Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

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Photo of Karen Grayson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Karen Grayson
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63141
I work exclusively with therapists and coaches who want to bring Internal Family Systems (IFS) more fully into their lives and professional work. Heal your own trauma. Live more effectively from your best Self. Help your clients gain insight and transform their lives. The more Self-led, grounded, and confident you are as a practitioner, the more your clients will heal and the more joy you'll feel in your life and work.
I work exclusively with therapists and coaches who want to bring Internal Family Systems (IFS) more fully into their lives and professional work. Heal your own trauma. Live more effectively from your best Self. Help your clients gain insight and transform their lives. The more Self-led, grounded, and confident you are as a practitioner, the more your clients will heal and the more joy you'll feel in your life and work.
(314) 714-4233 View (314) 714-4233
Photo of Melissa V Taylor, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Melissa V Taylor
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108  (Online Only)
We all need help sometimes. Are you struggling with anxiety, trauma, life changes, issues around gender and/or sexual orientation, or relationships with unhealthy dynamics? I help people to work through things that may be getting in the way of what they want for their life. My hope for everyone is that they find more peace, strength, and joy in life. I specialize in working with lesbian, gay, queer, and transgender populations.
We all need help sometimes. Are you struggling with anxiety, trauma, life changes, issues around gender and/or sexual orientation, or relationships with unhealthy dynamics? I help people to work through things that may be getting in the way of what they want for their life. My hope for everyone is that they find more peace, strength, and joy in life. I specialize in working with lesbian, gay, queer, and transgender populations.
(314) 485-4767 View (314) 485-4767
Photo of Laura Kern, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Laura Kern
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63122
Laura's counseling style is tailored to each client's individual place of need. Laura believes the therapeutic alliance promotes healing by creating a safe relational environment of trust, validation, collaboration, compassion, empathy, and encouragement. Laura works with high school adolescents, college students, and adults, providing individual, couples, and family counseling. She treats issues related to trauma, anxiety, depression, women's health, chronic illness/injury, breast cancer support, academic & career challenges, and navigating relationship issues.
Laura's counseling style is tailored to each client's individual place of need. Laura believes the therapeutic alliance promotes healing by creating a safe relational environment of trust, validation, collaboration, compassion, empathy, and encouragement. Laura works with high school adolescents, college students, and adults, providing individual, couples, and family counseling. She treats issues related to trauma, anxiety, depression, women's health, chronic illness/injury, breast cancer support, academic & career challenges, and navigating relationship issues.
(314) 887-7896 View (314) 887-7896
Photo of Jessica Kay Dowling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Jessica Kay Dowling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
11 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63144
What do you notice happening when life's demands feel too much? Do you begin to feel consumed by a critical voice? Perhaps hopelessness or shame takeover, and you aren't able to focus on what you need. You keep returning to coping strategies that aren't working, and the chaos of life leaves you exhausted. You know that you are ready for something different. I am here to listen and help you understand the "why" within your struggles. Our work will focus on allowing for all sides of you to have a voice, to be understood, and to have the space to grow.
What do you notice happening when life's demands feel too much? Do you begin to feel consumed by a critical voice? Perhaps hopelessness or shame takeover, and you aren't able to focus on what you need. You keep returning to coping strategies that aren't working, and the chaos of life leaves you exhausted. You know that you are ready for something different. I am here to listen and help you understand the "why" within your struggles. Our work will focus on allowing for all sides of you to have a voice, to be understood, and to have the space to grow.
(314) 626-8906 View (314) 626-8906
Photo of Kara Lynne Ressel, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Kara Lynne Ressel
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63132
I value supporting adolescents and adults struggling with life's challenges: depression, anxiety, stress, relationship difficulties, and much more. We tend to isolate in these difficult moments believing we are alone in our struggles. My goal is to provide a comforting and safe environment to make changes to achieve your goals and create more positive interactions.
I value supporting adolescents and adults struggling with life's challenges: depression, anxiety, stress, relationship difficulties, and much more. We tend to isolate in these difficult moments believing we are alone in our struggles. My goal is to provide a comforting and safe environment to make changes to achieve your goals and create more positive interactions.
(636) 205-2391 View (636) 205-2391
Photo of Todd J Richardson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Todd J Richardson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, MSW, LCSW, BCD
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63103  (Online Only)
I imagine you are searching for help or answers to some pretty serious questions about yourself, your relationship(s), and/or your symptoms. As a therapist I work to help people, not only with their symptoms, but with seeking to better understand themselves, their relationships, and how they came to be who they are and who they hope to become.
I imagine you are searching for help or answers to some pretty serious questions about yourself, your relationship(s), and/or your symptoms. As a therapist I work to help people, not only with their symptoms, but with seeking to better understand themselves, their relationships, and how they came to be who they are and who they hope to become.
(314) 907-1002 View (314) 907-1002
Photo of Summer Morefield, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Summer Morefield
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63102  (Online Only)
I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting problems, SUD’s, career challenges, OCD and ADHD. I also helped many people who have experienced physical trauma or emotional abuse. My counseling style is warm and empathic. I believe in treating everyone with respect & sensitivity.
I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting problems, SUD’s, career challenges, OCD and ADHD. I also helped many people who have experienced physical trauma or emotional abuse. My counseling style is warm and empathic. I believe in treating everyone with respect & sensitivity.
(314) 907-3582 View (314) 907-3582
Photo of Camielle Joy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Camielle Joy
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108  (Online Only)
Now Accepting Coaching Clients Nationwide! Schedule NOW! -> Blessings! I specialize in guiding POC and LGBTQIA+ individuals and couples towards nurturing healthier relationships. Facing issues like stress, burnout, and communication challenges? You're in the right place. Together, we'll work on enhancing communication, deepening intimacy, and managing conflict with ease. My approach is empathetic and empowering, aiming to help you break generational patterns and thrive in your relationships. Whether you're on a personal growth journey or looking to enrich your partnership, I'm here to support you every step of the way.
Now Accepting Coaching Clients Nationwide! Schedule NOW! -> Blessings! I specialize in guiding POC and LGBTQIA+ individuals and couples towards nurturing healthier relationships. Facing issues like stress, burnout, and communication challenges? You're in the right place. Together, we'll work on enhancing communication, deepening intimacy, and managing conflict with ease. My approach is empathetic and empowering, aiming to help you break generational patterns and thrive in your relationships. Whether you're on a personal growth journey or looking to enrich your partnership, I'm here to support you every step of the way.
(314) 804-7927 View (314) 804-7927
Photo of Yasmira Emofor, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Yasmira Emofor
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CCDP-D
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108
Have you felt like you are missing out on life? Have you felt like you are in a slump that you can’t dig yourself out off? Like you been struggling for so long without a break from the stress of it all? Whether your struggle is depression, anxiety, phobias or trauma, I am here to offer a safe space for you. What you want to feel is empowered, capable and resilient to handle the challenge; or ready to face down any fear. I've helped countless individuals! Let me help you reclaim your resiliency today!
Have you felt like you are missing out on life? Have you felt like you are in a slump that you can’t dig yourself out off? Like you been struggling for so long without a break from the stress of it all? Whether your struggle is depression, anxiety, phobias or trauma, I am here to offer a safe space for you. What you want to feel is empowered, capable and resilient to handle the challenge; or ready to face down any fear. I've helped countless individuals! Let me help you reclaim your resiliency today!
(314) 742-8208 View (314) 742-8208
Photo of Kathy Dobbs, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Kathy Dobbs
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63132
Not accepting new clients
Therapy is a tool that has the potential to help you better manage a range of issues. Maybe you find yourself feeling so sad or anxious that it's taking the fun out of your life. Maybe your best just never feels good enough. Or you’re feeling depressed, lonely or angry and using a substance to cope. Maybe you've experienced trauma or abuse and you're struggling to move beyond the anger and pain. Or maybe you just feel like you need to talk to someone. If any of these describes you, let’s talk. I understand that seeking a consultation can feel overwhelming but while therapy can be hard work, it can also be very rewarding!
Therapy is a tool that has the potential to help you better manage a range of issues. Maybe you find yourself feeling so sad or anxious that it's taking the fun out of your life. Maybe your best just never feels good enough. Or you’re feeling depressed, lonely or angry and using a substance to cope. Maybe you've experienced trauma or abuse and you're struggling to move beyond the anger and pain. Or maybe you just feel like you need to talk to someone. If any of these describes you, let’s talk. I understand that seeking a consultation can feel overwhelming but while therapy can be hard work, it can also be very rewarding!
(314) 582-9502 View (314) 582-9502
Photo of Jill Carron, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Jill Carron
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63122
Jill Carron, MS, LPC, is a Licensed Professional Counselor specializing in working with children, adolescents, and adults with a variety of issues such as anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, self-harm behaviors, relationships, anger management, ADHD, trauma, and family conflict. Jill uses various types of therapy in her sessions including Person-Centered Therapy, Play Therapy, Mindfulness, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
Jill Carron, MS, LPC, is a Licensed Professional Counselor specializing in working with children, adolescents, and adults with a variety of issues such as anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, self-harm behaviors, relationships, anger management, ADHD, trauma, and family conflict. Jill uses various types of therapy in her sessions including Person-Centered Therapy, Play Therapy, Mindfulness, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
(314) 347-3090 View (314) 347-3090
Photo of Intuitive Movement Counseling, EMDR, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Intuitive Movement Counseling, EMDR
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63110  (Online Only)
My name is Christine Sibilla, MA, LPC and I understand that self-care and the health of our minds is incredibly important, especially when it doesn't feel like there is a path forward. During moments of uncertainty, additional anxieties, fears, and doubts can be brought to light. Sometimes the skills we utilized are no longer enough, and we require additional help navigating our situation. Healing and understanding comes from within, by forming a connection to your body and your self.
My name is Christine Sibilla, MA, LPC and I understand that self-care and the health of our minds is incredibly important, especially when it doesn't feel like there is a path forward. During moments of uncertainty, additional anxieties, fears, and doubts can be brought to light. Sometimes the skills we utilized are no longer enough, and we require additional help navigating our situation. Healing and understanding comes from within, by forming a connection to your body and your self.
(314) 936-4122 View (314) 936-4122
Photo of David T Koch, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
David T Koch
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63141
If you are anything like me, you have had a moment in your life when you asked yourself "How can I make the pain stop?" For me, therapy is one option for hurting individuals who want to work through pain to find answers to life's experiences & questions. I have had the privilege & challenge to walk alongside individuals, couples and families working to initiate the road to recovery that is so often littered with significant loss & conflict. If you are thinking of starting therapy and are feeling really anxious or hopeless, you are not alone!
If you are anything like me, you have had a moment in your life when you asked yourself "How can I make the pain stop?" For me, therapy is one option for hurting individuals who want to work through pain to find answers to life's experiences & questions. I have had the privilege & challenge to walk alongside individuals, couples and families working to initiate the road to recovery that is so often littered with significant loss & conflict. If you are thinking of starting therapy and are feeling really anxious or hopeless, you are not alone!
(314) 403-7588 View (314) 403-7588
Photo of Hilary Kelly, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Hilary Kelly
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63144
It takes courage to walk in and sit down with someone to share your story. An honest story that includes stress, anxieties, sadness, grief, and emotional suffering. My intention as a therapist is to create a safe and inclusive space for clients. This space allows individuals to open up and be present with the emotions, thoughts, and feelings that make up the human experience. I currently specialize in working with adults struggling with depression, anxiety, grief and loss, life transitions, and relationship issues.
It takes courage to walk in and sit down with someone to share your story. An honest story that includes stress, anxieties, sadness, grief, and emotional suffering. My intention as a therapist is to create a safe and inclusive space for clients. This space allows individuals to open up and be present with the emotions, thoughts, and feelings that make up the human experience. I currently specialize in working with adults struggling with depression, anxiety, grief and loss, life transitions, and relationship issues.
(314) 804-2286 View (314) 804-2286
Photo of Esther Boguszewski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Esther Boguszewski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63139
Not accepting new clients
Esther is a Licensed Master of Social Work who provides therapy services to teens and adults (15-years-old and up) at Ellie Mental Health in St. Louis. Esther strives to create a safe space where clients can feel free to be their most vulnerable selves, without fear of judgement. Reaching out by email is the best way to get in contact regarding therapy inquiries. Esther accepts Medicaid MO (HealthNet), Carelon, Optum, BCBS, and Cigna (Evernorth).
Esther is a Licensed Master of Social Work who provides therapy services to teens and adults (15-years-old and up) at Ellie Mental Health in St. Louis. Esther strives to create a safe space where clients can feel free to be their most vulnerable selves, without fear of judgement. Reaching out by email is the best way to get in contact regarding therapy inquiries. Esther accepts Medicaid MO (HealthNet), Carelon, Optum, BCBS, and Cigna (Evernorth).
(314) 675-7907 View (314) 675-7907
Photo of Rachel Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Rachel Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63139  (Online Only)
Hello! I'm so glad you're looking into therapy, and I know starting therapy can be very overwhelming. If you're feeling lost in your life, career, or relationships, therapy can assist you in finding what makes your life worth living. I can help you create a life that is intentional and full of things that bring you genuine happiness. You deserve a life that is full of joy and fulfillment. I enjoy working with queer folk, college students, young women, and people who want to become an active participant in their lives. Website: www.learntolovetherapy.com
Hello! I'm so glad you're looking into therapy, and I know starting therapy can be very overwhelming. If you're feeling lost in your life, career, or relationships, therapy can assist you in finding what makes your life worth living. I can help you create a life that is intentional and full of things that bring you genuine happiness. You deserve a life that is full of joy and fulfillment. I enjoy working with queer folk, college students, young women, and people who want to become an active participant in their lives. Website: www.learntolovetherapy.com
(314) 408-6137 View (314) 408-6137
Photo of Lisa Hadley, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Lisa Hadley
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63123
Not accepting new clients
No matter how big or small, we all struggle from time to time with life's challenges. When those challenges become overwhelming, it often helps to speak with a professional in a safe and supportive environment so one can make decisions, problem solve, and move toward personal goals. I provide counseling for a variety of emotional and behavioral concerns including anxiety, depression, self-esteem, relationship problems, and codependency. I use a variety of treatment approaches, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), tailored to meet the needs of each client and family.
No matter how big or small, we all struggle from time to time with life's challenges. When those challenges become overwhelming, it often helps to speak with a professional in a safe and supportive environment so one can make decisions, problem solve, and move toward personal goals. I provide counseling for a variety of emotional and behavioral concerns including anxiety, depression, self-esteem, relationship problems, and codependency. I use a variety of treatment approaches, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), tailored to meet the needs of each client and family.
(314) 527-2021 View (314) 527-2021
Photo of Mitch Edmondson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Mitch Edmondson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63109
If you are exploring the option of therapy, you may have already made attempts to improve your situation on your own. You may feel depressed, anxious or lack assertiveness. Though you desire to make a change, you may be skeptical about the idea of counseling. You may also feel that finding a therapist who listens without judgment and who balances honest feedback with empathy, is a confusing and difficult task. If this describes your situation, I hope that I might have the opportunity to speak with you about a practical strategy to bring about the change you desire.
If you are exploring the option of therapy, you may have already made attempts to improve your situation on your own. You may feel depressed, anxious or lack assertiveness. Though you desire to make a change, you may be skeptical about the idea of counseling. You may also feel that finding a therapist who listens without judgment and who balances honest feedback with empathy, is a confusing and difficult task. If this describes your situation, I hope that I might have the opportunity to speak with you about a practical strategy to bring about the change you desire.
(314) 222-2756 View (314) 222-2756
Photo of Healing Exchange LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Healing Exchange LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108
Are you ready to set healthy boundaries in your relationships? Have you been wanting to explore your sexuality but didn't know where to start? Is your non-monogamous relationship experiencing friction? Maybe you are the survivor, strong friend, and problem solver who appears to have it all together. Yet on the inside you feel overwhelmed while also wondering, "Is this worth going to therapy for?" If your boundaries leave you questioning yourself, if you want to explore your sexuality, or if you and your partner(s) want support, it's worth going to therapy for. Our relationship, sexuality, and trauma experts are here for you.
Are you ready to set healthy boundaries in your relationships? Have you been wanting to explore your sexuality but didn't know where to start? Is your non-monogamous relationship experiencing friction? Maybe you are the survivor, strong friend, and problem solver who appears to have it all together. Yet on the inside you feel overwhelmed while also wondering, "Is this worth going to therapy for?" If your boundaries leave you questioning yourself, if you want to explore your sexuality, or if you and your partner(s) want support, it's worth going to therapy for. Our relationship, sexuality, and trauma experts are here for you.
(314) 593-2416 View (314) 593-2416
Photo of Chris Scarberry, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Chris Scarberry
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63109
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with 20 years of experience working both as a therapist and doing community-based crisis intervention. I enjoy helping clients to maximize their potential by focusing upon their strengths and past successes. I believe that therapy is a cooperative endeavor that should assist the client in discovering his/her/their own abilities and coping strategies. I relish the opportunity to support clients through trying situations and to help them to process grief. I speak at conferences on HIV/AIDS, work with LGBTQIA clients, and other topics. I served on the HIV service funding Planning Council.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with 20 years of experience working both as a therapist and doing community-based crisis intervention. I enjoy helping clients to maximize their potential by focusing upon their strengths and past successes. I believe that therapy is a cooperative endeavor that should assist the client in discovering his/her/their own abilities and coping strategies. I relish the opportunity to support clients through trying situations and to help them to process grief. I speak at conferences on HIV/AIDS, work with LGBTQIA clients, and other topics. I served on the HIV service funding Planning Council.
(314) 877-8381 View (314) 877-8381

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Saint Louis, MO who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
71% Aetna
71% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Saint Louis, MO see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Louis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.