Therapists in Columbia, MO

Photo of LifeArchitect Coaching, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
LifeArchitect Coaching
Licensed Professional Counselor, MAMFC, LPC, MBA
Verified Verified
Columbia, MO 65202
The world has only one YOU, and you were made to SHINE! Like an athletic coach, I apply my considerable training, experience, and creativity to help you carve out the steps to get from where you are to where you want to be, providing you support, accountability, and structure along the way. My ideal client is someone willing to do whatever it takes to become everything you are created to be. I provide life coaching to individuals, families, and organizations facing a variety of challenges both in the US and around the world via telephonic and web coaching.
The world has only one YOU, and you were made to SHINE! Like an athletic coach, I apply my considerable training, experience, and creativity to help you carve out the steps to get from where you are to where you want to be, providing you support, accountability, and structure along the way. My ideal client is someone willing to do whatever it takes to become everything you are created to be. I provide life coaching to individuals, families, and organizations facing a variety of challenges both in the US and around the world via telephonic and web coaching.
(816) 759-8210 View (816) 759-8210
Photo of Barbara J. Scott, Pre-Licensed Professional in Columbia, MO
Barbara J. Scott
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC, NCC, MSCC, CGP
Verified Verified
Columbia, MO 65203
Counseling is a wonderful investment in yourself and your relationships, but finding the right counselor is tough. I provide a safe space for clients to pause, reflect, feel, and find their way... Struggling with anxiety, relationship conflict/divorce, loneliness, grief, major life changes, or lingering issues from past trauma? I bring a depth of experience and professional training in communication, de-escalating & healing relationships, and trauma. I will bring an open, caring, inquisitive, and deeply compassionate presence to our time together. I'm here to sit with you—sometimes to challenge you—but always to really listen.
Counseling is a wonderful investment in yourself and your relationships, but finding the right counselor is tough. I provide a safe space for clients to pause, reflect, feel, and find their way... Struggling with anxiety, relationship conflict/divorce, loneliness, grief, major life changes, or lingering issues from past trauma? I bring a depth of experience and professional training in communication, de-escalating & healing relationships, and trauma. I will bring an open, caring, inquisitive, and deeply compassionate presence to our time together. I'm here to sit with you—sometimes to challenge you—but always to really listen.
(573) 515-2986 View (573) 515-2986
Photo of Empowerment Living, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Columbia, MO
Empowerment Living
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, BA, ICADC, CTTS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65201
Are you feeling frustrated as the result of alcohol, drug, or tobacco use issues? Are you experiencing feelings of helplessness and worry? Are you carrying the weight of blame and guilt? Would you like to untether yourself from the chaos of addiction and begin on a path of sobriety? I can help you navigate through this emotional process. During my 20+ years of experience in an Addiction Treatment setting, I have helped many individuals center around hope and courage to obtain a more stable lifestyle. Recovery IS possible for you! You do NOT have to hit "rock bottom". Take the first step toward your personal freedom from addiction
Are you feeling frustrated as the result of alcohol, drug, or tobacco use issues? Are you experiencing feelings of helplessness and worry? Are you carrying the weight of blame and guilt? Would you like to untether yourself from the chaos of addiction and begin on a path of sobriety? I can help you navigate through this emotional process. During my 20+ years of experience in an Addiction Treatment setting, I have helped many individuals center around hope and courage to obtain a more stable lifestyle. Recovery IS possible for you! You do NOT have to hit "rock bottom". Take the first step toward your personal freedom from addiction
(573) 267-5701 View (573) 267-5701
Photo of Diane Ferguson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Diane Ferguson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65203
Diane is a compassionate expert dedicated to transforming the lives of children, young people, and adults navigating challenging life transitions, trauma, anxiety, and grief. With a holistic approach rooted in education, she creates a safe haven of understanding and inclusivity where sharing is embraced and personal truths are honored.
Diane is a compassionate expert dedicated to transforming the lives of children, young people, and adults navigating challenging life transitions, trauma, anxiety, and grief. With a holistic approach rooted in education, she creates a safe haven of understanding and inclusivity where sharing is embraced and personal truths are honored.
(573) 282-6440 View (573) 282-6440
Photo of Dr. Jamie Meadows Clinical Psychologist, Psychologist in Columbia, MO
Dr. Jamie Meadows Clinical Psychologist
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Columbia, MO 65201  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I’m a licensed psychologist whose training and experience are in the area of Clinical Psychology. My work with individuals grows out of the perspective that people have innate abilities and unique experiences in life that combine to shape the ways in which they view themselves and others. I seek to help individuals understand the issues that may be preventing them from reaching life goals. I work with clients to help them create and maintain an understanding of themselves and the world around them. This kind of therapeutic work can result in a reduction of distress and an increase in positive interactions with others.
I’m a licensed psychologist whose training and experience are in the area of Clinical Psychology. My work with individuals grows out of the perspective that people have innate abilities and unique experiences in life that combine to shape the ways in which they view themselves and others. I seek to help individuals understand the issues that may be preventing them from reaching life goals. I work with clients to help them create and maintain an understanding of themselves and the world around them. This kind of therapeutic work can result in a reduction of distress and an increase in positive interactions with others.
(573) 444-1906 View (573) 444-1906
Photo of Caleb Cheavens, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Caleb Cheavens
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65201
We often tell ourselves, "I should be able to handle this." Persistence has served us well in the past as we have built our careers, but sometimes our self-reliance becomes a burden as we find ourselves suffering in isolation. We don't think of asking for help until things become desperate. We may find we are avoiding our problems by using chemical substances or doom-scrolling on TikTok. We want to feel good about work again, we want our relationships to bring us joy again. But we also may have stopped hoping our situation could get better, except on occasion when we privately dare to hope.
We often tell ourselves, "I should be able to handle this." Persistence has served us well in the past as we have built our careers, but sometimes our self-reliance becomes a burden as we find ourselves suffering in isolation. We don't think of asking for help until things become desperate. We may find we are avoiding our problems by using chemical substances or doom-scrolling on TikTok. We want to feel good about work again, we want our relationships to bring us joy again. But we also may have stopped hoping our situation could get better, except on occasion when we privately dare to hope.
(573) 693-4046 View (573) 693-4046
Photo of Julia Lee, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Julia Lee
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65201
I am licensed in Missouri with 10 years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, trauma and abuse, & motivation, self esteem, and confidence. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. I will tailor our dialog and treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs. Taking the first step to seeking a more fulfilling and happier life takes courage. I am here to support you in that process.
I am licensed in Missouri with 10 years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, trauma and abuse, & motivation, self esteem, and confidence. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. I will tailor our dialog and treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs. Taking the first step to seeking a more fulfilling and happier life takes courage. I am here to support you in that process.
(573) 763-4637 View (573) 763-4637
Photo of Kelsey Rosson, LPC Intern in Columbia, MO
Kelsey Rosson
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65203  (Online Only)
Feelings and emotions, ugh. They can make or break our day sometimes. It’s ok, let’s talk about it. Life is hard, but you do not have to do it alone. Everyday burdens can feel unbearable or too hard to manage on your own. It takes alot of courage to take the first step and ask for help. You are searching for a therapist because you know something has to change, you want to feel better, you need to overcome things in your life that have held you back. There is no better time than today to make yourself a priority, grow, and become your best self. My goal is to meet you wherever you are and help you achieve the life you want.
Feelings and emotions, ugh. They can make or break our day sometimes. It’s ok, let’s talk about it. Life is hard, but you do not have to do it alone. Everyday burdens can feel unbearable or too hard to manage on your own. It takes alot of courage to take the first step and ask for help. You are searching for a therapist because you know something has to change, you want to feel better, you need to overcome things in your life that have held you back. There is no better time than today to make yourself a priority, grow, and become your best self. My goal is to meet you wherever you are and help you achieve the life you want.
(573) 294-2254 View (573) 294-2254
Photo of Emily Arth, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbia, MO
Emily Arth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CDWF, RTTP, CHyp
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65203  (Online Only)
Stuck in cycles of people-pleasing, perfectionism, and over functioning? Do you desire to step beyond past trauma? Ready to break up with those old cycles that keep holding you back from a life of greater joy and authenticity? If these questions pull on your heartstrings, you’ve found me for a reason. I’ve been helping people overcome relational trauma since 2011, as I facilitate proven, world-class methods to deliver the powerful life change you seek. I work adeptly with those recovering from mother and father wounds, relationship trauma, as well as sexual abuse.
Stuck in cycles of people-pleasing, perfectionism, and over functioning? Do you desire to step beyond past trauma? Ready to break up with those old cycles that keep holding you back from a life of greater joy and authenticity? If these questions pull on your heartstrings, you’ve found me for a reason. I’ve been helping people overcome relational trauma since 2011, as I facilitate proven, world-class methods to deliver the powerful life change you seek. I work adeptly with those recovering from mother and father wounds, relationship trauma, as well as sexual abuse.
(573) 229-0579 View (573) 229-0579
Photo of Kevin Crosby, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Kevin Crosby
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65202
If you feel overwhelmed due to past trauma or an uncertain future, no matter the cause of anxiety, depression or psychosis, I am here to help you find the path to the abundant life you are after. I am available to work with children, teens, and adults. I can provide individual, couples, and group therapy. As social beings, I believe that all our relationships influence who we are and who we are to become. That is why I will focus on building a dynamic therapeutic relationship from the start. If this is what you are looking for, then you have found the right therapist. I specialize in men's issues, autism, and couples concerns.
If you feel overwhelmed due to past trauma or an uncertain future, no matter the cause of anxiety, depression or psychosis, I am here to help you find the path to the abundant life you are after. I am available to work with children, teens, and adults. I can provide individual, couples, and group therapy. As social beings, I believe that all our relationships influence who we are and who we are to become. That is why I will focus on building a dynamic therapeutic relationship from the start. If this is what you are looking for, then you have found the right therapist. I specialize in men's issues, autism, and couples concerns.
(573) 284-2903 View (573) 284-2903
Photo of Valerie Hooper, Psychologist in Columbia, MO
Valerie Hooper
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Columbia, MO 65201  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Do you want to thrive but feel you are just surviving? Are you spinning in circles not sure how to do it? As a licensed psychologist and owner of Vitality Psychological Services, my desire is to empower you on your mental health journey. Whether you are looking for a psychological assessment or therapy services, it begins with developing a relationship and gaining an understanding of the problem. I will take the time to listen and collaboratively develop a plan with you.
Do you want to thrive but feel you are just surviving? Are you spinning in circles not sure how to do it? As a licensed psychologist and owner of Vitality Psychological Services, my desire is to empower you on your mental health journey. Whether you are looking for a psychological assessment or therapy services, it begins with developing a relationship and gaining an understanding of the problem. I will take the time to listen and collaboratively develop a plan with you.
(573) 363-4356 View (573) 363-4356
Photo of Jan Stock Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Jan Stock Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65201  (Online Only)
There are so many persons struggling with low self-esteem/self-confidence, anxiety, a need to control the people and situations in their lives, a need to "please" or be the "peace maker", who are constantly driven to do more and be more, and who cannot seem to find joy and peace in their lives. These have definitely been issues in my life. At times I felt like I might go crazy. . .but I didn't know how to manage differently so that I could capture moments of peace and solace, without guilt!
There are so many persons struggling with low self-esteem/self-confidence, anxiety, a need to control the people and situations in their lives, a need to "please" or be the "peace maker", who are constantly driven to do more and be more, and who cannot seem to find joy and peace in their lives. These have definitely been issues in my life. At times I felt like I might go crazy. . .but I didn't know how to manage differently so that I could capture moments of peace and solace, without guilt!
(573) 240-8224 View (573) 240-8224
Photo of Ada Gallup, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Ada Gallup
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65203
My therapy style is solution focused, person-centered and holistic. I tailor my work with each client based upon each individual's specific needs, goals and interests. I do not believe that only one type of therapy will work for every client; therefore I use a blend of therapies in my work with each individual. I offer individual, family, co-parenting, play techniques, parent education and therapeutic supervised visits. My therapy office is welcoming and comfortable, which fosters the ability for individuals and families to feel safe as they explore their concerns and prepare to heal.
My therapy style is solution focused, person-centered and holistic. I tailor my work with each client based upon each individual's specific needs, goals and interests. I do not believe that only one type of therapy will work for every client; therefore I use a blend of therapies in my work with each individual. I offer individual, family, co-parenting, play techniques, parent education and therapeutic supervised visits. My therapy office is welcoming and comfortable, which fosters the ability for individuals and families to feel safe as they explore their concerns and prepare to heal.
(573) 677-4341 View (573) 677-4341
Photo of Candice J Kundert, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbia, MO
Candice J Kundert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LISW, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65203
Honoring each person's potential and everyone's unique path is what you will discover at our center. We all have inside of us the desire and capacity to feel loved and happy. Some of us need help to get there. We all want to be validated and to give and feel love. Changes in your family, friendships or community can challenge us to take different paths. Relationships require negotiation and skills. I would like to help you navigate those challenges and improve your interactions so you can feel more whole. Join me as we navigate the best path for you together, returning to hope.
Honoring each person's potential and everyone's unique path is what you will discover at our center. We all have inside of us the desire and capacity to feel loved and happy. Some of us need help to get there. We all want to be validated and to give and feel love. Changes in your family, friendships or community can challenge us to take different paths. Relationships require negotiation and skills. I would like to help you navigate those challenges and improve your interactions so you can feel more whole. Join me as we navigate the best path for you together, returning to hope.
(573) 583-3730 View (573) 583-3730
Photo of Julie Hendrix, Pre-Licensed Professional in Columbia, MO
Julie Hendrix
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65202  (Online Only)
I provide empowering, goal-oriented therapy to help neurodivergent young people move toward the future with confidence.
I provide empowering, goal-oriented therapy to help neurodivergent young people move toward the future with confidence.
(573) 284-3344 View (573) 284-3344
Photo of Debi Hake, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Debi Hake
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Columbia, MO 65203
Waitlist for new clients
Do you feel disconnected from your partner or spouse? Are you looking for ways to improve your communication, resolve perpetual conflicts or heal from deep wounds? Do you long for more peace and a sense of calm in your home? If you answered yes to any of these questions, I can help. I am passionate about helping couples, individuals and families find healing, restoration and hope. I strive to provide a safe, empathetic and non-judgmental environment where you feel validated and equipped to enact changes that help you develop the relationship, family or life that you want to have.
Do you feel disconnected from your partner or spouse? Are you looking for ways to improve your communication, resolve perpetual conflicts or heal from deep wounds? Do you long for more peace and a sense of calm in your home? If you answered yes to any of these questions, I can help. I am passionate about helping couples, individuals and families find healing, restoration and hope. I strive to provide a safe, empathetic and non-judgmental environment where you feel validated and equipped to enact changes that help you develop the relationship, family or life that you want to have.
(573) 240-8516 View (573) 240-8516
Photo of Merri Copeland-Cook, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Merri Copeland-Cook
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65201  (Online Only)
Ready for a change? Trust me, I get it... Life is not always easy and never seems to go the way you planned. Not to mention, taking care of your mental health can be difficult for so many reasons. Maybe you have been stuck for a long time and are afraid to ask for help. Maybe you have a full plate dealing with all of life's responsibilities, with not enough time in the day. Or maybe you just don’t know where to start. Take comfort in knowing that you are not alone! Let’s talk about it and figure this thing out together.
Ready for a change? Trust me, I get it... Life is not always easy and never seems to go the way you planned. Not to mention, taking care of your mental health can be difficult for so many reasons. Maybe you have been stuck for a long time and are afraid to ask for help. Maybe you have a full plate dealing with all of life's responsibilities, with not enough time in the day. Or maybe you just don’t know where to start. Take comfort in knowing that you are not alone! Let’s talk about it and figure this thing out together.
(573) 464-3617 View (573) 464-3617
Photo of Ashlea Burry, Pre-Licensed Professional in Columbia, MO
Ashlea Burry
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65203
I operate from a holistic and integrative approach; valuing each individual, their strengths and honoring their experiences. I believe you have innate behaviors and skills that you can draw upon to overcome challenges and move toward becoming a better you. I enjoy working with both individuals and couples, and can assist you in your journey to new beginnings. I primarily focus my work on helping clients navigate and work through depression, anxiety, trauma, intrapersonal and interpersonal issues.
I operate from a holistic and integrative approach; valuing each individual, their strengths and honoring their experiences. I believe you have innate behaviors and skills that you can draw upon to overcome challenges and move toward becoming a better you. I enjoy working with both individuals and couples, and can assist you in your journey to new beginnings. I primarily focus my work on helping clients navigate and work through depression, anxiety, trauma, intrapersonal and interpersonal issues.
(573) 652-3855 View (573) 652-3855
Photo of Chris Mawhinney, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, MO
Chris Mawhinney
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65202
If you are dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, or relationship issues, and you want to find peace of mind, balance, and resolution, then I may be the counselor for you.
If you are dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, or relationship issues, and you want to find peace of mind, balance, and resolution, then I may be the counselor for you.
(573) 284-2918 View (573) 284-2918
Photo of Jemika Gardner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbia, MO
Jemika Gardner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, MO 65201  (Online Only)
Have you reached a pivotal moment in your life, recognizing that the patterns that you have been stuck in no longer serve you? Maybe you have been trying to navigate the complexities of life alone, struggling with self-esteem, self-concept, and the overwhelming feeling that life isn't unfolding as it should. Despite enduring trauma, challenging relationships and struggles in both personal and professional spheres you have tried your best to "keep it all together" and you are exhausted. Each day it gets more difficult to put on the mask and get through the day.
Have you reached a pivotal moment in your life, recognizing that the patterns that you have been stuck in no longer serve you? Maybe you have been trying to navigate the complexities of life alone, struggling with self-esteem, self-concept, and the overwhelming feeling that life isn't unfolding as it should. Despite enduring trauma, challenging relationships and struggles in both personal and professional spheres you have tried your best to "keep it all together" and you are exhausted. Each day it gets more difficult to put on the mask and get through the day.
(573) 994-3720 View (573) 994-3720

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Columbia, MO

200+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Columbia, MO who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
84% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
71% Self Esteem
71% Stress
69% Coping Skills
67% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
71% Aetna
69% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Columbia, MO see their clients

69% In Person and Online
31% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
21% Male
3% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Columbia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.