Therapists in Nashville, TN

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Photo of Sarah Malanchuk, Counselor in Nashville, TN
Sarah Malanchuk
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37210
Not accepting new clients
I have experience and training to treat teens and adults who may be navigating difficult life challenges. I value listening and understanding from my clients’ point of views, and walking alongside my clients towards healing. This is done through developing a connection, trust, and a safe space.
I have experience and training to treat teens and adults who may be navigating difficult life challenges. I value listening and understanding from my clients’ point of views, and walking alongside my clients towards healing. This is done through developing a connection, trust, and a safe space.
(615) 488-4747 View (615) 488-4747
Photo of Hope Clinic for Women, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Hope Clinic for Women
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37203
Located in Nashville, TN our licensed counselors see Individuals, Couples, and Families. We offer counseling for: Pregnancy Loss (Miscarriage, Infant Death, Stillbirth, Failed IVF, Abortion), Adoption-Related Loss, Support for Infertility and Reproductive Health Concerns, Perinatal Mood & Anxiety Disorders (PMADs), STD Diagnoses, Grief, Loss, Relationship issues, Sexual Abuse and Assault, Boundaries, Assertiveness and Communication, Self Esteem, and Pornography/Sexual Addiction. We are a faith-based, safe, and confidential place, providing professional counseling regardless of age, race, or religion.
Located in Nashville, TN our licensed counselors see Individuals, Couples, and Families. We offer counseling for: Pregnancy Loss (Miscarriage, Infant Death, Stillbirth, Failed IVF, Abortion), Adoption-Related Loss, Support for Infertility and Reproductive Health Concerns, Perinatal Mood & Anxiety Disorders (PMADs), STD Diagnoses, Grief, Loss, Relationship issues, Sexual Abuse and Assault, Boundaries, Assertiveness and Communication, Self Esteem, and Pornography/Sexual Addiction. We are a faith-based, safe, and confidential place, providing professional counseling regardless of age, race, or religion.
(615) 551-3311 View (615) 551-3311
Photo of Leandra Mayfield in Nashville, TN
Leandra Mayfield
MM, MT-BC
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37211
Your therapy experience should be tailored to you! My approach to therapy is unique. Each session integrates creative and mindful elements to engage my clients and open the door to new realizations and greater understanding.
Your therapy experience should be tailored to you! My approach to therapy is unique. Each session integrates creative and mindful elements to engage my clients and open the door to new realizations and greater understanding.
(615) 637-6875 View (615) 637-6875
Photo of Alice Sanderlin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Alice Sanderlin
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, MHSP, S
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37212
Relationship conflict can feel frustrating and hopeless. I help individuals stop having the same argument and avoid repeating negative patterns. In my practice I work with individuals, couples, and families needing crisis support to address conflict, rebuild trust, and gain tools for improving communication and connection. Specifically, I work with people who are experiencing life transitions, experiencing loss or grieving, struggling with anxiety, depression, addiction, and relationship wounds.
Relationship conflict can feel frustrating and hopeless. I help individuals stop having the same argument and avoid repeating negative patterns. In my practice I work with individuals, couples, and families needing crisis support to address conflict, rebuild trust, and gain tools for improving communication and connection. Specifically, I work with people who are experiencing life transitions, experiencing loss or grieving, struggling with anxiety, depression, addiction, and relationship wounds.
(615) 502-1626 View (615) 502-1626
Photo of Katie Etchart, Pre-Licensed Professional in Nashville, TN
Katie Etchart
Pre-Licensed Professional, MMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37203
As we grow and evolve in this imperfect world, we may become disconnected from who we are and those around us. Life can be messy and overwhelming, and it can also be meaningful and full of hope. If you’re looking for a place to show up with all your humanness, this is the place.
As we grow and evolve in this imperfect world, we may become disconnected from who we are and those around us. Life can be messy and overwhelming, and it can also be meaningful and full of hope. If you’re looking for a place to show up with all your humanness, this is the place.
(615) 392-4570 View (615) 392-4570
Photo of Morgan Watts Guthrie, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Morgan Watts Guthrie
Licensed Professional Counselor, MTS, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37206
Many people come to therapy feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, worry, and insecurity, frustrated with themselves for repeating patterns that get in the way of having meaningful relationships. When you’re feeling stuck and hopeless, it’s especially hard to feel compassion for yourself. One of the beautiful things about therapy is that it is a space where someone else can hold compassion and hope for you until you are able to hold it for yourself.
Many people come to therapy feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, worry, and insecurity, frustrated with themselves for repeating patterns that get in the way of having meaningful relationships. When you’re feeling stuck and hopeless, it’s especially hard to feel compassion for yourself. One of the beautiful things about therapy is that it is a space where someone else can hold compassion and hope for you until you are able to hold it for yourself.
(615) 505-4033 View (615) 505-4033
Photo of Meadow Alsobrook, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Meadow Alsobrook
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37214
I have a passion for helping individuals and couples work through conflict by providing hands on tools for daily challenges. I also have a desire to help those who struggle with addiction in all forms, not just substances. I offer trauma informed therapy for individuals who have endured complex trauma of all kinds with Brainspotting techniques. If you suffer from anxiety or depression I provide more than just “talk therapy”. I have a background in the public school system in Nashville. I will see both adolescent or adult clients on a sliding scale, and provide superbills for reimbursement through insurance.
I have a passion for helping individuals and couples work through conflict by providing hands on tools for daily challenges. I also have a desire to help those who struggle with addiction in all forms, not just substances. I offer trauma informed therapy for individuals who have endured complex trauma of all kinds with Brainspotting techniques. If you suffer from anxiety or depression I provide more than just “talk therapy”. I have a background in the public school system in Nashville. I will see both adolescent or adult clients on a sliding scale, and provide superbills for reimbursement through insurance.
(615) 235-1503 View (615) 235-1503
Photo of Elizabeth DeVaughn, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Elizabeth DeVaughn
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37206
Healing the root cause of outdated relationship patterns and complex trauma can be an overwhelming, shit sandwich of a maze. With proven somatic techniques, accountability, and a little time, we can heal the root cause lurking in your tissues. I've worked in the mental health field for 18 years; in my private practice, I've been specializing specifically in relationships, codependency, and complex trauma for the past 11 years. Healing IS possible. I've seen it and lived it. I would love to chat with you about creating your new relationship blueprint!
Healing the root cause of outdated relationship patterns and complex trauma can be an overwhelming, shit sandwich of a maze. With proven somatic techniques, accountability, and a little time, we can heal the root cause lurking in your tissues. I've worked in the mental health field for 18 years; in my private practice, I've been specializing specifically in relationships, codependency, and complex trauma for the past 11 years. Healing IS possible. I've seen it and lived it. I would love to chat with you about creating your new relationship blueprint!
(629) 300-5576 View (629) 300-5576
Photo of Drea Pryor, Marriage & Family Therapist in Nashville, TN
Drea Pryor
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37215
It's my belief that within relationships we are both hurt and healed. I practice from a relational approach, specifically Attachment Theory. Attachment shapes how we view ourselves and others, and influences how we "do" close relationships. We may unconsciously carry feelings of anxiety, pain, humiliation, or even abandonment from our relationships. For example, early childhood experiences of sexual abuse, neglect, grief, loss, or vicarious trauma impact one's perception of safety and security. As a result, we may find it difficult to form satisfactory relationships in adulthood. Navigating through this process alone can be hard.Thankfully, you don't have to do it alone.
It's my belief that within relationships we are both hurt and healed. I practice from a relational approach, specifically Attachment Theory. Attachment shapes how we view ourselves and others, and influences how we "do" close relationships. We may unconsciously carry feelings of anxiety, pain, humiliation, or even abandonment from our relationships. For example, early childhood experiences of sexual abuse, neglect, grief, loss, or vicarious trauma impact one's perception of safety and security. As a result, we may find it difficult to form satisfactory relationships in adulthood. Navigating through this process alone can be hard.Thankfully, you don't have to do it alone.
(615) 903-0735 View (615) 903-0735
Photo of Allied Behavioral Health Solutions, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Allied Behavioral Health Solutions
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37203
We are glad you are here. Allied Behavioral Health Solutions is a provider-owned behavioral health practice based out of Nashville. We are dedicated to providing high-quality services that result in better outcomes for all. Our clinicians are trained in a variety of methodologies to be able to meet the needs of each client and family we serve.
We are glad you are here. Allied Behavioral Health Solutions is a provider-owned behavioral health practice based out of Nashville. We are dedicated to providing high-quality services that result in better outcomes for all. Our clinicians are trained in a variety of methodologies to be able to meet the needs of each client and family we serve.
(615) 619-1795 View (615) 619-1795
Photo of Lisa R Lyons, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Lisa R Lyons
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37228
If you are an adult and have experienced childhood sexual/emotional/physical abuse, an adult who was recently abused, or a person who has done their abuse work, but wants to restore sexuality, let us work together. If you are a partner who wants to understand, work through your own emotions and responses, I would like to hear from you as well. With 20 years at the Sexual Assault Center, as well as 1 year at the VA working with Military Sexual Assault, I would tell you, the path is hopeful.
If you are an adult and have experienced childhood sexual/emotional/physical abuse, an adult who was recently abused, or a person who has done their abuse work, but wants to restore sexuality, let us work together. If you are a partner who wants to understand, work through your own emotions and responses, I would like to hear from you as well. With 20 years at the Sexual Assault Center, as well as 1 year at the VA working with Military Sexual Assault, I would tell you, the path is hopeful.
(615) 908-3021 View (615) 908-3021
Photo of Christian Bumpous, Marriage & Family Therapist in Nashville, TN
Christian Bumpous
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPC, CDWF
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37203
You are a busy professional and you have arrived. For years, you’ve been planning and plotting your path and you are now well on your way. And, something feels just a bit off. Like, “wasn’t I supposed to be happy and content -or something?” For some reason, life is not feeling as full and rich as you’d pictured, and all the research on how to make things better thus far, has not yielded the desired results! Despite checking all the boxes (like, every last damn one), you are still left feeling more anxious, stressed, or depressed than you’d like. Why do things on the inside that don’t match what’s happening in your life?
You are a busy professional and you have arrived. For years, you’ve been planning and plotting your path and you are now well on your way. And, something feels just a bit off. Like, “wasn’t I supposed to be happy and content -or something?” For some reason, life is not feeling as full and rich as you’d pictured, and all the research on how to make things better thus far, has not yielded the desired results! Despite checking all the boxes (like, every last damn one), you are still left feeling more anxious, stressed, or depressed than you’d like. Why do things on the inside that don’t match what’s happening in your life?
(615) 285-6201 View (615) 285-6201
Photo of Marie Gilland, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Marie Gilland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37215  (Online Only)
I view therapy as an interactive process leading to the possibility of starting a journey that can guide you through your difficulties, enrich your understanding of yourself, and overcome the things that no longer serve you to cultivate a more grounded and fulfilling life. Centered in honesty and compassion, I will work with you to gain a deeper understanding of working through internal and current difficulties, help nurture your capacity for change, and acquire practical skills to shift the patterns of thought, feeling, and behavior that inhibits your growth and a more positive engagement in life and relationships.
I view therapy as an interactive process leading to the possibility of starting a journey that can guide you through your difficulties, enrich your understanding of yourself, and overcome the things that no longer serve you to cultivate a more grounded and fulfilling life. Centered in honesty and compassion, I will work with you to gain a deeper understanding of working through internal and current difficulties, help nurture your capacity for change, and acquire practical skills to shift the patterns of thought, feeling, and behavior that inhibits your growth and a more positive engagement in life and relationships.
(615) 235-1956 View (615) 235-1956
Photo of Chelsea Doyscher, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Chelsea Doyscher
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37207
As a member of the LGBTQ+ community in today's world, you’re constantly wondering whether you are in a safe place to be your authentic self. Perhaps you've been hurt by your parents, the Church, and people who were supposed to love you unconditionally, simply because of your sexuality or pronouns. You don’t want to lose these relationships, but you also know that something needs to change. Whether you're exploring your sexuality or gender identity for the first time, or came out a long time ago but are struggling due to unsupportive family, friends, or your own self-doubts, there IS a path forward to live freely and happily.
As a member of the LGBTQ+ community in today's world, you’re constantly wondering whether you are in a safe place to be your authentic self. Perhaps you've been hurt by your parents, the Church, and people who were supposed to love you unconditionally, simply because of your sexuality or pronouns. You don’t want to lose these relationships, but you also know that something needs to change. Whether you're exploring your sexuality or gender identity for the first time, or came out a long time ago but are struggling due to unsupportive family, friends, or your own self-doubts, there IS a path forward to live freely and happily.
(615) 984-3153 View (615) 984-3153
Photo of Grace (Bomar) Finn, Marriage & Family Therapist in Nashville, TN
Grace (Bomar) Finn
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37204
My name is Grace, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist serving individuals, adolescents, and families. I value using honesty, humor, and empathy to promote healing. Whether it is with the intention of being a better friend, parent, partner, professional, or person, doing your own work is one of the bravest and most rewarding things you can do. My goal is to make doing the work as safe, goal-driven, and empowering as possible.
My name is Grace, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist serving individuals, adolescents, and families. I value using honesty, humor, and empathy to promote healing. Whether it is with the intention of being a better friend, parent, partner, professional, or person, doing your own work is one of the bravest and most rewarding things you can do. My goal is to make doing the work as safe, goal-driven, and empowering as possible.
(615) 987-0542 View (615) 987-0542
Photo of Angela Moscheo Benson in Nashville, TN
Angela Moscheo Benson
MDiv, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37204
I began counseling in New York when I was working as a chaplain during graduate school. I began in community centers, hospitals and prisons. During that time I discovered I have a genuine connection and desire to work with people suffering from the disease of addiction. When I returned to Nashville (the city of my birth), I began teaching middle school and high school, primarily with underserved populations. There I found that same connection with hard to reach youth, adolescents and their families. It is my sincere goal to help individuals, couples and families find a path to mental and emotional health and serenity.
I began counseling in New York when I was working as a chaplain during graduate school. I began in community centers, hospitals and prisons. During that time I discovered I have a genuine connection and desire to work with people suffering from the disease of addiction. When I returned to Nashville (the city of my birth), I began teaching middle school and high school, primarily with underserved populations. There I found that same connection with hard to reach youth, adolescents and their families. It is my sincere goal to help individuals, couples and families find a path to mental and emotional health and serenity.
(615) 235-6664 View (615) 235-6664
Photo of Lj Ratliff, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Lj Ratliff, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37216
I believe the therapeutic relationship heals and will keep good boundaries while also genuinely caring about your well-being. I am a warm, intelligent, down-to-earth person who snorts when she laughs. I am interactive and fun, compassionate and heart-centered, as well as grounded and practical. I welcome all people from all walks of life and will allow your therapy journey to unfold organically, at your pace and with your power. I also give feedback and homework and will give you gentle nudges from time to time, if needed. Therapy is hard and fun and beautiful and painful. I hold safe space.
I believe the therapeutic relationship heals and will keep good boundaries while also genuinely caring about your well-being. I am a warm, intelligent, down-to-earth person who snorts when she laughs. I am interactive and fun, compassionate and heart-centered, as well as grounded and practical. I welcome all people from all walks of life and will allow your therapy journey to unfold organically, at your pace and with your power. I also give feedback and homework and will give you gentle nudges from time to time, if needed. Therapy is hard and fun and beautiful and painful. I hold safe space.
(615) 258-6503 View (615) 258-6503
Photo of Robert DeSalvo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Robert DeSalvo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37212
Effective. Fast. Convenient. Teletherapy from the comfort, convenience, and security of your home. It requires immense courage to change and making the decision to pursue counseling is one of the bravest steps you can take. Keeping that in mind, I feel honored to assist you in taking that step. I have extensive experience working with adults on a wide range of issues and I welcome diversity in my clients. I believe in providing a warm, supportive, judgement free environment for the therapy process, and I use a variety of therapeutic approaches based on your specific needs.
Effective. Fast. Convenient. Teletherapy from the comfort, convenience, and security of your home. It requires immense courage to change and making the decision to pursue counseling is one of the bravest steps you can take. Keeping that in mind, I feel honored to assist you in taking that step. I have extensive experience working with adults on a wide range of issues and I welcome diversity in my clients. I believe in providing a warm, supportive, judgement free environment for the therapy process, and I use a variety of therapeutic approaches based on your specific needs.
(615) 671-4269 View (615) 671-4269
Photo of Janetta Fleming, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Janetta Fleming
Licensed Professional Counselor, RN, LPC, MHSP, PMHC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37203
I am available to work with individuals experiencing distress, especially anxiety and depression, women with mood disorders surrounding infertility and pregnancy, infant loss, and miscarriage as well as couples with relational conflict. Contemporary life is full of loneliness, stress, trauma and many faces of grief. Whether it be through setting long or short term therapeutic goals, I can help you create a new spirit of resilience.
I am available to work with individuals experiencing distress, especially anxiety and depression, women with mood disorders surrounding infertility and pregnancy, infant loss, and miscarriage as well as couples with relational conflict. Contemporary life is full of loneliness, stress, trauma and many faces of grief. Whether it be through setting long or short term therapeutic goals, I can help you create a new spirit of resilience.
(615) 987-0982 View (615) 987-0982
Photo of Rich Gorman, Pre-Licensed Professional in Nashville, TN
Rich Gorman
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MEd, LPC, MHSP, (temp)
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37204
I work with adult individuals and couples who are experiencing anxiety, depression, addiction, grief/loss, religious trauma and/or adverse religious experiences, cancer diagnosis and treatment as well as people working through life transitions such as divorce, job loss or retirement. I also work with artists who are working through creative blocks to reconnect with their creative soul. I specialize in working with couples who feel they have lost love and connection as well as couples who have experienced infidelity. I help these adult individuals and couples find their way along the path of growth, freedom, healing and restoration.
I work with adult individuals and couples who are experiencing anxiety, depression, addiction, grief/loss, religious trauma and/or adverse religious experiences, cancer diagnosis and treatment as well as people working through life transitions such as divorce, job loss or retirement. I also work with artists who are working through creative blocks to reconnect with their creative soul. I specialize in working with couples who feel they have lost love and connection as well as couples who have experienced infidelity. I help these adult individuals and couples find their way along the path of growth, freedom, healing and restoration.
(615) 701-6879 View (615) 701-6879

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Nashville, TN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Nashville, TN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
84% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
69% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% Cigna and Evernorth
73% Aetna
65% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Nashville, TN see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Nashville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.