Therapists in Irvine, CA

View neighborhoods in Irvine
Photo of Azizeh Chamani, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Irvine, CA
Azizeh Chamani
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Irvine, CA 92614
Do you find yourself repeating patterns and dynamics in your relationships that don’t feel authentic to how you want to live your life? We all experience painful and difficult emotions but we don’t have to go through them alone. I work from a trauma-informed perspective, with the belief that your childhood, conditioning, and past experiences have all influenced the way you show up in your current life. Coping skills that were once necessary for survival are no longer efficient and sometimes even work against you as an adult.
Do you find yourself repeating patterns and dynamics in your relationships that don’t feel authentic to how you want to live your life? We all experience painful and difficult emotions but we don’t have to go through them alone. I work from a trauma-informed perspective, with the belief that your childhood, conditioning, and past experiences have all influenced the way you show up in your current life. Coping skills that were once necessary for survival are no longer efficient and sometimes even work against you as an adult.
(949) 881-5391 View (949) 881-5391
Photo of Allison Holtkamp, Psychologist in Irvine, CA
Allison Holtkamp
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92604
Feeling overwhelmed, unfulfilled, dealing with effects of trauma or relationship struggles and uncertain of what your next step should be? Life can be overwhelming and sometimes we just want to be understood. We are all works in progress and have a natural ability to heal and thrive. My best work is with individuals who are trusting in the therapeutic process while also eager to make change. I primarily work with adult women with anxiety, looking to improve self-esteem, facing a difficult life transitions, relationship struggles, and prior trauma. My clientele also includes teens and college students from nearby schools.
Feeling overwhelmed, unfulfilled, dealing with effects of trauma or relationship struggles and uncertain of what your next step should be? Life can be overwhelming and sometimes we just want to be understood. We are all works in progress and have a natural ability to heal and thrive. My best work is with individuals who are trusting in the therapeutic process while also eager to make change. I primarily work with adult women with anxiety, looking to improve self-esteem, facing a difficult life transitions, relationship struggles, and prior trauma. My clientele also includes teens and college students from nearby schools.
(714) 695-5468 View (714) 695-5468
Photo of Dr. Eima Mesgarha Uplyft Psychological Services Inc, Psychologist in Irvine, CA
Dr. Eima Mesgarha Uplyft Psychological Services Inc
Psychologist, PsyD , LP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Irvine, CA 92612
Struggling handling stress? Feeling stuck in your relationship? Searching for your life purpose? You should know that you are NOT alone. So many of us face hardship and challenges at different times throughout our lives. We may need support finding self-awareness and compassion which I believe is the key in the healing process. I enjoy acting as an empowering guide along your journey. I believe in our innate capacity to change and create a meaningful and UPLIFTING life. All you need to start your journey is the WILLINGNESS to take the first step & trust the process.
Struggling handling stress? Feeling stuck in your relationship? Searching for your life purpose? You should know that you are NOT alone. So many of us face hardship and challenges at different times throughout our lives. We may need support finding self-awareness and compassion which I believe is the key in the healing process. I enjoy acting as an empowering guide along your journey. I believe in our innate capacity to change and create a meaningful and UPLIFTING life. All you need to start your journey is the WILLINGNESS to take the first step & trust the process.
(714) 464-6685 View (714) 464-6685
Photo of Sheri Sepanlou, Marriage & Family Therapist in Irvine, CA
Sheri Sepanlou
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, Couples, Adults, EMDR
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92618
As a trauma informed therapist, I work with clients to explore their childhood, relationships with early caregivers and the impact of negative experiences and trauma on current relationships and general well-being. Clients will explore and process their thoughts and emotions in a supportive space and can find clarity and healing through insight, self-love and compassion. I work with individuals struggling with depression and anxiety and couples who are stuck in a negative and painful interaction cycle. My goal is to help clients cultivate healthier connections, effective coping skills, and more joy and peace in life.
As a trauma informed therapist, I work with clients to explore their childhood, relationships with early caregivers and the impact of negative experiences and trauma on current relationships and general well-being. Clients will explore and process their thoughts and emotions in a supportive space and can find clarity and healing through insight, self-love and compassion. I work with individuals struggling with depression and anxiety and couples who are stuck in a negative and painful interaction cycle. My goal is to help clients cultivate healthier connections, effective coping skills, and more joy and peace in life.
(949) 518-0497 View (949) 518-0497
Photo of Brooke Harper, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Irvine, CA
Brooke Harper
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irvine, CA 92614  (Online Only)
Brooke Harper, AMFT, is a dedicated Associate Marriage and Family Therapist committed to guiding individuals through challenges and facilitating their journey to healing. Brooke draws from personal experiences to empathize with clients feeling broken or hesitant to seek help. She advocates for curiosity during times of hopelessness and emphasizes the support of friends, family, mental health professionals, and pets. Brooke brings a compassionate and comprehensive approach to therapy, making therapy accessible for clients Monday through Friday via telehealth.
Brooke Harper, AMFT, is a dedicated Associate Marriage and Family Therapist committed to guiding individuals through challenges and facilitating their journey to healing. Brooke draws from personal experiences to empathize with clients feeling broken or hesitant to seek help. She advocates for curiosity during times of hopelessness and emphasizes the support of friends, family, mental health professionals, and pets. Brooke brings a compassionate and comprehensive approach to therapy, making therapy accessible for clients Monday through Friday via telehealth.
(949) 806-5044 View (949) 806-5044
Photo of Kristin Kleppe, Psychologist in Irvine, CA
Kristin Kleppe
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Irvine, CA 92618
Waitlist for new clients
I am committed to helping people achieve a sense of happiness, health, and well-being and to maximize their potential in life. In our first session, we will explore the changes you want to make and together we will collaborate on a treatment plan designed to help you reach your goals. I see clients from age 16 to late adulthood for individual, couples or family therapy. I see people for a variety of issues and am especially skilled in working with families, older adults, executives, and other professionals. I'm skilled in many different types of evidenced based therapies.
I am committed to helping people achieve a sense of happiness, health, and well-being and to maximize their potential in life. In our first session, we will explore the changes you want to make and together we will collaborate on a treatment plan designed to help you reach your goals. I see clients from age 16 to late adulthood for individual, couples or family therapy. I see people for a variety of issues and am especially skilled in working with families, older adults, executives, and other professionals. I'm skilled in many different types of evidenced based therapies.
(949) 381-5121 View (949) 381-5121
Photo of Madison Lieu, Marriage & Family Therapist in Irvine, CA
Madison Lieu
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irvine, CA 92612
Hello, my name is Madi. As a licensed Marriage & Family Therapist, I specialize in providing compassionate and effective therapy for individuals, couples, and families. At this time, I am primarily working with adult individuals, focusing on fostering healthy relationships with themselves and those around them. In my practice, therapy is a safe space for healing and self-exploration. My goal is to help you connect with your emotions by offering a supportive space where you feel seen and heard, in addition to providing tools for personal growth.
Hello, my name is Madi. As a licensed Marriage & Family Therapist, I specialize in providing compassionate and effective therapy for individuals, couples, and families. At this time, I am primarily working with adult individuals, focusing on fostering healthy relationships with themselves and those around them. In my practice, therapy is a safe space for healing and self-exploration. My goal is to help you connect with your emotions by offering a supportive space where you feel seen and heard, in addition to providing tools for personal growth.
(949) 828-1175 View (949) 828-1175
Photo of Hong Jeong, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Irvine, CA
Hong Jeong
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92606
We all go through emotional storms where we feel emotionally and physically stuck; we worry too much and lose control of ourselves. Do you find yourself thrown off balance by your childhood trauma? Childhood traumatic experiences such as abandonment, abuse, and neglect lead to social anxiety. My approach is solution-focused and tailored to your needs and goals. I am committed to providing a profound sense of safety and offering compassionate and actionable guidance to all my clients.
We all go through emotional storms where we feel emotionally and physically stuck; we worry too much and lose control of ourselves. Do you find yourself thrown off balance by your childhood trauma? Childhood traumatic experiences such as abandonment, abuse, and neglect lead to social anxiety. My approach is solution-focused and tailored to your needs and goals. I am committed to providing a profound sense of safety and offering compassionate and actionable guidance to all my clients.
(949) 502-2821 View (949) 502-2821
Photo of The Mindful Lemon, Marriage & Family Therapist in Irvine, CA
The Mindful Lemon
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92618  (Online Only)
Our mission is to provide quality online mental health and substance abuse services while breaking down the barriers of traditional, office based therapy. Traditional mental health and substance abuse treatment tends to focus on what makes you sick, what you are lacking but at The Mindful Lemon, our clinicians let you sit in the driver’s seat, focusing on your strengths and assets to help you become the best version of you! This can be via traditional talk therapy, medication management, mindfulness techniques, an emphasis on health, wellness and fitness or any combination of the above.
Our mission is to provide quality online mental health and substance abuse services while breaking down the barriers of traditional, office based therapy. Traditional mental health and substance abuse treatment tends to focus on what makes you sick, what you are lacking but at The Mindful Lemon, our clinicians let you sit in the driver’s seat, focusing on your strengths and assets to help you become the best version of you! This can be via traditional talk therapy, medication management, mindfulness techniques, an emphasis on health, wellness and fitness or any combination of the above.
(949) 468-3964 View (949) 468-3964
Photo of Staci R Johnson, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Irvine, CA
Staci R Johnson
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC, LMHC, NBCC
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92618
I am empathetic, non-judgemental, encouraging and passionate about the counseling process, as I enjoy working with clients to heal, grow and achieve personal goals. I create a safe space for developing coping skills, resolving issues and achieving personal change. It takes courage and motivation to ask for support, so I am here to support your journey.
I am empathetic, non-judgemental, encouraging and passionate about the counseling process, as I enjoy working with clients to heal, grow and achieve personal goals. I create a safe space for developing coping skills, resolving issues and achieving personal change. It takes courage and motivation to ask for support, so I am here to support your journey.
(562) 620-5730 View (562) 620-5730
Photo of Linda Hayes, Marriage & Family Therapist in Irvine, CA
Linda Hayes
Marriage & Family Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92618  (Online Only)
Is life becoming unmanageable? Looking for real answers? Seeking the best group of clinicians who accept your insurance? Welcome to WellPsyche Medical Group! WellPsyche providers are experts in Wellness and Mental Health. Our providers take a Thoughtful, Practical, and Caring approach to therapy and can help you balance your life. WellPsyche is also a leader in Telemedicine. Now you can visit with your provider from the privacy and convenience of your home or work.
Is life becoming unmanageable? Looking for real answers? Seeking the best group of clinicians who accept your insurance? Welcome to WellPsyche Medical Group! WellPsyche providers are experts in Wellness and Mental Health. Our providers take a Thoughtful, Practical, and Caring approach to therapy and can help you balance your life. WellPsyche is also a leader in Telemedicine. Now you can visit with your provider from the privacy and convenience of your home or work.
(949) 828-1487 View (949) 828-1487
Photo of Nadine Katibloo, Marriage & Family Therapist in Irvine, CA
Nadine Katibloo
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irvine, CA 92612
Not accepting new clients
I have been working with children and their families for over 20 years, licensed eight years. I enjoy working with children of all ages; that is children ages 6-18 and anyone else who has had difficulty in their childhoods and is having trouble in their relationships today and anyone else which insurance refers. Basically You talk, I listen, Insurance pays ( well most of the time they do!!) I have a GREAT sense of humor and use it often. I AM NOT TAKING ANY NEW CLIENT AT THIS TIME
I have been working with children and their families for over 20 years, licensed eight years. I enjoy working with children of all ages; that is children ages 6-18 and anyone else who has had difficulty in their childhoods and is having trouble in their relationships today and anyone else which insurance refers. Basically You talk, I listen, Insurance pays ( well most of the time they do!!) I have a GREAT sense of humor and use it often. I AM NOT TAKING ANY NEW CLIENT AT THIS TIME
(949) 242-9741 View (949) 242-9741
Photo of Dr. Kei Dalsimer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Irvine, CA
Dr. Kei Dalsimer
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT, RN, NP
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92618  (Online Only)
Want happiness and inner calm? Want a better quality of life? I'm highly effective at working with clients toward reaching their therapeutic goals. I specialize in helping adults,adolescents,couples and families with depression, anxiety or relational conflict in their lives. In the past I've worked with at risk teens and their families through the PRYDE (Pepperdine Resource Youth Diversional Education) program and the Capistrano School District. I have a master's degree in clinical psychology from Pepperdine University, doctorate in applied clinical psychology from Chicago School of Professional Psychology & OB/GYN nurse practitioner degree from NYU.
Want happiness and inner calm? Want a better quality of life? I'm highly effective at working with clients toward reaching their therapeutic goals. I specialize in helping adults,adolescents,couples and families with depression, anxiety or relational conflict in their lives. In the past I've worked with at risk teens and their families through the PRYDE (Pepperdine Resource Youth Diversional Education) program and the Capistrano School District. I have a master's degree in clinical psychology from Pepperdine University, doctorate in applied clinical psychology from Chicago School of Professional Psychology & OB/GYN nurse practitioner degree from NYU.
(949) 272-1628 View (949) 272-1628
Photo of Deeann Peterson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Irvine, CA
Deeann Peterson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92612
My goal as a therapist is to help you feel better as quickly as possible. I have years of experience helping individuals, couples, and families with a wide range of issues, including anxiety and depression, marital difficulties, and problems with children/adolescents. Also, I have a strong background in Trauma, Sexual Abuse, Bipolar Disorder, and Borderline Personality Disorder. Please give me a call--I am here to help.
My goal as a therapist is to help you feel better as quickly as possible. I have years of experience helping individuals, couples, and families with a wide range of issues, including anxiety and depression, marital difficulties, and problems with children/adolescents. Also, I have a strong background in Trauma, Sexual Abuse, Bipolar Disorder, and Borderline Personality Disorder. Please give me a call--I am here to help.
(949) 439-3880 View (949) 439-3880
Photo of Lynda Koliba, Marriage & Family Therapist in Irvine, CA
Lynda Koliba
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92606
Often, it’s too much to think, be in your head and deal with toxic relationships. Then, in thinking or feeling, or a pattern of behavior or choices that are ultimately harmful. This can lead to a feeling of heaviness and oppression about the future, allow yourself the freedom to imagine a future filled with possibilities and opportunities. I will help you unpack the history of the problematic behavior and help you see how you actually feel about it. I intend to help you better understand the motivation underneath the patterns of thinking and behaviors that make you feel trapped and overwhelmed.
Often, it’s too much to think, be in your head and deal with toxic relationships. Then, in thinking or feeling, or a pattern of behavior or choices that are ultimately harmful. This can lead to a feeling of heaviness and oppression about the future, allow yourself the freedom to imagine a future filled with possibilities and opportunities. I will help you unpack the history of the problematic behavior and help you see how you actually feel about it. I intend to help you better understand the motivation underneath the patterns of thinking and behaviors that make you feel trapped and overwhelmed.
(714) 756-0826 View (714) 756-0826
Photo of Silver Lake Psychology, Psychologist in Irvine, CA
Silver Lake Psychology
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92614
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience. We are a collective of therapists with a wide range of specialties. Our intake professionals will help connect you with the right therapist for your needs. We make appointments easy, offering evenings and weekends and flexibility for creative professionals who can't make the same time each week.
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience. We are a collective of therapists with a wide range of specialties. Our intake professionals will help connect you with the right therapist for your needs. We make appointments easy, offering evenings and weekends and flexibility for creative professionals who can't make the same time each week.
(949) 284-2747 View (949) 284-2747
Photo of Leslie Fuentes-Nguyen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Irvine, CA
Leslie Fuentes-Nguyen
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92612  (Online Only)
My style tends to be person-centered and solution-focused as I believe in focusing more heavily on the problems you're experiencing right now and working together to develop effective strategies for improving overall life satisfaction. Using a patient-centered approach we will work together to bridge the gap between where you are in your life's adventure and where you want to be. My role is to facilitate discussion and prompt new ways of thinking in order to inspire fresh perspectives.
My style tends to be person-centered and solution-focused as I believe in focusing more heavily on the problems you're experiencing right now and working together to develop effective strategies for improving overall life satisfaction. Using a patient-centered approach we will work together to bridge the gap between where you are in your life's adventure and where you want to be. My role is to facilitate discussion and prompt new ways of thinking in order to inspire fresh perspectives.
(949) 694-1802 View (949) 694-1802
Photo of Courtney Leedom, Marriage & Family Therapist in Irvine, CA
Courtney Leedom
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92612
Courtney Leedom MFT specializes in treating depression, anxiety, relationship dysfunction, and childhood disorders. Courtney uses relationship-based psychotherapy as well as cognitive behavioral techniques.When treating children, she uses developmental techniques including play and art therapy.
Courtney Leedom MFT specializes in treating depression, anxiety, relationship dysfunction, and childhood disorders. Courtney uses relationship-based psychotherapy as well as cognitive behavioral techniques.When treating children, she uses developmental techniques including play and art therapy.
(714) 676-8402 View (714) 676-8402
Photo of Therapy With Jordana Inc, Marriage & Family Therapist in Irvine, CA
Therapy With Jordana Inc
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irvine, CA 92618  (Online Only)
Welcome to my practice. My name is Jordana N. Pezeshkan, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have over 8 years of experience providing therapy services. Throughout my career, I've had the privilege of working with a diverse spectrum of individuals, providing support to those coping with trauma, navigating crises, battling depression and anxiety, addressing attention disorders, managing relationship complexities, and exploring the intricacies of sexual orientation. I embrace an eclectic therapeutic approach, tailoring it to meet your needs and circumstances.
Welcome to my practice. My name is Jordana N. Pezeshkan, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have over 8 years of experience providing therapy services. Throughout my career, I've had the privilege of working with a diverse spectrum of individuals, providing support to those coping with trauma, navigating crises, battling depression and anxiety, addressing attention disorders, managing relationship complexities, and exploring the intricacies of sexual orientation. I embrace an eclectic therapeutic approach, tailoring it to meet your needs and circumstances.
(949) 978-0193 View (949) 978-0193
Photo of Laura H San Nicolas, Marriage & Family Therapist in Irvine, CA
Laura H San Nicolas
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CEAT
Verified Verified
Irvine, CA 92612
Is worrying waking you up at night? Does anxiety seem to sneak up on you when you least expect it, or make you feel like you can't live the life you yearn for? Are you tired of feeling so "frozen?" You're so much more than just your symptoms. Feeling anxious, frozen, or sad simply takes up too much energy that you could be using to feel happy, productive, and free. Isn't it time to get unstuck?
Is worrying waking you up at night? Does anxiety seem to sneak up on you when you least expect it, or make you feel like you can't live the life you yearn for? Are you tired of feeling so "frozen?" You're so much more than just your symptoms. Feeling anxious, frozen, or sad simply takes up too much energy that you could be using to feel happy, productive, and free. Isn't it time to get unstuck?
(949) 391-1421 View (949) 391-1421

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Irvine, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Irvine, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
90% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
69% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

64% Aetna
61% Cigna and Evernorth
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Irvine, CA see their clients

70% In Person and Online
30% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Irvine?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.