Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

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Photo of Carly Sparks, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Carly Sparks
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63108
KINETIC counseling specializes in trauma, depression, anxiety, relationship issues, familial stress, and parenting. With 14 years of experience in family social work, Carly provides private counseling services which focus on a comprehensive appreciation of the complexity of people's lives and choices. She utilizes Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy, Stress Reduction techniques, Mindfulness strategies, and Dialectical Behavior Therapy interventions. Carly works to incorporate a holistic approach embracing each person's interests, hobbies, educational background and belief system.
KINETIC counseling specializes in trauma, depression, anxiety, relationship issues, familial stress, and parenting. With 14 years of experience in family social work, Carly provides private counseling services which focus on a comprehensive appreciation of the complexity of people's lives and choices. She utilizes Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy, Stress Reduction techniques, Mindfulness strategies, and Dialectical Behavior Therapy interventions. Carly works to incorporate a holistic approach embracing each person's interests, hobbies, educational background and belief system.
(314) 310-0186 View (314) 310-0186
Photo of River Chew, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
River Chew
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, REAT-IT
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108
Hi, my name is River! I'm a therapist and I’m passionate about working with people who have been impacted by trauma and painful life experiences. I believe that our bodies and minds have innate wisdom and flexibility. When we are exposed to hardships we adapt to keep ourselves safe from danger. This may look like shutting down our emotions to cope, looking for warning signs everywhere we go, or being hesitant to trust those closest to us. These responses can become second nature, and we sometimes keep using them even after the danger is gone. In cases like these the behaviors that once protected us can start to cause pain instead.
Hi, my name is River! I'm a therapist and I’m passionate about working with people who have been impacted by trauma and painful life experiences. I believe that our bodies and minds have innate wisdom and flexibility. When we are exposed to hardships we adapt to keep ourselves safe from danger. This may look like shutting down our emotions to cope, looking for warning signs everywhere we go, or being hesitant to trust those closest to us. These responses can become second nature, and we sometimes keep using them even after the danger is gone. In cases like these the behaviors that once protected us can start to cause pain instead.
(314) 886-6423 View (314) 886-6423
Angela Johnson
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63122
Angela Johnson is an LPC, who has been practicing since 2014. She graduated with a Master's degree from Lindenwood. Angela takes an integrated approach to therapy because everyone is unique and has different needs. She also believes in the attachment theory and likes to look at a holistic viewpoint. She can do CBT and some DBT therapy. She especially enjoys couples therapy, OCD, Christian counseling, and grief, but also has past experience in substance abuse issues. And of course, anxiety and depression, which are the two most common reasons for therapy.
Angela Johnson is an LPC, who has been practicing since 2014. She graduated with a Master's degree from Lindenwood. Angela takes an integrated approach to therapy because everyone is unique and has different needs. She also believes in the attachment theory and likes to look at a holistic viewpoint. She can do CBT and some DBT therapy. She especially enjoys couples therapy, OCD, Christian counseling, and grief, but also has past experience in substance abuse issues. And of course, anxiety and depression, which are the two most common reasons for therapy.
(314) 916-9475 View (314) 916-9475
Photo of Taylor J Scott, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Taylor J Scott
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63108  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I provide a unique and practical approach to therapy that focuses on integrating the spiritual, physical, and emotional parts of a person. This union reduces anxiety and increases confidence along with creativity. We deserve to live from the little fire in our souls, creating the life we not only deeply desire but the one we desperately need. I would love to journey alongside you as you take back your personal power!
I provide a unique and practical approach to therapy that focuses on integrating the spiritual, physical, and emotional parts of a person. This union reduces anxiety and increases confidence along with creativity. We deserve to live from the little fire in our souls, creating the life we not only deeply desire but the one we desperately need. I would love to journey alongside you as you take back your personal power!
(314) 501-9092 View (314) 501-9092
Photo of Abby Claeys, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Abby Claeys
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63109
Not accepting new clients
As a foundation of my clinical work, I believe we are purposeful and intentional beings. We do things because they work (or did work) for us in some way. When these behaviors are no longer working we experience discomfort and stress within ourselves and in our relationships. Often this distress manifests itself in symptoms such as anxiety and depression, or physical health concerns such as headaches, gastrointestinal problems, or pain. Because of this, I acknowledge the importance of addressing each client in a holistic way, honoring the connection between our mind and body.
As a foundation of my clinical work, I believe we are purposeful and intentional beings. We do things because they work (or did work) for us in some way. When these behaviors are no longer working we experience discomfort and stress within ourselves and in our relationships. Often this distress manifests itself in symptoms such as anxiety and depression, or physical health concerns such as headaches, gastrointestinal problems, or pain. Because of this, I acknowledge the importance of addressing each client in a holistic way, honoring the connection between our mind and body.
(314) 326-4834 View (314) 326-4834
Photo of Finding Normal, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Finding Normal
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63139
Not accepting new clients
The team at Finding Normal believes that because our minds, emotions, bodies, behaviors, and relationships can all impacted by stressful, traumatic, and chaotic experiences, a comprehensive approach to support is not only helpful, but necessary.
The team at Finding Normal believes that because our minds, emotions, bodies, behaviors, and relationships can all impacted by stressful, traumatic, and chaotic experiences, a comprehensive approach to support is not only helpful, but necessary.
(314) 804-0636 View (314) 804-0636
Photo of Sam LeCointre, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Sam LeCointre
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63105
Welcome! It is my assumption that if you're searching for support, you might not be feeling your best, or honestly, you might just feel like shit. I show up for Clients who feel stuck for a multitude of reasons: wanting a career shift, having relational issues, processing relationship endings, those who struggle with the demands of parenthood, or maybe it's just the weight of the world. I work with adults who identify as over-achievers or people-pleasers.
Welcome! It is my assumption that if you're searching for support, you might not be feeling your best, or honestly, you might just feel like shit. I show up for Clients who feel stuck for a multitude of reasons: wanting a career shift, having relational issues, processing relationship endings, those who struggle with the demands of parenthood, or maybe it's just the weight of the world. I work with adults who identify as over-achievers or people-pleasers.
(314) 648-8847 View (314) 648-8847
Photo of Jennifer Pires, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Jennifer Pires
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63127
Change can be overwhelming at times. Sometimes the change seems so big it is hard to know where to start. The focus of my work is to meet the client where he/she is at and help identify steps for change. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Mindfulness, and behavior Management to help clients take steps to gain control of their life and makes changes.
Change can be overwhelming at times. Sometimes the change seems so big it is hard to know where to start. The focus of my work is to meet the client where he/she is at and help identify steps for change. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Mindfulness, and behavior Management to help clients take steps to gain control of their life and makes changes.
(314) 472-3889 View (314) 472-3889
Photo of Dr. Robin Moore-Chambers, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Dr. Robin Moore-Chambers
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSW, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63136
Are you depressed, anxious with panic attacks, self-harming, angry, and/or distressed from past or current abuse/trauma? Are you grieving a major loss or sometimes you may feel like you do not want to be here. You may have family/relationship issues, parent-child conflict or single-parenting. Or you may have "church-hurt" or other hurtful situations. Well, there is hope. As a Trauma-Informed therapist I know that your path can get heavy. But you are still unique and can still Awaken to Every Opportunity For You and become a better version of yourself. You do count, you matter and there are new Awakenings everyday!
Are you depressed, anxious with panic attacks, self-harming, angry, and/or distressed from past or current abuse/trauma? Are you grieving a major loss or sometimes you may feel like you do not want to be here. You may have family/relationship issues, parent-child conflict or single-parenting. Or you may have "church-hurt" or other hurtful situations. Well, there is hope. As a Trauma-Informed therapist I know that your path can get heavy. But you are still unique and can still Awaken to Every Opportunity For You and become a better version of yourself. You do count, you matter and there are new Awakenings everyday!
(314) 582-0246 View (314) 582-0246
Photo of Jessica Kershenski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Jessica Kershenski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, RPT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63108
Is your child or teen struggling with feeling worried, sad or angry? Are they struggling to adjust to and cope with stressors in their lives? Are you unsure as to how to help them? I would feel privileged to assist your child on their journey to building emotional balance. As a registered play therapist, I utilize both directive and non-directive play and creative therapy techniques, allowing clients the ability to express their difficult emotions, struggles, past traumas, and ultimately their strengths and coping skills.
Is your child or teen struggling with feeling worried, sad or angry? Are they struggling to adjust to and cope with stressors in their lives? Are you unsure as to how to help them? I would feel privileged to assist your child on their journey to building emotional balance. As a registered play therapist, I utilize both directive and non-directive play and creative therapy techniques, allowing clients the ability to express their difficult emotions, struggles, past traumas, and ultimately their strengths and coping skills.
(314) 931-3339 View (314) 931-3339
Photo of Tana Steffens, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Tana Steffens
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63117
Waitlist for new clients
I frequently work with people who have a lot of moving parts in their lives. Whether you’re navigating traumatic experiences, exploring components of identity, or wading through overwhelming seasons of life in other ways, my goal is to help you sift through it all and provide support to process at your own pace. I'm comfortable navigating many of the other pieces that come with trauma or overwhelm - managing episodes of depression, mitigating anxiety, and creating spaces that make life feel worth living.
I frequently work with people who have a lot of moving parts in their lives. Whether you’re navigating traumatic experiences, exploring components of identity, or wading through overwhelming seasons of life in other ways, my goal is to help you sift through it all and provide support to process at your own pace. I'm comfortable navigating many of the other pieces that come with trauma or overwhelm - managing episodes of depression, mitigating anxiety, and creating spaces that make life feel worth living.
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Photo of Andrea Kostadinovic, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Andrea Kostadinovic
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PLPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63104
Have you ever felt like your life is an emotional rollercoaster? I certainly have. Those rides can be thrilling at times, but can also leave you tense and terrified afterwards. Maybe you feel hopeless, mentally exhausted, stuck in a relationship, or overwhelmed with ongoing intrusive thoughts. Perhaps you are not satisfied with your overall quality of life, or you are unsure of how to move forward. Whatever brought you here is valid, and I believe that you are ready to work on it.
Have you ever felt like your life is an emotional rollercoaster? I certainly have. Those rides can be thrilling at times, but can also leave you tense and terrified afterwards. Maybe you feel hopeless, mentally exhausted, stuck in a relationship, or overwhelmed with ongoing intrusive thoughts. Perhaps you are not satisfied with your overall quality of life, or you are unsure of how to move forward. Whatever brought you here is valid, and I believe that you are ready to work on it.
(314) 907-2361 View (314) 907-2361
Photo of Kate MacLeod, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Kate MacLeod
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63127
Hello! I specialize in working with adults that are struggling with self-esteem, anxiety, depression, or other issues that are causing stress in their lives. My treatment approach is a mix of learning coping strategies to manage current issues (CBT), along with discussing childhood, family relationships, and past experiences that impact how we see ourselves, others, and the world today. The way we communicate, behave, and deal with emotions are developed over time and through a variety of experiences, good and bad. Being able to recognize these patterns and where they come from can help us create more positive and long term change.
Hello! I specialize in working with adults that are struggling with self-esteem, anxiety, depression, or other issues that are causing stress in their lives. My treatment approach is a mix of learning coping strategies to manage current issues (CBT), along with discussing childhood, family relationships, and past experiences that impact how we see ourselves, others, and the world today. The way we communicate, behave, and deal with emotions are developed over time and through a variety of experiences, good and bad. Being able to recognize these patterns and where they come from can help us create more positive and long term change.
(314) 274-1807 View (314) 274-1807
Photo of Diane Kohm, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Diane Kohm
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63141
Do you want to live more fully in the present moment making choices based on your life values and goals, rather than a life of negative thoughts and maladaptive behavior leading to anxiety, depression or conflict in your intimate, work, and family relationships?
Do you want to live more fully in the present moment making choices based on your life values and goals, rather than a life of negative thoughts and maladaptive behavior leading to anxiety, depression or conflict in your intimate, work, and family relationships?
(314) 582-2549 View (314) 582-2549
Photo of Herzog-Borowiak Counseling LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Herzog-Borowiak Counseling LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NAMP, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63141
Congratulations you took the first step in becoming a healthier you.! I have a personal mission of helping people reach their highest potential! I am an experienced therapist, educator, counselor, school psychologist, and advocate with 30+ years experience in the helping field. My counseling services are provided to children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families across a wide spectrum of issues. I will support you as you process feelings, face difficult decisions, talk through available options, strengthen your current relationships, learn cognitive behavioral techniques and develop coping strategies! Through this process you will learn ways to reach your highest potential.
Congratulations you took the first step in becoming a healthier you.! I have a personal mission of helping people reach their highest potential! I am an experienced therapist, educator, counselor, school psychologist, and advocate with 30+ years experience in the helping field. My counseling services are provided to children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families across a wide spectrum of issues. I will support you as you process feelings, face difficult decisions, talk through available options, strengthen your current relationships, learn cognitive behavioral techniques and develop coping strategies! Through this process you will learn ways to reach your highest potential.
(314) 736-3716 View (314) 736-3716
Photo of Helen McGlynn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Helen McGlynn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, MA, MEd, LCSW, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63117
2021, and the task of therapy is understanding the "mood" behind the mask that we all must wear. Isolated from friends, we struggle to work and manage family responsibilities within the walls of our home without the balance we would receive from our workplace, our gym, our clubs, or our church. Therapy is now online...but this format comes easily over a safe format allowing a relaxing and professional conversation in my online therapy office. You will be heard, and come away with strategies for managing your moods and recognizing possibilities in your current situation. You are not alone! Sign up for therapy help now!
2021, and the task of therapy is understanding the "mood" behind the mask that we all must wear. Isolated from friends, we struggle to work and manage family responsibilities within the walls of our home without the balance we would receive from our workplace, our gym, our clubs, or our church. Therapy is now online...but this format comes easily over a safe format allowing a relaxing and professional conversation in my online therapy office. You will be heard, and come away with strategies for managing your moods and recognizing possibilities in your current situation. You are not alone! Sign up for therapy help now!
(314) 925-9081 View (314) 925-9081
Photo of Krystal Skipper - Ellie Mental Health Concord Mo, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Krystal Skipper - Ellie Mental Health Concord Mo
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63128
WELCOME to Ellie Mental Health in South County STL. I'm so happy that you are here and are ready to start your or your loved ones mental health journey. I am the Clinic Director and would love to help you connect with one of my wonderfully, talented clinicians. We believe counseling can be a safe place to begin this healing. Myself and my clinicians aim to bring an authentic approach that includes humor, compassion, acceptance and creativity to the therapy room.
WELCOME to Ellie Mental Health in South County STL. I'm so happy that you are here and are ready to start your or your loved ones mental health journey. I am the Clinic Director and would love to help you connect with one of my wonderfully, talented clinicians. We believe counseling can be a safe place to begin this healing. Myself and my clinicians aim to bring an authentic approach that includes humor, compassion, acceptance and creativity to the therapy room.
(636) 202-1879 View (636) 202-1879
Photo of Ellie Mental Health - Hampton Ave, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Ellie Mental Health - Hampton Ave
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63139
Ellie Mental Health in St. Louis-Hampton Avenue, Missouri isn’t your average therapy clinic. We’ve created a comfy, judgment-free zone where you can be authentic, get real about where you’re at in your mental health, and receive the compassionate care you deserve. We strive to break down treatment barriers and provide you with customized counseling services that meet your therapy needs.
Ellie Mental Health in St. Louis-Hampton Avenue, Missouri isn’t your average therapy clinic. We’ve created a comfy, judgment-free zone where you can be authentic, get real about where you’re at in your mental health, and receive the compassionate care you deserve. We strive to break down treatment barriers and provide you with customized counseling services that meet your therapy needs.
(314) 860-8535 View (314) 860-8535
Photo of Betty Teal-Grant, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Betty Teal-Grant
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63128  (Online Only)
You may be angry, anxious, depressed, grieving, or just feeling overwhelm by life struggles. Taking that first step to seek out a counselor is the most important step to recovery. Regardless of what your struggles are, I believe that counseling can help. I cannot promise that the process will be easy but hope that in the end you will believe the work was worth it.
You may be angry, anxious, depressed, grieving, or just feeling overwhelm by life struggles. Taking that first step to seek out a counselor is the most important step to recovery. Regardless of what your struggles are, I believe that counseling can help. I cannot promise that the process will be easy but hope that in the end you will believe the work was worth it.
(314) 730-9988 View (314) 730-9988
Photo of Jamese Walton, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Jamese Walton
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63146
Are you navigating tough times such as single parenting, co-parenting, divorce, or challenges with infidelity? Are you experiencing conflict in your relationships, finding it hard to advocate for yourself, or recognizing the need for setting healthy boundaries? Are you finding it difficult to balance your faith beliefs with your mental health journey? As a therapist specializing in relational trauma, faith integration, and mental health, I offer a range of services to support you on your journey to healing and growth.
Are you navigating tough times such as single parenting, co-parenting, divorce, or challenges with infidelity? Are you experiencing conflict in your relationships, finding it hard to advocate for yourself, or recognizing the need for setting healthy boundaries? Are you finding it difficult to balance your faith beliefs with your mental health journey? As a therapist specializing in relational trauma, faith integration, and mental health, I offer a range of services to support you on your journey to healing and growth.
(314) 470-9346 View (314) 470-9346

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Saint Louis, MO who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
71% Aetna
71% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Saint Louis, MO see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Louis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.