet we often hesitate admitting we need help.
(415) 630-5759 View (415) 630-5759
Photo of Cristine Peterson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Oakland, CA
Cristine Peterson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Oakland, CA 94610  (Online Only)
I work with individuals who have experienced trauma and are seeking relief through an integrative, relational, and somatic approach. Drawing on somatic techniques such as EMDR and Somatic Experiencing, I support my clients in connecting to the felt sense of their bodies as a source of information. I believe that a gentle inquiry into the body’s felt sense allows us to safely integrate the past into the present and clarify what’s true for us in any given moment.
I work with individuals who have experienced trauma and are seeking relief through an integrative, relational, and somatic approach. Drawing on somatic techniques such as EMDR and Somatic Experiencing, I support my clients in connecting to the felt sense of their bodies as a source of information. I believe that a gentle inquiry into the body’s felt sense allows us to safely integrate the past into the present and clarify what’s true for us in any given moment.
(510) 369-0989 View (510) 369-0989
Photo of Adele Markey, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Oakland, CA
Adele Markey
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Oakland, CA 94618
At some point in their lives, most people deal with emotional, mental, and relationship challenges. Maybe you are feeling down or empty. Perhaps you feel constantly stressed and anxious. You might be having difficulties with family, partners, friends, or colleagues. Or maybe you feel out of touch with your work, your passions, or even yourself. You are not alone. Therapy can help you work through challenging life experiences, both past and present, to help you feel better and to accomplish your goals. I believe that we heal through our relationships with others, and I want to provide this kind of healing relationship for you.
At some point in their lives, most people deal with emotional, mental, and relationship challenges. Maybe you are feeling down or empty. Perhaps you feel constantly stressed and anxious. You might be having difficulties with family, partners, friends, or colleagues. Or maybe you feel out of touch with your work, your passions, or even yourself. You are not alone. Therapy can help you work through challenging life experiences, both past and present, to help you feel better and to accomplish your goals. I believe that we heal through our relationships with others, and I want to provide this kind of healing relationship for you.
(510) 973-4072 View (510) 973-4072

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Oakland, CA

2,000+

Average cost per session

$185

Therapists in Oakland, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Grief
66% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

59% Aetna
48% Cigna and Evernorth
44% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Oakland, CA see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Oakland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.