Therapists in Clinton Township, MI

Photo of Libby Joseph, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clinton Township, MI
Libby Joseph
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clinton Township, MI 48038
I enjoy working with patients from diverse cultural backgrounds, working with young adults who struggle with social anxiety, helping build confidence in individuals who struggle with low self-esteem, and empowering folks to become the best version of themselves.
I enjoy working with patients from diverse cultural backgrounds, working with young adults who struggle with social anxiety, helping build confidence in individuals who struggle with low self-esteem, and empowering folks to become the best version of themselves.
(586) 371-7989 View (586) 371-7989
Photo of Anna Smolinski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clinton Township, MI
Anna Smolinski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Clinton Township, MI 48038
Life can be challenging at times! One can experience a multitude of challenges such as anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship difficulties or a loss of a loved one. Are you feeling overwhelmed? You don’t have to do this alone. My work focuses on utilizing a strengths-based approach with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. As part of my practice, I provide a safe and empathic environment where the base of help is genuine and compassionate. I specialize in finding peace within the storm and helping you gain more insight about self to heal.
Life can be challenging at times! One can experience a multitude of challenges such as anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship difficulties or a loss of a loved one. Are you feeling overwhelmed? You don’t have to do this alone. My work focuses on utilizing a strengths-based approach with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. As part of my practice, I provide a safe and empathic environment where the base of help is genuine and compassionate. I specialize in finding peace within the storm and helping you gain more insight about self to heal.
(586) 300-3069 View (586) 300-3069
Photo of Rebecca L Verkest, Counselor in Clinton Township, MI
Rebecca L Verkest
Counselor, MA, LPC, NCE
Verified Verified
Clinton Township, MI 48038
Everyone can benefit from a non-biased professional to help them sort out any internal conflict or struggle they are experiencing that causes distress. Whether it's anxiety, depression, trauma and/or a life changing event, you no longer need to do this alone. I have over 23 years of experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and families in crisis, offering high quality counseling to individuals seeking the life they deserve.
Everyone can benefit from a non-biased professional to help them sort out any internal conflict or struggle they are experiencing that causes distress. Whether it's anxiety, depression, trauma and/or a life changing event, you no longer need to do this alone. I have over 23 years of experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and families in crisis, offering high quality counseling to individuals seeking the life they deserve.
(586) 745-3718 View (586) 745-3718
Photo of Amanda J Lilley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clinton Township, MI
Amanda J Lilley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Clinton Township, MI 48035
Hello & Welcome! Accepting NEW clients, in person and Telehealth available. I know life can be difficult and often we are faced with struggles and emotions that make every day tasks challenging. Whether you are feeling anxious, afraid, depressed, or hopeless you don't have to face it alone. In therapy, we will develop a relationship of support, encouragement, and trust and together we will work on overcoming your current and past struggles. In a relaxed, non-judgmental space I will utilize techniques and tools specific to you and your needs. I look forward to speaking with you!
Hello & Welcome! Accepting NEW clients, in person and Telehealth available. I know life can be difficult and often we are faced with struggles and emotions that make every day tasks challenging. Whether you are feeling anxious, afraid, depressed, or hopeless you don't have to face it alone. In therapy, we will develop a relationship of support, encouragement, and trust and together we will work on overcoming your current and past struggles. In a relaxed, non-judgmental space I will utilize techniques and tools specific to you and your needs. I look forward to speaking with you!
(586) 991-3370 View (586) 991-3370
Photo of Therapy Alliance of Michigan, Inc , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clinton Township, MI
Therapy Alliance of Michigan, Inc
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clinton Township, MI 48035
Welcome! Accepting NEW clients in Warren and Clinton Twp offices!Offering immediate in person & virtual appointments! We can schedule most appointments within the same week, and try to schedule all new appointments within 24-48 hours. You are struggling with anxiety, depression, or worry about everyday life. You're having trouble completing daily tasks, feeling fatigued, and worn out. Maybe you have survived a trauma or abusive relationship and need help focusing on healing. You want to feel happier and more in control. Maybe your child is struggling with stress, anxiety, etc. You are not alone and we have a therapist who can help!
Welcome! Accepting NEW clients in Warren and Clinton Twp offices!Offering immediate in person & virtual appointments! We can schedule most appointments within the same week, and try to schedule all new appointments within 24-48 hours. You are struggling with anxiety, depression, or worry about everyday life. You're having trouble completing daily tasks, feeling fatigued, and worn out. Maybe you have survived a trauma or abusive relationship and need help focusing on healing. You want to feel happier and more in control. Maybe your child is struggling with stress, anxiety, etc. You are not alone and we have a therapist who can help!
(586) 701-9412 View (586) 701-9412
Photo of Jacque Goode, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clinton Township, MI
Jacque Goode
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW , MBA
Verified Verified
Clinton Township, MI 48035  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Accepting NEW clients. Telehealth is ONLY offered. Immediate availability. Sometimes life can be hard to navigate through alone. Challenging things may be thrown at us. Regulating our emotions may be hard to do alone. I am here to help. Therapy will help you navigate through any challenges you may have. One main goal is to build an honest relationship between us. I offer a warm, welcoming, and nonjudgmental space.
Accepting NEW clients. Telehealth is ONLY offered. Immediate availability. Sometimes life can be hard to navigate through alone. Challenging things may be thrown at us. Regulating our emotions may be hard to do alone. I am here to help. Therapy will help you navigate through any challenges you may have. One main goal is to build an honest relationship between us. I offer a warm, welcoming, and nonjudgmental space.
(586) 496-7147 View (586) 496-7147
Photo of Colleen Zito, Counselor in Clinton Township, MI
Colleen Zito
Counselor, MA, LLC, SCL
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clinton Township, MI 48035
Therapy can be a healing journey that leads to self-discovery. I am humbled by the opportunity to walk alongside you. My approach is rooted in empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard. You are the expert in your own life; however, it takes a village to overcome life’s challenges. I will help educate you about your treatment and give you the tools to impact your daily life. I aim to be a pillar of support to help you meet your goals and lead a happier, more fulfilling life.
Therapy can be a healing journey that leads to self-discovery. I am humbled by the opportunity to walk alongside you. My approach is rooted in empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard. You are the expert in your own life; however, it takes a village to overcome life’s challenges. I will help educate you about your treatment and give you the tools to impact your daily life. I aim to be a pillar of support to help you meet your goals and lead a happier, more fulfilling life.
(586) 371-6507 View (586) 371-6507
Photo of Michael Garrisi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clinton Township, MI
Michael Garrisi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clinton Township, MI 48038
I have worked in mental health and substance abuse for the last 17 years. In mental health, I have worked as an ACT coordinator and case manager for people suffering with a chronic mental illness. I was the Director of Visions Clubhouse in Pontiac for 4 years. I opened Pontiac Children Services. We serviced teenage boys that were wards of the state and helped them re-integrate back to school, social groups, and employment. I also worked in the psychiatric hospital in Mt. Clemens for 10 years as a social worker and therapist.
I have worked in mental health and substance abuse for the last 17 years. In mental health, I have worked as an ACT coordinator and case manager for people suffering with a chronic mental illness. I was the Director of Visions Clubhouse in Pontiac for 4 years. I opened Pontiac Children Services. We serviced teenage boys that were wards of the state and helped them re-integrate back to school, social groups, and employment. I also worked in the psychiatric hospital in Mt. Clemens for 10 years as a social worker and therapist.
(586) 501-6999 View (586) 501-6999
Photo of Gage Peavler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clinton Township, MI
Gage Peavler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clinton Township, MI 48035
You are exhausted and worn down from the stresses of life. There are times when you find yourself feeling hopeless that things can get better. Maybe you've been through really difficult things and it is hard to talk about it with others. You feel they will not understand or validate you. You're stuck in a cycle of negative thoughts about yourself and the world around you. At some points in life you may have even wrestled with suicidal or self harming thoughts. Every day you are feeling the most common affects of trauma. You're tired of running and you want to face these traumatized parts of yourself to begin healing.
You are exhausted and worn down from the stresses of life. There are times when you find yourself feeling hopeless that things can get better. Maybe you've been through really difficult things and it is hard to talk about it with others. You feel they will not understand or validate you. You're stuck in a cycle of negative thoughts about yourself and the world around you. At some points in life you may have even wrestled with suicidal or self harming thoughts. Every day you are feeling the most common affects of trauma. You're tired of running and you want to face these traumatized parts of yourself to begin healing.
(586) 666-6015 View (586) 666-6015
Photo of Comfort Zone Counseling LLC, Pre-Licensed Professional in Clinton Township, MI
Comfort Zone Counseling LLC
Pre-Licensed Professional, LLPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clinton Township, MI 48038
As a mental health professional, my expertise lies in providing culturally sensitive support for immigrants and the Muslim community. With personal experience as an immigrant, I understand the unique challenges involved. My approach is rooted in empathy and cultural competence, creating a safe space for individuals to navigate their mental health journey. Whether adapting to a new culture or seeking counseling within the Muslim community, I am dedicated to acknowledging and addressing the specific needs of each individual with respect and understanding.
As a mental health professional, my expertise lies in providing culturally sensitive support for immigrants and the Muslim community. With personal experience as an immigrant, I understand the unique challenges involved. My approach is rooted in empathy and cultural competence, creating a safe space for individuals to navigate their mental health journey. Whether adapting to a new culture or seeking counseling within the Muslim community, I am dedicated to acknowledging and addressing the specific needs of each individual with respect and understanding.
(586) 571-8931 View (586) 571-8931
Photo of Maryann Shamon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clinton Township, MI
Maryann Shamon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clinton Township, MI 48038
Not accepting new clients
Welcome! You have just conquered one of the most difficult steps in treatment; asking for help. Whatever difficulties you make experience in life, you should not have to face it alone. Life brings upon many challenges, sometimes those challenges leave us with unresolved trauma, anxiety, depression, even PTSD. Seeking professional help for your struggles provides you with a new outlook on life and coping mechanisms to navigate the throughout life.
Welcome! You have just conquered one of the most difficult steps in treatment; asking for help. Whatever difficulties you make experience in life, you should not have to face it alone. Life brings upon many challenges, sometimes those challenges leave us with unresolved trauma, anxiety, depression, even PTSD. Seeking professional help for your struggles provides you with a new outlook on life and coping mechanisms to navigate the throughout life.
(586) 333-5328 View (586) 333-5328
Photo of Samantha Shankin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clinton Township, MI
Samantha Shankin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Clinton Township, MI 48036
Samantha received her Master’s degree in Social Work from Wayne State University and her Bachelor of Arts degree in Psychology from Oakland University. Samantha has extensive experience working with children and adolescence, specifically those who have special needs, mental illness, and at-risk behavior. Samantha specializes in anxiety, depression, ADHD, PTSD, self-esteem, school difficulties, FASD, divorce, social anxiety, and communication skills. Samantha also has experience working with parents of children with these difficulties, couples, and individual adults that struggle with the same issues.
Samantha received her Master’s degree in Social Work from Wayne State University and her Bachelor of Arts degree in Psychology from Oakland University. Samantha has extensive experience working with children and adolescence, specifically those who have special needs, mental illness, and at-risk behavior. Samantha specializes in anxiety, depression, ADHD, PTSD, self-esteem, school difficulties, FASD, divorce, social anxiety, and communication skills. Samantha also has experience working with parents of children with these difficulties, couples, and individual adults that struggle with the same issues.
(248) 206-3083 View (248) 206-3083
Photo of Macomb Therapy Group, PLLC, Counselor in Clinton Township, MI
Macomb Therapy Group, PLLC
Counselor, LMSW, LPC, LLP, CAADC, PA-C
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Clinton Township, MI 48038
We all need a friendly ear, especially in difficult times. With someone in your corner you can build the coping skills needed to handle life's challenges with confidence. Macomb Therapy Group works with adults, adolescents, families and couples. Our clinicians have experience counseling people from a range of backgrounds and ages; facing a variety of challenges: from individuals dealing with depression, anxiety, trauma, and post-traumatic stress disorder; to children and adults in crisis and families with relational problems.
We all need a friendly ear, especially in difficult times. With someone in your corner you can build the coping skills needed to handle life's challenges with confidence. Macomb Therapy Group works with adults, adolescents, families and couples. Our clinicians have experience counseling people from a range of backgrounds and ages; facing a variety of challenges: from individuals dealing with depression, anxiety, trauma, and post-traumatic stress disorder; to children and adults in crisis and families with relational problems.
(586) 333-5328 View (586) 333-5328
Photo of Jacqueline Heron, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clinton Township, MI
Jacqueline Heron
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clinton Township, MI 48038  (Online Only)
Stress comes in many forms and can negatively impact us throughout life. Now more than ever, it is essential for us to take care of ourselves emotionally and mentally. Many children and teens are facing the pressure of increased academic and social demands. Many adults are struggling to cope with difficulties surrounding family, relationships, parenting, finances, major life changes, grief/loss, and trauma. I can help you work through life’s many challenges so that you can feel healthier, happier, and more confident from the inside out.
Stress comes in many forms and can negatively impact us throughout life. Now more than ever, it is essential for us to take care of ourselves emotionally and mentally. Many children and teens are facing the pressure of increased academic and social demands. Many adults are struggling to cope with difficulties surrounding family, relationships, parenting, finances, major life changes, grief/loss, and trauma. I can help you work through life’s many challenges so that you can feel healthier, happier, and more confident from the inside out.
(586) 474-5784 View (586) 474-5784
Photo of Trinity Christian Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clinton Township, MI
Trinity Christian Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Clinton Township, MI 48035
Waitlist for new clients
Have you felt stuck with no new ideas on what to do next? Want a chance to "hear yourself think" and gain some new strategies to do things differently? You'll find ways to improve and enhance your personal relationships. You'll set goals, describe your desired outcome, and discover your role in making those changes. You'll identify new approaches and strategies you may have overlooked. We welcome the opportunity to help you rediscover and rekindle the relationship you desire. "Refreshing relationships through Christ-centered professional counseling."
Have you felt stuck with no new ideas on what to do next? Want a chance to "hear yourself think" and gain some new strategies to do things differently? You'll find ways to improve and enhance your personal relationships. You'll set goals, describe your desired outcome, and discover your role in making those changes. You'll identify new approaches and strategies you may have overlooked. We welcome the opportunity to help you rediscover and rekindle the relationship you desire. "Refreshing relationships through Christ-centered professional counseling."
(586) 217-3741 View (586) 217-3741
Photo of Elizabeth K Pruzinsky, Counselor in Clinton Township, MI
Elizabeth K Pruzinsky
Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clinton Township, MI 48038
I believe in providing clients with a safe environment where we can explore issues that may be affecting your life. Whether it is depression, anxiety, parenting, or life adjustments, I will work with you to navigate through these and achieve your goals.
I believe in providing clients with a safe environment where we can explore issues that may be affecting your life. Whether it is depression, anxiety, parenting, or life adjustments, I will work with you to navigate through these and achieve your goals.
(586) 600-8236 View (586) 600-8236
Photo of Leslie Osborn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clinton Township, MI
Leslie Osborn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Clinton Township, MI 48038
I believe we all have the power within ourselves to create the lives we desire. As humans, we are much more capable and resilient than our brains allow us to believe. Sometimes we may lose sight, need guidance, or someone to acknowledge our humanity, value, feelings, and strengths. Seeking mental health assistance can feel like a very scary step, and my goal is to make you feel as comfortable and empowered as possible.
I believe we all have the power within ourselves to create the lives we desire. As humans, we are much more capable and resilient than our brains allow us to believe. Sometimes we may lose sight, need guidance, or someone to acknowledge our humanity, value, feelings, and strengths. Seeking mental health assistance can feel like a very scary step, and my goal is to make you feel as comfortable and empowered as possible.
(586) 300-4251 View (586) 300-4251
Photo of Hilary Anne Slanec, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clinton Township, MI
Hilary Anne Slanec
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Clinton Township, MI 48038  (Online Only)
Welcome! I look forward to supporting you on your journey towards change, growth, and healing. As a social worker, I have worked in a variety of settings with various populations giving me a well-rounded approach to mental health treatment. I specialize in anxiety disorders, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, mood disorders, life transitions, and women’s issues.
Welcome! I look forward to supporting you on your journey towards change, growth, and healing. As a social worker, I have worked in a variety of settings with various populations giving me a well-rounded approach to mental health treatment. I specialize in anxiety disorders, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, mood disorders, life transitions, and women’s issues.
(586) 238-3927 View (586) 238-3927
Photo of Stacy Marie Wright, Licensed Professional Counselor in Clinton Township, MI
Stacy Marie Wright
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LLP
Verified Verified
Clinton Township, MI 48036  (Online Only)
My ideal client is one who has been struggling for a while and is ready now to address those issues. The people I work with do not need to have clear goals or clear reasons for entering therapy, as sometimes people are not sure why they are seeking help. I tend to work well with people who may not even be aware of the fact that they have just been in survival mode, but they know that they are no longer thriving, even if they do not know why. They are just looking for someone to talk with and are open to addressing things, even if they may take time and be difficult to manage. My ideal client is willing to accept my help.
My ideal client is one who has been struggling for a while and is ready now to address those issues. The people I work with do not need to have clear goals or clear reasons for entering therapy, as sometimes people are not sure why they are seeking help. I tend to work well with people who may not even be aware of the fact that they have just been in survival mode, but they know that they are no longer thriving, even if they do not know why. They are just looking for someone to talk with and are open to addressing things, even if they may take time and be difficult to manage. My ideal client is willing to accept my help.
(248) 850-1765 View (248) 850-1765
Photo of Kevin Skidmore, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Clinton Township, MI
Kevin Skidmore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clinton Township, MI 48038
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Michigan. I have worked in a variety of settings with multiple populations over the past 23 years. I enjoy working with children, adults and families. My areas of expertise are anxiety and depression. I have worked with defiant kids and teens and helped their parents to cope and understand. I have gained additional experience over the years in the areas of communication, relationships and crisis intervention. I have a passion for helping others reach their full potential in life.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Michigan. I have worked in a variety of settings with multiple populations over the past 23 years. I enjoy working with children, adults and families. My areas of expertise are anxiety and depression. I have worked with defiant kids and teens and helped their parents to cope and understand. I have gained additional experience over the years in the areas of communication, relationships and crisis intervention. I have a passion for helping others reach their full potential in life.
(586) 789-9740 View (586) 789-9740

See more therapy options for Clinton Township

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Clinton Township, MI

200+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in Clinton Township, MI who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
87% Depression
79% Self Esteem
78% Relationship Issues
78% Coping Skills
75% Grief
71% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
75% Aetna
74% Blue Care Network

How Therapists in Clinton Township, MI see their clients

78% In Person and Online
22% Online Only

Gender breakdown

88% Female
12% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Clinton Township?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.