Therapists in Springfield, MO

Photo of Cecily Mitchell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Springfield, MO
Cecily Mitchell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Springfield, MO 65807
Since 2012 I have been working with adolescents and young adults navigating various different struggles of their life. Together, with their families (when appropriate) we work to develop a plan and a path towards health and healing. It isn't always easy, in fact it’s often counterintuitive and confusing. Healing isn't linear, but what I can offer is a chance to communicate better, connect, and return your home to a peaceful place. Whether you are struggling with relationships, yourself, school or work, I am ready to help you navigate whatever it is that is going on in your mind, and move you towards a more meaningful life.
Since 2012 I have been working with adolescents and young adults navigating various different struggles of their life. Together, with their families (when appropriate) we work to develop a plan and a path towards health and healing. It isn't always easy, in fact it’s often counterintuitive and confusing. Healing isn't linear, but what I can offer is a chance to communicate better, connect, and return your home to a peaceful place. Whether you are struggling with relationships, yourself, school or work, I am ready to help you navigate whatever it is that is going on in your mind, and move you towards a more meaningful life.
(417) 739-0674 View (417) 739-0674
Photo of Jennifer Byrd, Pre-Licensed Professional in Springfield, MO
Jennifer Byrd
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, PLPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Springfield, MO 65804
I believe humans all have the potential to develop, grow, and heal. As a Provisionally Licensed Professional Counselor, I work with individuals (teens and adults) and couples on issues related to depression, anxiety, relationship issues, career struggles, self-esteem, women’s issues, LGBTQ+ issues, life transitions, trauma, and grief.
I believe humans all have the potential to develop, grow, and heal. As a Provisionally Licensed Professional Counselor, I work with individuals (teens and adults) and couples on issues related to depression, anxiety, relationship issues, career struggles, self-esteem, women’s issues, LGBTQ+ issues, life transitions, trauma, and grief.
(417) 216-6636 View (417) 216-6636
Photo of Stacie Viele, Pre-Licensed Professional in Springfield, MO
Stacie Viele
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC
Verified Verified
Springfield, MO 65804
As a therapist I hope to create a space in which clients feel comfortable to explore what is holding them back from living a life that feels fulfilling. I believe that it is possible to live a life of balance in which stress and distress feel like something to cope with rather than something that overwhelms or overshadows the possibilities in life. I want to support learning and discovery as well as an integration of this new awareness into life so that clients leave with both self-knowledge and empowerment to maintain change.
As a therapist I hope to create a space in which clients feel comfortable to explore what is holding them back from living a life that feels fulfilling. I believe that it is possible to live a life of balance in which stress and distress feel like something to cope with rather than something that overwhelms or overshadows the possibilities in life. I want to support learning and discovery as well as an integration of this new awareness into life so that clients leave with both self-knowledge and empowerment to maintain change.
(417) 453-2892 View (417) 453-2892
Photo of Makayla Macdonald, Licensed Professional Counselor in Springfield, MO
Makayla Macdonald
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Springfield, MO 65806
Life can be difficult in a variety of ways and deciding to seek mental health support can be daunting. I aim to meet you where you are at in life and be present alongside you on your journey. Whatever path you are on, I am here to offer support along the way. I hope to help my clients reach empowerment to make positive changes in their lives. I believe in the abilities humans hold inside and find it important to validate their experience. Asking for support is a sign of real strength and reinforces the value of human connection. My belief is that the therapeutic process leads one to adapt, transform, accept, and grow within oneself.
Life can be difficult in a variety of ways and deciding to seek mental health support can be daunting. I aim to meet you where you are at in life and be present alongside you on your journey. Whatever path you are on, I am here to offer support along the way. I hope to help my clients reach empowerment to make positive changes in their lives. I believe in the abilities humans hold inside and find it important to validate their experience. Asking for support is a sign of real strength and reinforces the value of human connection. My belief is that the therapeutic process leads one to adapt, transform, accept, and grow within oneself.
(417) 212-5739 View (417) 212-5739
Photo of Rachel Grainger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Springfield, MO
Rachel Grainger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Springfield, MO 65806
I specialize in EMDR therapy and individual counseling for adults and adolescents with mental illness, challenging life changes, trauma, interpersonal conflicts and everything in between. I strive to create a non-judgmental space where we work together to lay everything out on the table, so that you can better understand what's holding you back and what's moving you forward. Through learning mindfulness, engaging self-compassion and reconciling the relationship to the body, we will heal the hurts and find a new way of engaging in the vibrant life around you.
I specialize in EMDR therapy and individual counseling for adults and adolescents with mental illness, challenging life changes, trauma, interpersonal conflicts and everything in between. I strive to create a non-judgmental space where we work together to lay everything out on the table, so that you can better understand what's holding you back and what's moving you forward. Through learning mindfulness, engaging self-compassion and reconciling the relationship to the body, we will heal the hurts and find a new way of engaging in the vibrant life around you.
(417) 616-0815 View (417) 616-0815
Photo of Kayla Lejeune, Licensed Professional Counselor in Springfield, MO
Kayla Lejeune
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Springfield, MO 65804
I work with women, young adults, and adolescents who are seeking support and guidance in overcoming challenges, including anxiety and depression as they strive to build a better future. I help individuals identify underlying issues, set achievable goals, and develop a personalized plan that promotes personal growth, resilience, and overall well-being.
I work with women, young adults, and adolescents who are seeking support and guidance in overcoming challenges, including anxiety and depression as they strive to build a better future. I help individuals identify underlying issues, set achievable goals, and develop a personalized plan that promotes personal growth, resilience, and overall well-being.
(417) 414-0333 View (417) 414-0333
Photo of Stephanie Basham, Licensed Professional Counselor in Springfield, MO
Stephanie Basham
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Springfield, MO 65804
You have a story. A very important and unique story. Sometimes your story keeps you stuck. It keeps you from being the best version of yourself. If your story involves trauma whether from sexual abuse, divorce as an adult or child, physical or verbal abuse, loss, relationship conflict, boundary confusion, religious confusion, natural disasters, accidents, etc, I can help you reprocess these memories and the negative things that you tell yourself. It takes a lot of strength to reach out and ask for help however, I will provide you a safe space to do just that.
You have a story. A very important and unique story. Sometimes your story keeps you stuck. It keeps you from being the best version of yourself. If your story involves trauma whether from sexual abuse, divorce as an adult or child, physical or verbal abuse, loss, relationship conflict, boundary confusion, religious confusion, natural disasters, accidents, etc, I can help you reprocess these memories and the negative things that you tell yourself. It takes a lot of strength to reach out and ask for help however, I will provide you a safe space to do just that.
(417) 212-5388 View (417) 212-5388
Photo of Jillian Nisely, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Springfield, MO
Jillian Nisely
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Springfield, MO 65809
Does someone acting “off” ignite your anxiety? Exploring your ADHD? Or an adoptee navigating complex feelings? Deal with all 3? I’m here to help guide your quest to heal. Attachment issues leave you cautious & uneasy with others. Your mind struggles to stop the spiral of fears it creates. You’ve learned to mask to seem “fine” to others-but now see how much it affected you. As a fellow adoptee & ADHDer, I too know the confusion & hurt these wounds bring. Ready to leave the guilt behind & finally embrace the full you? Here you’ll learn skills to confidently handle what life throws at you & take time to heal the hurt in a healthy way.
Does someone acting “off” ignite your anxiety? Exploring your ADHD? Or an adoptee navigating complex feelings? Deal with all 3? I’m here to help guide your quest to heal. Attachment issues leave you cautious & uneasy with others. Your mind struggles to stop the spiral of fears it creates. You’ve learned to mask to seem “fine” to others-but now see how much it affected you. As a fellow adoptee & ADHDer, I too know the confusion & hurt these wounds bring. Ready to leave the guilt behind & finally embrace the full you? Here you’ll learn skills to confidently handle what life throws at you & take time to heal the hurt in a healthy way.
(417) 216-6303 View (417) 216-6303
Photo of Ginger Holczer, Psychologist in Springfield, MO
Ginger Holczer
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Springfield, MO 65804
As a licensed psychologist, I provide adult individual and couples therapy. I specialize in treating people who may need to change unhealthy patterns in their life, improve their relationships, explore life events that are affecting well-being, discover past issues that may be causing difficulty, and many other issues. Although I work with clients who have many different types of problems, I am also an AASECT-certified sex therapist and work with sexual health concerns. I welcome LGBT clients.
As a licensed psychologist, I provide adult individual and couples therapy. I specialize in treating people who may need to change unhealthy patterns in their life, improve their relationships, explore life events that are affecting well-being, discover past issues that may be causing difficulty, and many other issues. Although I work with clients who have many different types of problems, I am also an AASECT-certified sex therapist and work with sexual health concerns. I welcome LGBT clients.
(417) 213-5839 View (417) 213-5839
Photo of Sarah Logan, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Springfield, MO
Sarah Logan
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, SMFT, LPN
Verified Verified
Springfield, MO 65807
Welcome to my page!! My name is Sarah Logan and here we are all individuals and have unique needs. Being a therapist expands how being a caregiver allows me to see you in a way that might have been missing before. My training in therapy has allowed me to see the "both/and" perspective. I am able to understand my clients' point of view from their side of the fence as I become more engaged in their journey. It is truly amazing what lending an empathetic ear and offering support can do for someone!
Welcome to my page!! My name is Sarah Logan and here we are all individuals and have unique needs. Being a therapist expands how being a caregiver allows me to see you in a way that might have been missing before. My training in therapy has allowed me to see the "both/and" perspective. I am able to understand my clients' point of view from their side of the fence as I become more engaged in their journey. It is truly amazing what lending an empathetic ear and offering support can do for someone!
(417) 882-6767 View (417) 882-6767
Photo of Richelle Massengale, Licensed Professional Counselor in Springfield, MO
Richelle Massengale
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Springfield, MO 65804
Struggling with grief, caring for aging parents, anxiety or chronic illness? If so, you're in the right place. Living with grief, being a caregiver, or fighting chronic illness are some of the most difficult things we can experience. I have been there and can offer support while helping you navigate this difficult journey. I can also help if you're a teen, feeling the strain of the economy, stressed, anxious or depressed, wondering what you are going to do to make ends meet, facing divorce, struggling with co-parenting, are the survivor of narcissistic abuse, need help reaching goals, anger mgt, or life in general.
Struggling with grief, caring for aging parents, anxiety or chronic illness? If so, you're in the right place. Living with grief, being a caregiver, or fighting chronic illness are some of the most difficult things we can experience. I have been there and can offer support while helping you navigate this difficult journey. I can also help if you're a teen, feeling the strain of the economy, stressed, anxious or depressed, wondering what you are going to do to make ends meet, facing divorce, struggling with co-parenting, are the survivor of narcissistic abuse, need help reaching goals, anger mgt, or life in general.
(417) 815-6365 View (417) 815-6365
Photo of Tiffany Crawford, Licensed Professional Counselor in Springfield, MO
Tiffany Crawford
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Springfield, MO 65807  (Online Only)
We are in this together, but sometimes we encounter so many obstacles we lose sight of our purpose and passion. Whether it is stress, burnout, overwhelm, or just feeling stuck, we disconnect from what makes our life meaningful and relinquish the power of our voice in telling our story. It is easy to get caught up in letting others and our circumstances direct the narratives about our lives-whether they are parents, peers, partners, or oppressive systems that seek to diminish and dehumanize people.
We are in this together, but sometimes we encounter so many obstacles we lose sight of our purpose and passion. Whether it is stress, burnout, overwhelm, or just feeling stuck, we disconnect from what makes our life meaningful and relinquish the power of our voice in telling our story. It is easy to get caught up in letting others and our circumstances direct the narratives about our lives-whether they are parents, peers, partners, or oppressive systems that seek to diminish and dehumanize people.
(417) 924-0116 View (417) 924-0116
Photo of Dr. C Steven Shaffer Phd, Licensed Professional Counselor in Springfield, MO
Dr. C Steven Shaffer Phd
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, NBCC
Verified Verified
Springfield, MO 65810  (Online Only)
Most of my clients are facing relational challenges due to areas that are out of balance in their lives. At the present time, I have about 100 clients. I spend much time working with people with high levels of stress, anxiety and depression. My greatest strengths are in Marriage & Family and Youth Counseling due to the fact that I look for root problems in the lives of people and find ways to retrain them so that they can be much more functional. I am also very effective with self-esteem issues. With additional counselors we can address substance abuse, weight management, child custody issues, divorce mediation, etc.
Most of my clients are facing relational challenges due to areas that are out of balance in their lives. At the present time, I have about 100 clients. I spend much time working with people with high levels of stress, anxiety and depression. My greatest strengths are in Marriage & Family and Youth Counseling due to the fact that I look for root problems in the lives of people and find ways to retrain them so that they can be much more functional. I am also very effective with self-esteem issues. With additional counselors we can address substance abuse, weight management, child custody issues, divorce mediation, etc.
(417) 620-0416 View (417) 620-0416
Photo of Andrea Frey Metzger, Licensed Professional Counselor in Springfield, MO
Andrea Frey Metzger
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Springfield, MO 65809  (Online Only)
Whether you are struggling in your relationship, dealing with loneliness from the multiple issues we've dealt with the past year (pandemic, grief, trauma), or simply needing to process some things with someone objectively, I believe the therapeutic relationship can be a platform for deep transformation and continued growth.
Whether you are struggling in your relationship, dealing with loneliness from the multiple issues we've dealt with the past year (pandemic, grief, trauma), or simply needing to process some things with someone objectively, I believe the therapeutic relationship can be a platform for deep transformation and continued growth.
(417) 212-5297 View (417) 212-5297
Photo of Leslie Dawson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Springfield, MO
Leslie Dawson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Springfield, MO 65802
“Tell me, what is it you plan to do with your one wild and precious life?” —Mary Oliver I use EMDR, CBT, and client-centered therapies with my clients. My approach is grounded in the belief that you are the expert on you! It is an act of courage to allow someone into your world. I will always be respectful of your unique experience. I'll help you navigate the terrain that is you and your life, but you will be the guide.
“Tell me, what is it you plan to do with your one wild and precious life?” —Mary Oliver I use EMDR, CBT, and client-centered therapies with my clients. My approach is grounded in the belief that you are the expert on you! It is an act of courage to allow someone into your world. I will always be respectful of your unique experience. I'll help you navigate the terrain that is you and your life, but you will be the guide.
(417) 248-2028 View (417) 248-2028
Photo of Sydney Vandegrift, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Springfield, MO
Sydney Vandegrift
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
Springfield, MO 65807
Waitlist for new clients
I am passionate about working with people; it is my mission to provide services that bring clarity and healing to people's lives. I have experience working with individuals who struggle with mental health and behavioral health needs. I utilize Cognitive Behavioral and Solution Focused therapeutic approaches when working with individuals. I believe people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are closely linked. I utilize these approaches to bring about awareness while also discussing potential solutions to problems. I will partner with you, challenge you, and support you through this exploration and healing process.
I am passionate about working with people; it is my mission to provide services that bring clarity and healing to people's lives. I have experience working with individuals who struggle with mental health and behavioral health needs. I utilize Cognitive Behavioral and Solution Focused therapeutic approaches when working with individuals. I believe people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are closely linked. I utilize these approaches to bring about awareness while also discussing potential solutions to problems. I will partner with you, challenge you, and support you through this exploration and healing process.
(417) 547-6047 x1 View (417) 547-6047 x1
Photo of Ren Elliott, Licensed Professional Counselor in Springfield, MO
Ren Elliott
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Springfield, MO 65802  (Online Only)
If you're LGBT+ or neurodiverse, you know how murky and chaotic this road can be. It's a difficult journey, figuring yourself out and untangling yourself from your trauma. I'm here to help. I take a comfortable, compassionate, slightly humorous approach to therapy where I focus on self-empowerment in the face of complicated systems of oppression, collaboration with my clients where we go wherever you want to go in your journey, and discovering the joy of living authentically.
If you're LGBT+ or neurodiverse, you know how murky and chaotic this road can be. It's a difficult journey, figuring yourself out and untangling yourself from your trauma. I'm here to help. I take a comfortable, compassionate, slightly humorous approach to therapy where I focus on self-empowerment in the face of complicated systems of oppression, collaboration with my clients where we go wherever you want to go in your journey, and discovering the joy of living authentically.
(417) 900-3101 View (417) 900-3101
Photo of Kristen Shuler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Springfield, MO
Kristen Shuler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Springfield, MO 65804
Hi, I'm Kristen and I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I specialize in working with adults who experience emotions very intensely, to the point that it interrupts daily life and takes a toll on relationships. My goal is to help you to get out of the misery by teaching you how to calm the emotional storms, regulate your mood, improve your relationships, and become more mindful. I specialize in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and I am state certified in this treatment. I am licensed to provide psychotherapy to Missouri residents. Many of my clients identify as being neurodivergent.
Hi, I'm Kristen and I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I specialize in working with adults who experience emotions very intensely, to the point that it interrupts daily life and takes a toll on relationships. My goal is to help you to get out of the misery by teaching you how to calm the emotional storms, regulate your mood, improve your relationships, and become more mindful. I specialize in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and I am state certified in this treatment. I am licensed to provide psychotherapy to Missouri residents. Many of my clients identify as being neurodivergent.
(417) 212-5372 View (417) 212-5372
Photo of Marissa L Casey, Psychologist in Springfield, MO
Marissa L Casey
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Springfield, MO 65807
My ideal client resonates with at least one of the following statements: 1) You are often told how smart you are, but you think you’ve just managed to fool everyone and are worried that one day they’ll see the “real” you. 2) You are a naturally excitable and passionate person, even if you don’t always show it on the outside. 3) People often tell you to “stop thinking about it so much,” but your thoughts don’t stop. You’re not sure you could even imagine a mind where nothing is happening. My clients want to feel like they know themselves, have confidence, and that past negative experiences do not determine who they are.
My ideal client resonates with at least one of the following statements: 1) You are often told how smart you are, but you think you’ve just managed to fool everyone and are worried that one day they’ll see the “real” you. 2) You are a naturally excitable and passionate person, even if you don’t always show it on the outside. 3) People often tell you to “stop thinking about it so much,” but your thoughts don’t stop. You’re not sure you could even imagine a mind where nothing is happening. My clients want to feel like they know themselves, have confidence, and that past negative experiences do not determine who they are.
(417) 884-1548 View (417) 884-1548
Photo of Melody Brave, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Springfield, MO
Melody Brave
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Springfield, MO 65804
You’re exhausted, anxious, and emotionally running on empty though you expect yourself to have it all together. It's all too much. As a responsible, empathic, and considerate person, you put major effort into all your roles--work, relationships, etc. But you re-hash conversations and second guess yourself, afraid to make a mistake. Did you get it right? What if you push someone away? You don't want to disappoint anyone, but the traditions and tools you learned no longer work for you or feel like they’re holding you back.
You’re exhausted, anxious, and emotionally running on empty though you expect yourself to have it all together. It's all too much. As a responsible, empathic, and considerate person, you put major effort into all your roles--work, relationships, etc. But you re-hash conversations and second guess yourself, afraid to make a mistake. Did you get it right? What if you push someone away? You don't want to disappoint anyone, but the traditions and tools you learned no longer work for you or feel like they’re holding you back.
(417) 350-8807 View (417) 350-8807

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Springfield, MO

300+

Average cost per session

$110

Therapists in Springfield, MO who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
85% Depression
75% Trauma and PTSD
74% Self Esteem
72% Relationship Issues
70% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

73% Aetna
64% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
64% Optum

How Therapists in Springfield, MO see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Springfield?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.