Therapists in Civic Center, San Francisco, CA

Photo of David Brown, Marriage & Family Therapist in Civic Center, San Francisco, CA
David Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
12 Endorsed
Civic Center, San Francisco, CA 94102
As a licensed therapist based in San Francisco, I help individuals, couples, and families dive beneath the surface-level issues to discover the underlying causes of their distress. Many men, women, and non-binary individuals who choose to work with me are at the grips of anxiety, depression, addiction, grief, or relationship challenges. Many are highly motivated professionals who are self-reliant and achievement-focused but often struggle with self-defeating thoughts and patterns that keep them stuck.
As a licensed therapist based in San Francisco, I help individuals, couples, and families dive beneath the surface-level issues to discover the underlying causes of their distress. Many men, women, and non-binary individuals who choose to work with me are at the grips of anxiety, depression, addiction, grief, or relationship challenges. Many are highly motivated professionals who are self-reliant and achievement-focused but often struggle with self-defeating thoughts and patterns that keep them stuck.
(415) 967-5261 View (415) 967-5261
Photo of Dr. Cecilia Winfield, Pre-Licensed Professional in Civic Center, San Francisco, CA
Dr. Cecilia Winfield
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Civic Center, San Francisco, CA 94102
We often come to therapy because something in our life has emerged in a way we find challenging to navigate on our own. I approach our work together with this in mind, and as an honored participant in your journey toward growth and deepened insight. My therapeutic style is rooted in relational psychodynamic, IFS, and ACT interventions and centered in values of patience, humility, empathy, and humor. I strive to see you through the lens of your unique life experiences and to work collaboratively so we can effectively address your concerns. My hope is that, together, we can help you live a life that feels authentic and empowered.
We often come to therapy because something in our life has emerged in a way we find challenging to navigate on our own. I approach our work together with this in mind, and as an honored participant in your journey toward growth and deepened insight. My therapeutic style is rooted in relational psychodynamic, IFS, and ACT interventions and centered in values of patience, humility, empathy, and humor. I strive to see you through the lens of your unique life experiences and to work collaboratively so we can effectively address your concerns. My hope is that, together, we can help you live a life that feels authentic and empowered.
(415) 980-6482 View (415) 980-6482
Photo of Thomas Meade - Brown Therapy Center, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Civic Center, San Francisco, CA
Thomas Meade - Brown Therapy Center
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Civic Center, San Francisco, CA 94102
Often, our past relationships leave us wounded. The story that we tell ourselves becomes permeated with negative thoughts, low self-worth, and shame. As these feelings manifest, we become anxious and depressed. Therapy can help us discover perspectives that create a new narrative, one in which we have different ways to manage our emotions and lead a more enjoyable life.
Often, our past relationships leave us wounded. The story that we tell ourselves becomes permeated with negative thoughts, low self-worth, and shame. As these feelings manifest, we become anxious and depressed. Therapy can help us discover perspectives that create a new narrative, one in which we have different ways to manage our emotions and lead a more enjoyable life.
(415) 326-9802 View (415) 326-9802
Photo of Peter Geiger, Marriage & Family Therapist in Civic Center, San Francisco, CA
Peter Geiger
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Civic Center, San Francisco, CA 94146  (Online Only)
You're feeling generally dissatisfied, like you drew the short straw. You make it look not too bad on the outside, yet feel unfulfilled in relationships with lover, family, friends, coworkers. You have concerns about overdoing something (drinking, working, internet), or a generalized anxiety, perfectionism, or people-pleasing. I am a highly interactive therapist. I know when to bring in humor--and when to go to the dark places with you. Together we will look at how you got here. Through identifying your beliefs, attitudes and needs around relationships and intimacy, we will find the key to unlocking your wellbeing.
You're feeling generally dissatisfied, like you drew the short straw. You make it look not too bad on the outside, yet feel unfulfilled in relationships with lover, family, friends, coworkers. You have concerns about overdoing something (drinking, working, internet), or a generalized anxiety, perfectionism, or people-pleasing. I am a highly interactive therapist. I know when to bring in humor--and when to go to the dark places with you. Together we will look at how you got here. Through identifying your beliefs, attitudes and needs around relationships and intimacy, we will find the key to unlocking your wellbeing.
(415) 786-6680 View (415) 786-6680
Photo of V'Anne Singleton, MFT - Therapist and Life Coach, Marriage & Family Therapist in Civic Center, San Francisco, CA
V'Anne Singleton, MFT - Therapist and Life Coach
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Civic Center, San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
I believe my principal role as a therapist is to create a safe place for people to find their unique paths to emotional well-being and meaningful relationships. Whether you are going through a life transition, feeling depressed or anxious, experiencing a relationship conflict, or struggling with an addiction, making a change is always easier when you have an experienced professional to guide you through it. I can be that guide. Invest the time and energy to improve your emotional health in the same way you strive to improve your physical health. Our emotions need exercise and our relationships need nurturing.
I believe my principal role as a therapist is to create a safe place for people to find their unique paths to emotional well-being and meaningful relationships. Whether you are going through a life transition, feeling depressed or anxious, experiencing a relationship conflict, or struggling with an addiction, making a change is always easier when you have an experienced professional to guide you through it. I can be that guide. Invest the time and energy to improve your emotional health in the same way you strive to improve your physical health. Our emotions need exercise and our relationships need nurturing.
(415) 326-8940 View (415) 326-8940
Photo of Rachel Packer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Civic Center, San Francisco, CA
Rachel Packer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Civic Center, San Francisco, CA 94102
Each client walks through my door with their own struggle. And although each person comes with their own unique story, the one thing that clients do share is a search for a more fulfilled life or a greater sense of self. I support clients as they navigate life's harder transitions - a loss of a relationship, the transition to becoming a parent, a job transition, or simply figuring out who they truly are and want to be. We work together to notice and shift your inner critic that so frequently gets in the way. Additionally, I support couples as they work through the challenges and desires that come with a relationship.
Each client walks through my door with their own struggle. And although each person comes with their own unique story, the one thing that clients do share is a search for a more fulfilled life or a greater sense of self. I support clients as they navigate life's harder transitions - a loss of a relationship, the transition to becoming a parent, a job transition, or simply figuring out who they truly are and want to be. We work together to notice and shift your inner critic that so frequently gets in the way. Additionally, I support couples as they work through the challenges and desires that come with a relationship.
(415) 553-5529 View (415) 553-5529
Photo of Jennifer Komm, Marriage & Family Therapist in Civic Center, San Francisco, CA
Jennifer Komm
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Civic Center, San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
I enjoy supporting my clients' curiosity to uncover and explore what contributes to who they are and how they connect with the people in their lives. I work especially well with traumatic experiences, troubled upbringing, grief and anxiety. If you want to understand or change the way you relate to yourself, your story and the world and maybe are longing for a more authentic self expression and acceptance or sense of iner strength, we might be a good fit. I believe that sustainable change happens from the inside and you have the capacity to create this change.
I enjoy supporting my clients' curiosity to uncover and explore what contributes to who they are and how they connect with the people in their lives. I work especially well with traumatic experiences, troubled upbringing, grief and anxiety. If you want to understand or change the way you relate to yourself, your story and the world and maybe are longing for a more authentic self expression and acceptance or sense of iner strength, we might be a good fit. I believe that sustainable change happens from the inside and you have the capacity to create this change.
(415) 723-4196 View (415) 723-4196
Photo of Yalith Fonfa, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Civic Center, San Francisco, CA
Yalith Fonfa
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Civic Center, San Francisco, CA 94102
Would you like to feel more at ease and present in your life? Are you ready to work through and move on from past experiences that are still hurting you? Are you struggling with substances or behaviors that are no longer serving you? Do you want to understand yourself better so you can live your life fully and authentically? I help my clients recover, heal and transform their lives.
Would you like to feel more at ease and present in your life? Are you ready to work through and move on from past experiences that are still hurting you? Are you struggling with substances or behaviors that are no longer serving you? Do you want to understand yourself better so you can live your life fully and authentically? I help my clients recover, heal and transform their lives.
(415) 363-6239 View (415) 363-6239
Photo of Alison Little, Marriage & Family Therapist in Civic Center, San Francisco, CA
Alison Little
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Civic Center, San Francisco, CA 94102
My style as a therapist is warm, direct and curious. I strive to form collaborative relationships with clients and utilize a mix of goal setting, treatment planning and exploratory/ open ended work depending on the client's needs and wants. I have 6 years of post graduate specialized training in Gestalt Therapy, a form of psychotherapy that is centered on increasing a person's awareness, freedom, and self-direction. Through my post graduate study, I also gained exposure to systems theory which has informed my therapeutic approach. I also have training in Internal Family Systems (Level 1) and 9 years of clinical experience.
My style as a therapist is warm, direct and curious. I strive to form collaborative relationships with clients and utilize a mix of goal setting, treatment planning and exploratory/ open ended work depending on the client's needs and wants. I have 6 years of post graduate specialized training in Gestalt Therapy, a form of psychotherapy that is centered on increasing a person's awareness, freedom, and self-direction. Through my post graduate study, I also gained exposure to systems theory which has informed my therapeutic approach. I also have training in Internal Family Systems (Level 1) and 9 years of clinical experience.
(650) 482-8455 View (650) 482-8455
Photo of Jennifer Newnam, Marriage & Family Therapist in Civic Center, San Francisco, CA
Jennifer Newnam
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Civic Center, San Francisco, CA 94142  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Life and personal challenges can feel overwhelming and be difficult to navigate alone. I believe in providing you a safe and supportive space to share your story and work with you to find healing and a new way forward. Together, we will work on strategies to address the root causes of your difficulties while deepening your self-awareness and self-compassion.
Life and personal challenges can feel overwhelming and be difficult to navigate alone. I believe in providing you a safe and supportive space to share your story and work with you to find healing and a new way forward. Together, we will work on strategies to address the root causes of your difficulties while deepening your self-awareness and self-compassion.
(628) 245-0394 View (628) 245-0394
Photo of Brian Brown, Psychologist in Civic Center, San Francisco, CA
Brian Brown
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Civic Center, San Francisco, CA 94102
Meaningful relationships are an essential part of fulfillment and happiness. I believe in the unique power of the relationship that develops between therapist and client. Through an exploration of this interaction, we can more wholly understand your past and current relationships and help shape future experiences. I work with people who are struggling in a variety of ways and are ready to dig in and do some difficult and deeply powerful work that will lead to greater choice and freedom. I view my opportunity to join individuals in their journey toward self-understanding as a great privilege and find the work exciting and gratifying.
Meaningful relationships are an essential part of fulfillment and happiness. I believe in the unique power of the relationship that develops between therapist and client. Through an exploration of this interaction, we can more wholly understand your past and current relationships and help shape future experiences. I work with people who are struggling in a variety of ways and are ready to dig in and do some difficult and deeply powerful work that will lead to greater choice and freedom. I view my opportunity to join individuals in their journey toward self-understanding as a great privilege and find the work exciting and gratifying.
(341) 444-2487 View (341) 444-2487
Photo of Laura Wald, Psychologist in Civic Center, San Francisco, CA
Laura Wald
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Civic Center, San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
I am a licensed psychologist with 20+ years of experience. My style is warm, collaborative and down to earth. Along with helping you identify patterns and stuck places, I offer new perspectives and coping skills training to help you overcome challenges and live a fulfilling life.
I am a licensed psychologist with 20+ years of experience. My style is warm, collaborative and down to earth. Along with helping you identify patterns and stuck places, I offer new perspectives and coping skills training to help you overcome challenges and live a fulfilling life.
(415) 702-0982 View (415) 702-0982
Photo of Francesco Cerminara, Marriage & Family Therapist in Civic Center, San Francisco, CA
Francesco Cerminara
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Civic Center, San Francisco, CA 94102
Maybe life has taught you that you don’t matter or that’s not ok for you to take space, to express yourself authentically, like you are worth less than others. Maybe you just don’t seem to know how to relate to your feelings or simply feel so much that it feels overwhelming. Maybe you have grown tired of feeling alone or sad, keeping distance from others to feel safer. Maybe you are tired of worrying about what others might say or think and that worrying stops you from doing or saying what you’d like to. Maybe there’s something you always wanted to do, like a dream, but you don’t believe possible.
Maybe life has taught you that you don’t matter or that’s not ok for you to take space, to express yourself authentically, like you are worth less than others. Maybe you just don’t seem to know how to relate to your feelings or simply feel so much that it feels overwhelming. Maybe you have grown tired of feeling alone or sad, keeping distance from others to feel safer. Maybe you are tired of worrying about what others might say or think and that worrying stops you from doing or saying what you’d like to. Maybe there’s something you always wanted to do, like a dream, but you don’t believe possible.
(628) 222-2768 View (628) 222-2768
Photo of Joseph Grebel, Psychologist in Civic Center, San Francisco, CA
Joseph Grebel
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Civic Center, San Francisco, CA 94102
We often know where we are stuck and what is causing distress — but not how to go about fixing it. My job is to help you get where you are trying to go, to help you figure out what's getting in the way and to help you connect the dots and see the bigger context. People work in therapy in different ways so there is no one formula for everyone. In general, I am interactive, thoughtful, solution focused and believe in people who are working on themselves.
We often know where we are stuck and what is causing distress — but not how to go about fixing it. My job is to help you get where you are trying to go, to help you figure out what's getting in the way and to help you connect the dots and see the bigger context. People work in therapy in different ways so there is no one formula for everyone. In general, I am interactive, thoughtful, solution focused and believe in people who are working on themselves.
(415) 968-5261 View (415) 968-5261
Photo of Elena Felder, Marriage & Family Therapist in Civic Center, San Francisco, CA
Elena Felder
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Civic Center, San Francisco, CA 94102
Not accepting new clients
My practice is currently full but I encourage you to go to the Referrals page on my website for a list of EMDR therapists whose work I know and trust. I work with individuals to create a safe place to explore patterns in your relationships and areas where you are stuck in trauma or depression. I offer both brief and long-term therapy with individuals and couples using a variety of techniques and modalities including deep listening, EMDR, hypnotherapy, relaxation training, exploring connections between current struggles and past experiences and increasing body awareness.
My practice is currently full but I encourage you to go to the Referrals page on my website for a list of EMDR therapists whose work I know and trust. I work with individuals to create a safe place to explore patterns in your relationships and areas where you are stuck in trauma or depression. I offer both brief and long-term therapy with individuals and couples using a variety of techniques and modalities including deep listening, EMDR, hypnotherapy, relaxation training, exploring connections between current struggles and past experiences and increasing body awareness.
(510) 907-6651 View (510) 907-6651
Photo of James Fishman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Civic Center, San Francisco, CA
James Fishman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Civic Center, San Francisco, CA 94102
When seeking a skilled therapist, you are probably a bit overwhelmed by how and whom to choose at such a vulnerable time.  It is of paramount importance, I feel, that it’s the ‘right fit” and to ascertain that the issues you are wrestling with can be addressed, clarified, and resolved by a highly skilled, attuned psychotherapist.  I have been practicing as a psychotherapist for 40 years, and consider myself a “depth psychotherapist” — rather than a quick ‘fix.” My style is flexibly active and engaged.
When seeking a skilled therapist, you are probably a bit overwhelmed by how and whom to choose at such a vulnerable time.  It is of paramount importance, I feel, that it’s the ‘right fit” and to ascertain that the issues you are wrestling with can be addressed, clarified, and resolved by a highly skilled, attuned psychotherapist.  I have been practicing as a psychotherapist for 40 years, and consider myself a “depth psychotherapist” — rather than a quick ‘fix.” My style is flexibly active and engaged.
(415) 218-2845 View (415) 218-2845
Photo of Melinda Gottesman, Psychologist in Civic Center, San Francisco, CA
Melinda Gottesman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Civic Center, San Francisco, CA 94102
Do you find yourself ruminating about certain things? Are you unable to fall asleep at night because your mind keeps racing? Are there things you want to get off your chest but feel like nobody will understand? One way or another, you’re here because you want to feel better. You want to live your life to the fullest yet can’t quite seem to figure out how. This is where our work comes in.
Do you find yourself ruminating about certain things? Are you unable to fall asleep at night because your mind keeps racing? Are there things you want to get off your chest but feel like nobody will understand? One way or another, you’re here because you want to feel better. You want to live your life to the fullest yet can’t quite seem to figure out how. This is where our work comes in.
(415) 300-2459 View (415) 300-2459
Photo of Farrah Dalal, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Civic Center, San Francisco, CA
Farrah Dalal, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Civic Center, San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
Finding a deeper connection to self, others, and life events is part of the work we will do together. Coming into an awareness of your own thoughts and developing compassionate understanding of yourself fosters a loving kindness practice that can go with you into any situation. It also will help you create ease in your body and mind that begins to put a pause on past or future thinking. And as we begin to learn how to drop into the present moment with what is we begin to bring the wonderment of life back into our realty.
Finding a deeper connection to self, others, and life events is part of the work we will do together. Coming into an awareness of your own thoughts and developing compassionate understanding of yourself fosters a loving kindness practice that can go with you into any situation. It also will help you create ease in your body and mind that begins to put a pause on past or future thinking. And as we begin to learn how to drop into the present moment with what is we begin to bring the wonderment of life back into our realty.
(510) 674-1102 View (510) 674-1102
Photo of Don Mack, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Civic Center, San Francisco, CA
Don Mack, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LCT-C
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Civic Center, San Francisco, CA 94102
I provide psychotherapy for individuals, couples and families. My aim is to help you identify and understand past experiences and to assist you in making decisions to cultivate a life of satisfaction, meaning and peace.
I provide psychotherapy for individuals, couples and families. My aim is to help you identify and understand past experiences and to assist you in making decisions to cultivate a life of satisfaction, meaning and peace.
(415) 630-6557 View (415) 630-6557
Photo of Psychological Services Center @ CIIS, Psychologist in Civic Center, San Francisco, CA
Psychological Services Center @ CIIS
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Civic Center, San Francisco, CA 94102
Are you experiencing a life transition, job change, or relationship break up? Perhaps you are feeling lonely or disconnected from the world around you. Having a professional to talk to during such times can be a great relief. PSC is a community mental health clinic providing psychotherapy to the San Francisco Bay Area community since 1997. We train California Institute of Integral Studies (CIIS) Clinical Psychology (PsyD) doctoral students. Our aim is to provide competent, compassionate, and affordable therapy to clients facing a diverse range of issues.
Are you experiencing a life transition, job change, or relationship break up? Perhaps you are feeling lonely or disconnected from the world around you. Having a professional to talk to during such times can be a great relief. PSC is a community mental health clinic providing psychotherapy to the San Francisco Bay Area community since 1997. We train California Institute of Integral Studies (CIIS) Clinical Psychology (PsyD) doctoral students. Our aim is to provide competent, compassionate, and affordable therapy to clients facing a diverse range of issues.
(415) 237-2520 View (415) 237-2520

See more therapy options for Civic Center, San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Civic Center, San Francisco, CA

900+

Average cost per session

$180

Therapists in Civic Center, San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Relationship Issues
86% Depression
79% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress
67% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

72% Aetna
56% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
53% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Civic Center, San Francisco, CA see their clients

53% Online Only
47% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Civic Center, San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.