Therapists in Kingsley, MI

Photo of Lifetime Growth, Psychologist in Kingsley, MI
Lifetime Growth
Psychologist, PhD, CAADC, CCS-R
Verified Verified
Kingsley, MI 49649
Specializing in; Treatment of co-occurring issues of substance abuse and mental health disorders, relationships therapy, child and adolescent treatment, child custody cases, post traumatic stress disorders and geriatric care. Specialized program development, corporate and organizational development. International and multi cultural treatment with international based therapists.
Specializing in; Treatment of co-occurring issues of substance abuse and mental health disorders, relationships therapy, child and adolescent treatment, child custody cases, post traumatic stress disorders and geriatric care. Specialized program development, corporate and organizational development. International and multi cultural treatment with international based therapists.
(989) 265-2133 View (989) 265-2133
Photo of Jessica Leigh Bruman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kingsley, MI
Jessica Leigh Bruman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW, CAADC-D
Verified Verified
Kingsley, MI 49649
Welcome! I’m Jessica, a LLMSW dedicated to fostering positive change and empowering individuals on their path to mental well-being! I focus on client centered care and guiding individuals on their journey to mental and emotional wellness. I am dedicated to creating a collaborative and empowering space where we can navigate life’s challenges together! My goal is to work alongside you, fostering a relationship built on trust, empathy, and respect. Together, we can explore and understand your experiences, helping you build resilience and discover the strengths within yourself.
Welcome! I’m Jessica, a LLMSW dedicated to fostering positive change and empowering individuals on their path to mental well-being! I focus on client centered care and guiding individuals on their journey to mental and emotional wellness. I am dedicated to creating a collaborative and empowering space where we can navigate life’s challenges together! My goal is to work alongside you, fostering a relationship built on trust, empathy, and respect. Together, we can explore and understand your experiences, helping you build resilience and discover the strengths within yourself.
(231) 412-4956 View (231) 412-4956
Photo of Tanya B LaMont, Counselor in Kingsley, MI
Tanya B LaMont
Counselor, MA, LLPC
Verified Verified
Kingsley, MI 49649
Counseling is a relationship in which I support clients to find stability, joy and meaning in the midst of life's challenges. I am passionate about working with children and their caregivers. Common struggles I work on with clients include coping skills, behavioral issues, behavioral regulation and communication skills. All children are welcome including those who have autism/neurodivergent, trauma, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, emotional dysregulation, and other challenges. I provide an understanding space in which to collaborate with caregivers to support their children.
Counseling is a relationship in which I support clients to find stability, joy and meaning in the midst of life's challenges. I am passionate about working with children and their caregivers. Common struggles I work on with clients include coping skills, behavioral issues, behavioral regulation and communication skills. All children are welcome including those who have autism/neurodivergent, trauma, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, emotional dysregulation, and other challenges. I provide an understanding space in which to collaborate with caregivers to support their children.
(231) 202-4629 View (231) 202-4629
Photo of Karen J Van Zuiden, Marriage & Family Therapist in Kingsley, MI
Karen J Van Zuiden
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC, ACS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Kingsley, MI 49649  (Online Only)
I am a strength based therapist. You are the author of your story. I consider it an honor to help people on their journeys and reframe what keeps people from being their best selves. It isn't about surviving, it is about thriving. I work with many different people from age 18 to 60. I have worked with first responders, people that work in the healthcare field, and other therapists. I also work with families facing crisis and/or illnesses. When working with teens and their families, understanding what is normal behavior and what isn't while supporting everyone has worked with many families.
I am a strength based therapist. You are the author of your story. I consider it an honor to help people on their journeys and reframe what keeps people from being their best selves. It isn't about surviving, it is about thriving. I work with many different people from age 18 to 60. I have worked with first responders, people that work in the healthcare field, and other therapists. I also work with families facing crisis and/or illnesses. When working with teens and their families, understanding what is normal behavior and what isn't while supporting everyone has worked with many families.
(231) 399-8820 View (231) 399-8820
Photo of Jenna Genereaux, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kingsley, MI
Jenna Genereaux
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CSTIP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kingsley, MI 49649
I am a CSTIP(Certified Sex Therapy Informed Professional) and specialize in relationship and couples counseling. I work primarily with those dealing with marital, relationship and sex related concerns. I have experience working with individuals facing anxiety, depression, grief, relationship discrepancy, family disfunction and every day life obstacles. To better serve my clients, I use evidence based practices within a therapeutic setting. It is my goal to provide individual's with counseling they will enjoy, even when the situation is not preferable.
I am a CSTIP(Certified Sex Therapy Informed Professional) and specialize in relationship and couples counseling. I work primarily with those dealing with marital, relationship and sex related concerns. I have experience working with individuals facing anxiety, depression, grief, relationship discrepancy, family disfunction and every day life obstacles. To better serve my clients, I use evidence based practices within a therapeutic setting. It is my goal to provide individual's with counseling they will enjoy, even when the situation is not preferable.
(231) 377-3030 View (231) 377-3030
Photo of Jenn Strange, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kingsley, MI
Jenn Strange
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CAADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kingsley, MI 49649
Providing a safe and supportive environment for a client to work on their issues is of the utmost importance for me. I truly try to meet clients where they are at in terms of their issues while providing encouraging and non-judgmental feedback. An individual looking to explore issues, enhance coping skills, and create positive change in their life is the ideal client for my practice. I'm honored anytime a client chooses to allow me to be part of their journey.
Providing a safe and supportive environment for a client to work on their issues is of the utmost importance for me. I truly try to meet clients where they are at in terms of their issues while providing encouraging and non-judgmental feedback. An individual looking to explore issues, enhance coping skills, and create positive change in their life is the ideal client for my practice. I'm honored anytime a client chooses to allow me to be part of their journey.
(231) 598-6035 View (231) 598-6035
Photo of Traverse Health Clinic, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kingsley, MI
Traverse Health Clinic
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Kingsley, MI 49649
Waitlist for new clients
Traverse Health Clinic provides behavioral health services to adults and adolescents ages 12 and up, even if you haven't established primary care with one of our medical providers. Our behavioral health services are provided by licensed therapists who are trained and qualified to help patients experiencing life stressors or mental health issues. Therapists are able to assist individuals in learning constructive ways to handle problems that interfere with everyday life. Services are usually time-limited and focused on specific goals that you, the patient, have identified.
Traverse Health Clinic provides behavioral health services to adults and adolescents ages 12 and up, even if you haven't established primary care with one of our medical providers. Our behavioral health services are provided by licensed therapists who are trained and qualified to help patients experiencing life stressors or mental health issues. Therapists are able to assist individuals in learning constructive ways to handle problems that interfere with everyday life. Services are usually time-limited and focused on specific goals that you, the patient, have identified.
(231) 935-0799 View (231) 935-0799
Photo of Trisha A Novak, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kingsley, MI
Trisha A Novak
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Kingsley, MI 49649
Embarking on counseling takes courage as you take proactive steps towards change. Courage to recognize your life isn’t the way you want it and that it can be different, that you can feel different. Life presents us with challenges, and at times, we all need help in navigating them. Whether it’s coping with a loss of dream, managing anxiety, processing grief, or facing feelings of overwhelm or burnout, seeking help is a valuable step. When challenges accumulate, support can be crucial to navigate complex relationships, disappointments, and address mental health issues through building resilience and cultivating self-awareness.
Embarking on counseling takes courage as you take proactive steps towards change. Courage to recognize your life isn’t the way you want it and that it can be different, that you can feel different. Life presents us with challenges, and at times, we all need help in navigating them. Whether it’s coping with a loss of dream, managing anxiety, processing grief, or facing feelings of overwhelm or burnout, seeking help is a valuable step. When challenges accumulate, support can be crucial to navigate complex relationships, disappointments, and address mental health issues through building resilience and cultivating self-awareness.
(231) 535-9161 View (231) 535-9161
Photo of Andrew O'Brien, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kingsley, MI
Andrew O'Brien
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Kingsley, MI 49649
Life can be tough, and sometimes it feels like everything is falling apart. If you're feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or unsure about where to turn, I'm here to help. As a trained clinical social worker, I'm honored to support you on your journey towards healing and growth. Whether you're new to therapy or coming back after a break, taking that first step can be hard. But remember, you're not alone. Together, we can achieve great things and create the life you truly want.
Life can be tough, and sometimes it feels like everything is falling apart. If you're feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or unsure about where to turn, I'm here to help. As a trained clinical social worker, I'm honored to support you on your journey towards healing and growth. Whether you're new to therapy or coming back after a break, taking that first step can be hard. But remember, you're not alone. Together, we can achieve great things and create the life you truly want.
(231) 538-2046 View (231) 538-2046
Photo of Sharron Montague, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kingsley, MI
Sharron Montague
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Kingsley, MI 49649
Waitlist for new clients
I enjoy working with clients of all ages that are motivated and eager to learn and accept positive change. I believe it is important for clients to feel a connection with their therapist, therefore my approach is to provide a safe and comfortable space to allow for disclosure and containment.
I enjoy working with clients of all ages that are motivated and eager to learn and accept positive change. I believe it is important for clients to feel a connection with their therapist, therefore my approach is to provide a safe and comfortable space to allow for disclosure and containment.
(231) 539-0887 View (231) 539-0887
Photo of Emmy Hendry, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kingsley, MI
Emmy Hendry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW, CAADC
Verified Verified
Kingsley, MI 49649
Emmy believes that your well-being relies on achieving balance in all aspects of your life. This requires a whole health approach that will serve the mind, body, and soul. Emmy specializes in trauma; specifically sexual trauma, violence trauma, relationship trauma, and family/intergenerational trauma. Her primary specializations are working with individuals with attachment style issues, relationship issues, masculine and feminine energies, sex trauma/intimacy issues, anxiety disorders, and grief.
Emmy believes that your well-being relies on achieving balance in all aspects of your life. This requires a whole health approach that will serve the mind, body, and soul. Emmy specializes in trauma; specifically sexual trauma, violence trauma, relationship trauma, and family/intergenerational trauma. Her primary specializations are working with individuals with attachment style issues, relationship issues, masculine and feminine energies, sex trauma/intimacy issues, anxiety disorders, and grief.
(231) 202-3837 View (231) 202-3837
Photo of Mental Wellness Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kingsley, MI
Mental Wellness Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Kingsley, MI 49649
Mental Wellness Counseling is a Northern Michigan Counseling Practice. Our counselors use their passion, experience and specialties to help clients heal from traumatic experiences, address symptoms related to anxiety and depression, help strengthen relationships and help guide you through the journey of finding the best version of yourself. When you call we try to make the best fit for you based on your needs and goals. We offer face to face and virtual sessions to best meet your needs. We now have 3 locations! Two in Traverse City and a new office in Manistee!
Mental Wellness Counseling is a Northern Michigan Counseling Practice. Our counselors use their passion, experience and specialties to help clients heal from traumatic experiences, address symptoms related to anxiety and depression, help strengthen relationships and help guide you through the journey of finding the best version of yourself. When you call we try to make the best fit for you based on your needs and goals. We offer face to face and virtual sessions to best meet your needs. We now have 3 locations! Two in Traverse City and a new office in Manistee!
(231) 714-0282 View (231) 714-0282
Photo of Marcie L Hester, Licensed Professional Counselor in Kingsley, MI
Marcie L Hester
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Kingsley, MI 49649  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
As a client-centered therapist, I believe you are the expert in your own life. I consider it to be a privilege and blessing to be a part of your journey to find fulfillment in your life. I work from a holistic framework, holding the central hypothesis that every person has the innate potential for personal awareness and growth. I strive to maintain the creative and dynamic process of therapy utilizing theory and interventions from multiple models of therapy. I am committed to creating a therapeutic environment based on collaboration, action-oriented interventions, skill building and honest, supportive feedback.
As a client-centered therapist, I believe you are the expert in your own life. I consider it to be a privilege and blessing to be a part of your journey to find fulfillment in your life. I work from a holistic framework, holding the central hypothesis that every person has the innate potential for personal awareness and growth. I strive to maintain the creative and dynamic process of therapy utilizing theory and interventions from multiple models of therapy. I am committed to creating a therapeutic environment based on collaboration, action-oriented interventions, skill building and honest, supportive feedback.
(231) 879-5114 View (231) 879-5114

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Emily Sluiter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kingsley, MI
Emily Sluiter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, PHM-C, CYT-200
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49685
I specialize in working with women in the family-building phase of life, including infertility, pregnancy/post-partum anxiety and depression, surrogacy, as well as supporting all members of the adoption constellation. I have 15+ years experience working with diverse individuals and I hope to create a safe space for you to explore whatever is important to you. I believe we all thrive in spaces where we can be fully known and celebrated for who we truly are and I aim to bring authenticity, curiosity and possibly some humor to our work together.
I specialize in working with women in the family-building phase of life, including infertility, pregnancy/post-partum anxiety and depression, surrogacy, as well as supporting all members of the adoption constellation. I have 15+ years experience working with diverse individuals and I hope to create a safe space for you to explore whatever is important to you. I believe we all thrive in spaces where we can be fully known and celebrated for who we truly are and I aim to bring authenticity, curiosity and possibly some humor to our work together.
(616) 202-6560 View (616) 202-6560
Photo of Madison Thompson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kingsley, MI
Madison Thompson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Traverse City, MI 49685
Hello- thanks for stopping by! Through my years of experience as a social worker, I have come to believe in the power of connection in safe, affirming spaces. Life can feel challenging at times but meaningful when we have the proper tools to navigate it. Sometimes it might feel confusing on where to even begin in developing these tools and that's ok! We will use your unique experience and perspective to guide us in developing insight into supporting your individual goals.
Hello- thanks for stopping by! Through my years of experience as a social worker, I have come to believe in the power of connection in safe, affirming spaces. Life can feel challenging at times but meaningful when we have the proper tools to navigate it. Sometimes it might feel confusing on where to even begin in developing these tools and that's ok! We will use your unique experience and perspective to guide us in developing insight into supporting your individual goals.
(231) 680-0021 View (231) 680-0021
Photo of Chelsea Fenlon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kingsley, MI
Chelsea Fenlon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Traverse City, MI 49685
As a LLMSW social worker, I have several years of experience working with a variety of populations. During this time, I have assisted others by helping to overcome barriers and provide support during challenging and adverse times in their lives. I believe in a wholistic approach and the foundation that each person is an expert on their own being. I will strive to meet you where you are and provide an inclusive and safe space for you to share your story. Using your unique life experience as a basis, we will work together to acknowledge your individual strengths and resilience to help support you along your journey.
As a LLMSW social worker, I have several years of experience working with a variety of populations. During this time, I have assisted others by helping to overcome barriers and provide support during challenging and adverse times in their lives. I believe in a wholistic approach and the foundation that each person is an expert on their own being. I will strive to meet you where you are and provide an inclusive and safe space for you to share your story. Using your unique life experience as a basis, we will work together to acknowledge your individual strengths and resilience to help support you along your journey.
(231) 227-4976 View (231) 227-4976
Photo of Nicole Schaaf, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Kingsley, MI
Nicole Schaaf
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Grawn, MI 49637
You are worthy and deserving of inner peace and happiness. Sometimes we just need some guidance and support as we move toward achieving this. I bring 16 years of experience walking alongside those struggling with issues such as trauma, unhealthy relationships, mental health concerns and life hardships. I offer my clients care based on their individual needs as they sort through the past, gain a greater understanding of the difficulties in the present and lay the groundwork for a life fulfilling future.
You are worthy and deserving of inner peace and happiness. Sometimes we just need some guidance and support as we move toward achieving this. I bring 16 years of experience walking alongside those struggling with issues such as trauma, unhealthy relationships, mental health concerns and life hardships. I offer my clients care based on their individual needs as they sort through the past, gain a greater understanding of the difficulties in the present and lay the groundwork for a life fulfilling future.
(231) 624-5709 View (231) 624-5709
Photo of Charity Manke, Limited Licensed Psychologist in Kingsley, MI
Charity Manke
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, LLP
Not Verified Not Verified
3 Endorsed
Traverse City, MI 49685
As a clinical psychologist, my mission is simple: to help you to identify your goals and provide warm, empowering support while you work toward them. My focus is helping teens and adults navigate anxiety, depression and life changes such as divorce, work/school struggles, illness, and loss. Women's issues- the challenges of motherhood and the pressure to "do it all", especially- are of particular interest to me.
As a clinical psychologist, my mission is simple: to help you to identify your goals and provide warm, empowering support while you work toward them. My focus is helping teens and adults navigate anxiety, depression and life changes such as divorce, work/school struggles, illness, and loss. Women's issues- the challenges of motherhood and the pressure to "do it all", especially- are of particular interest to me.
(231) 333-5322 View (231) 333-5322
Photo of Dani Burmeister, Counselor in Kingsley, MI
Dani Burmeister
Counselor, LLPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Traverse City, MI 49685
Not accepting new clients
Dani graduated with her masters in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Regis University in Denver, Colorado and then relocated to Traverse City shortly after. Dani also holds a masters degree in College Student Affairs from Eastern Illinois University. Dani works with older teens, young adults, and adults who are struggling with mood and anxiety disorders, life transitions, stress management, LGBTQIA+ Community, trauma/PTSD, and substance use disorders.
Dani graduated with her masters in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Regis University in Denver, Colorado and then relocated to Traverse City shortly after. Dani also holds a masters degree in College Student Affairs from Eastern Illinois University. Dani works with older teens, young adults, and adults who are struggling with mood and anxiety disorders, life transitions, stress management, LGBTQIA+ Community, trauma/PTSD, and substance use disorders.
(231) 241-8388 View (231) 241-8388
Photo of Nicole Kadis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Kingsley, MI
Nicole Kadis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LLMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Traverse City, MI 49685  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with connecting to yourself or your partner? Does your ADHD or neurodivergence make things feel more difficult? Do you feel anxious or depressed? Are you and your partner feeling like you're at a loss on figuring out how to communicate? These are all experiences I would love to work with you on. Together, we’ll create goals that will lead you to the peace and security you seek within your life. This could look like addressing depression or anxiety, understanding the impact of neurodivergence within your relationship, navigating life transitions/conflict within relationships, or learning new skills.
Are you struggling with connecting to yourself or your partner? Does your ADHD or neurodivergence make things feel more difficult? Do you feel anxious or depressed? Are you and your partner feeling like you're at a loss on figuring out how to communicate? These are all experiences I would love to work with you on. Together, we’ll create goals that will lead you to the peace and security you seek within your life. This could look like addressing depression or anxiety, understanding the impact of neurodivergence within your relationship, navigating life transitions/conflict within relationships, or learning new skills.
(248) 965-5723 View (248) 965-5723

See more therapy options for Kingsley

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Kingsley, MI

10+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in Kingsley, MI who prioritize treating:

92% Relationship Issues
92% Anxiety
85% Depression
85% Trauma and PTSD
85% Family Conflict
85% Self Esteem
77% Grief

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% BlueCross and BlueShield
80% Priority Health
40% Other

How Therapists in Kingsley, MI see their clients

85% In Person and Online
15% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
18% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Kingsley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.