Therapists in Grand Rapids, MI

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Photo of Jennifer Baas, Counselor in Grand Rapids, MI
Jennifer Baas
Counselor, MA, LLPC
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49525
Life can be overwhelming and at times, unbelievably hard! I believe that no matter what we go through, all of us are created with a potential for incredible resilience and that with the right kind of compassionate support and guidance, people can bounce back from the worst of circumstances. I am passionate about helping people find healing, growth and freedom no matter what difficulties they are going through. My approach includes forming a trusting relationship through empathy and compassion, clear goal setting, and creating a roadmap together with the client to achieve these goals in a reasonable time frame.
Life can be overwhelming and at times, unbelievably hard! I believe that no matter what we go through, all of us are created with a potential for incredible resilience and that with the right kind of compassionate support and guidance, people can bounce back from the worst of circumstances. I am passionate about helping people find healing, growth and freedom no matter what difficulties they are going through. My approach includes forming a trusting relationship through empathy and compassion, clear goal setting, and creating a roadmap together with the client to achieve these goals in a reasonable time frame.
(616) 229-3102 View (616) 229-3102
Photo of Dr. Kristin Roberts, Psychologist in Grand Rapids, MI
Dr. Kristin Roberts
Psychologist, PhD, LP, LPC
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49503
Waitlist for new clients
Taking steps toward change is not always easy. I believe we are capable of change given the opportunity and courage to do so. My approach is collaborative and I tailor my work to meet your needs, personality, and cultural factors. I believe in meeting people where they are at to help them heal, grow, and achieve the personal changes they want to make. My style is warm and approachable, and I strive to create a safe and non-judgmental environment.
Taking steps toward change is not always easy. I believe we are capable of change given the opportunity and courage to do so. My approach is collaborative and I tailor my work to meet your needs, personality, and cultural factors. I believe in meeting people where they are at to help them heal, grow, and achieve the personal changes they want to make. My style is warm and approachable, and I strive to create a safe and non-judgmental environment.
(616) 236-4171 View (616) 236-4171
Photo of Rachel Wilson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
Rachel Wilson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
Moving out of long held patterns of how you show up in the world and how you feel your feelings (or don’t) can be scary and difficult, but you deserve to get unstuck. Sometimes having the space to name the emotions and feelings can start the process of healing and change. I believe this healing occurs in a safe, non-judgmental environment where you feel heard, supported, and empowered. Whatever you may be struggling with, my goal is to walk alongside you while you heal, grow, and thrive. You were never meant to do it all alone.
Moving out of long held patterns of how you show up in the world and how you feel your feelings (or don’t) can be scary and difficult, but you deserve to get unstuck. Sometimes having the space to name the emotions and feelings can start the process of healing and change. I believe this healing occurs in a safe, non-judgmental environment where you feel heard, supported, and empowered. Whatever you may be struggling with, my goal is to walk alongside you while you heal, grow, and thrive. You were never meant to do it all alone.
(616) 207-2331 View (616) 207-2331
Photo of Marie Wilson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
Marie Wilson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49506  (Online Only)
The best outcome will occur if you choose someone who best matches your understanding of what the problem is and how to solve it. In a brief initial phone call, I can give some explanation of how I might approach your specific situation.
The best outcome will occur if you choose someone who best matches your understanding of what the problem is and how to solve it. In a brief initial phone call, I can give some explanation of how I might approach your specific situation.
(616) 691-5366 View (616) 691-5366
Photo of Dr. Nicole Olivas, Psychologist in Grand Rapids, MI
Dr. Nicole Olivas
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49503
I am dedicated to providing high-quality neuropsychological/psychological assessments (ages 9 and up), as well as individual and group therapy services (ages 18 and up). My goal is to help individuals lead more fulfilling lives. I prioritize building a strong therapeutic relationship based on trust and empathy. I am committed to creating a safe and supportive environment where clients can feel heard, understood, and empowered. I am passionate about making the assessment process accessible and understandable for everyone and believe a thorough assessment can provide valuable diagnostic clarity and treatment recommendations.
I am dedicated to providing high-quality neuropsychological/psychological assessments (ages 9 and up), as well as individual and group therapy services (ages 18 and up). My goal is to help individuals lead more fulfilling lives. I prioritize building a strong therapeutic relationship based on trust and empathy. I am committed to creating a safe and supportive environment where clients can feel heard, understood, and empowered. I am passionate about making the assessment process accessible and understandable for everyone and believe a thorough assessment can provide valuable diagnostic clarity and treatment recommendations.
(616) 236-6817 View (616) 236-6817
Photo of Courtney Kozarian, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
Courtney Kozarian
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49505
I believe every person has a unique story, influenced by all of the situations and life experiences that have led up to this moment. My goal as a therapist is to build a warm and trusting relationship with you in order to support and encourage your personal growth and change. With both my personal and professional experience with blended families, non-monogamous relationships and anxiety/depression, I understand how difficult it can be to find a therapist who can provide a non-judgmental space to navigate your deepest thoughts and feelings. It is my goal to provide a space that is safe and welcoming for every client.
I believe every person has a unique story, influenced by all of the situations and life experiences that have led up to this moment. My goal as a therapist is to build a warm and trusting relationship with you in order to support and encourage your personal growth and change. With both my personal and professional experience with blended families, non-monogamous relationships and anxiety/depression, I understand how difficult it can be to find a therapist who can provide a non-judgmental space to navigate your deepest thoughts and feelings. It is my goal to provide a space that is safe and welcoming for every client.
(616) 580-1857 View (616) 580-1857
Photo of Amanda Bernés, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
Amanda Bernés
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49506
Hello, I'm happy to have the opportunity to support you on your journey towards greater emotional well-being. I’ll meet you where you’re at with a compassionate and collaborative approach while working with you to navigate life's challenges to create a safe space for growth and healing. I strive to provide a supportive experience as we focus on your unique history. We will employ evidence-based practices while working to gather an understanding of your past to establish your present and future goals.
Hello, I'm happy to have the opportunity to support you on your journey towards greater emotional well-being. I’ll meet you where you’re at with a compassionate and collaborative approach while working with you to navigate life's challenges to create a safe space for growth and healing. I strive to provide a supportive experience as we focus on your unique history. We will employ evidence-based practices while working to gather an understanding of your past to establish your present and future goals.
(616) 537-2787 View (616) 537-2787
Photo of April Evans, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
April Evans
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49525
People with self-critical thoughts, perfectionists, those who find it difficult to understand their own feelings, I am not here to change your thoughts, or to get rid of them; I don't believe that's possible, even if we can sometimes ignore them for a couple hours. But I do believe we can learn to respond to those thoughts differently, in ways that acknowledge and makes space for them, but doesn't leave you getting pushed around by them, doing things that don't feel like "you."
People with self-critical thoughts, perfectionists, those who find it difficult to understand their own feelings, I am not here to change your thoughts, or to get rid of them; I don't believe that's possible, even if we can sometimes ignore them for a couple hours. But I do believe we can learn to respond to those thoughts differently, in ways that acknowledge and makes space for them, but doesn't leave you getting pushed around by them, doing things that don't feel like "you."
(616) 577-8786 View (616) 577-8786
Photo of Tracy Thompson, Counselor in Grand Rapids, MI
Tracy Thompson
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49504
Tracy Thompson is the owner of the Family Therapy Place, and is a Licensed Professional Counselor. Tracy specializes in working with children and families who have discovered that life can be a tough journey. Tracy’s training and speciality is with children who have experienced developmental trauma, often due to neglect or abuse. Tracy has a strong belief and training in the experiences of attachment and works with families to rebuild and nurture attachments when they have been broken. Tracy also works with adult families that are working to manage and resolve conflict that has surfaced or created separation within the family.
Tracy Thompson is the owner of the Family Therapy Place, and is a Licensed Professional Counselor. Tracy specializes in working with children and families who have discovered that life can be a tough journey. Tracy’s training and speciality is with children who have experienced developmental trauma, often due to neglect or abuse. Tracy has a strong belief and training in the experiences of attachment and works with families to rebuild and nurture attachments when they have been broken. Tracy also works with adult families that are working to manage and resolve conflict that has surfaced or created separation within the family.
(616) 818-0933 View (616) 818-0933
Photo of Sam Lemmer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Grand Rapids, MI
Sam Lemmer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49503
Vulnerability: while rewarding, can be daunting. It isn’t easy to let someone into your internal landscape and I value the possibility of learning yours. My name is Sam and I work with clients to become intimately comfortable with the buried and beautifully impactful aspects of themselves. Often, the relationship to yourself contributes to how your days unfold in the world around you. When was the last time you heard or nurtured the parts of yourself that long for you? In doing so, a gateway opens up to a sense of self-worth that will allow you to experience yourself and your environment with a new lens.
Vulnerability: while rewarding, can be daunting. It isn’t easy to let someone into your internal landscape and I value the possibility of learning yours. My name is Sam and I work with clients to become intimately comfortable with the buried and beautifully impactful aspects of themselves. Often, the relationship to yourself contributes to how your days unfold in the world around you. When was the last time you heard or nurtured the parts of yourself that long for you? In doing so, a gateway opens up to a sense of self-worth that will allow you to experience yourself and your environment with a new lens.
(616) 236-2946 View (616) 236-2946
Photo of Lindsey Matthews, Licensed Professional Counselor in Grand Rapids, MI
Lindsey Matthews
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LLPC
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49503
Hi! I’m Lindsey Matthews come on in! I work with individuals and couples to establish and maintain the person/people you want to be, by creating goals and coping skills with you to get there. I work with adult individuals, older teenagers (14 and up), and couples in matters of anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma, grief, stress, and communication. ​Life can be overwhelming and we know that therapy can provide people a safe and rewarding environment to develop their own personal skills to meet life’s challenges. I look forward to hearing your experiences and taking those steps with you through your journey!
Hi! I’m Lindsey Matthews come on in! I work with individuals and couples to establish and maintain the person/people you want to be, by creating goals and coping skills with you to get there. I work with adult individuals, older teenagers (14 and up), and couples in matters of anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma, grief, stress, and communication. ​Life can be overwhelming and we know that therapy can provide people a safe and rewarding environment to develop their own personal skills to meet life’s challenges. I look forward to hearing your experiences and taking those steps with you through your journey!
(269) 475-9986 View (269) 475-9986
Photo of Josue (Sway) Guillen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
Josue (Sway) Guillen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49505
Men often face societal expectations that discourage vulnerability and seeking help. The pressure to be strong, self-reliant, and in control can leave us feeling isolated and unable to express our true emotions. However, it's important to remember that seeking support is an act of strength and self-care, not a sign of weakness. By embracing vulnerability, we build healthier connections with ourselves, foster growth, and enhance relationships with those we love.
Men often face societal expectations that discourage vulnerability and seeking help. The pressure to be strong, self-reliant, and in control can leave us feeling isolated and unable to express our true emotions. However, it's important to remember that seeking support is an act of strength and self-care, not a sign of weakness. By embracing vulnerability, we build healthier connections with ourselves, foster growth, and enhance relationships with those we love.
(616) 326-3008 View (616) 326-3008
Photo of Mark S Walstrom, Counselor in Grand Rapids, MI
Mark S Walstrom
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49506
You've been there and done that. You've tried a variety of ways to jump-start your life and feel more alive but nothing has lasting results. Functional anxiety and depression have become a way of life - but you know there's more to life than what you experience day to day...a lot more. Every day you feel a struggle. You feel stuck. You feel depleted. You feel a longing for something more - and you’ve never felt more ready to step up and do whatever it takes to finally move beyond these challenges. You’re ready to experience freedom, aliveness, and soulful living.
You've been there and done that. You've tried a variety of ways to jump-start your life and feel more alive but nothing has lasting results. Functional anxiety and depression have become a way of life - but you know there's more to life than what you experience day to day...a lot more. Every day you feel a struggle. You feel stuck. You feel depleted. You feel a longing for something more - and you’ve never felt more ready to step up and do whatever it takes to finally move beyond these challenges. You’re ready to experience freedom, aliveness, and soulful living.
(616) 675-1548 View (616) 675-1548
Photo of Erica Schultz, Licensed Professional Counselor in Grand Rapids, MI
Erica Schultz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49505
Waitlist for new clients
As a therapist I work to create a safe, empathetic, judgment-free and welcoming space for you to process difficult experiences, manage life transitions and gain insight. While I have been a counselor for about 3 years, I have been working with trauma survivors and building on that knowledge for almost 9 years. My foundation as a therapist was built on advocacy work for survivors of sexual violence. Additionally, I have worked on several college campuses with students as they manage life transitions and stressors that come with this. Lastly, I love working with young adults in processing grief and loss, identity concerns and more.
As a therapist I work to create a safe, empathetic, judgment-free and welcoming space for you to process difficult experiences, manage life transitions and gain insight. While I have been a counselor for about 3 years, I have been working with trauma survivors and building on that knowledge for almost 9 years. My foundation as a therapist was built on advocacy work for survivors of sexual violence. Additionally, I have worked on several college campuses with students as they manage life transitions and stressors that come with this. Lastly, I love working with young adults in processing grief and loss, identity concerns and more.
(616) 344-5207 View (616) 344-5207
Photo of Sasha Brattain, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
Sasha Brattain
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49525
Congratulations on your decision to begin outpatient therapy. Every person has a unique journey that has made them who they are today. The path to healing can be overwhelming, however, the process is life-changing. My goal as a therapist is to support individuals, families, and couples as they navigate the intricate complexities of their lives in an effort to improve life satisfaction and self-efficacy.
Congratulations on your decision to begin outpatient therapy. Every person has a unique journey that has made them who they are today. The path to healing can be overwhelming, however, the process is life-changing. My goal as a therapist is to support individuals, families, and couples as they navigate the intricate complexities of their lives in an effort to improve life satisfaction and self-efficacy.
(616) 208-5318 View (616) 208-5318
Photo of Jenny Hall, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
Jenny Hall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Grand Rapids, MI 49506
Since completing my master's degree and post-grad training at UM in 2009, I've worked in crisis intervention, inpatient and community-based settings. In these contexts, as well as in my own life, I've found that all of us complicated, unique humans share some basic common goals. In the words of the poet Hafiz, we all want "to love more, and be happy." I've also found that with some bravery, strength and wisdom, the difficulties we face today can serve as catalysts toward positive change and a more meaningful, fulfilling life.
Since completing my master's degree and post-grad training at UM in 2009, I've worked in crisis intervention, inpatient and community-based settings. In these contexts, as well as in my own life, I've found that all of us complicated, unique humans share some basic common goals. In the words of the poet Hafiz, we all want "to love more, and be happy." I've also found that with some bravery, strength and wisdom, the difficulties we face today can serve as catalysts toward positive change and a more meaningful, fulfilling life.
(616) 379-9823 View (616) 379-9823
Photo of Shynequa Williams, Pre-Licensed Professional in Grand Rapids, MI
Shynequa Williams
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49505
Shynequa is a strong believer that just because you're "going through it," does not mean you can't "grow through it." No matter what that challenge may look like. Shynequa is eager to work with teens and young adults who struggle with anxiety, depression, and their self-identity. Creating a safe place for clients to be their true authentic selves.
Shynequa is a strong believer that just because you're "going through it," does not mean you can't "grow through it." No matter what that challenge may look like. Shynequa is eager to work with teens and young adults who struggle with anxiety, depression, and their self-identity. Creating a safe place for clients to be their true authentic selves.
(616) 439-6242 View (616) 439-6242
Photo of Michelle Muenzenmeyer, Limited Licensed Psychologist in Grand Rapids, MI
Michelle Muenzenmeyer
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, LLP, CMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
Do you find yourself setting the same goals without achieving them? In the pain and suffering, there is opportunity for growth and change. You've taken a step forward by looking into treatment, congratulations! I offer a trusting and compassionate approach to allow my clients to feel vulnerable with their struggles. I have worked with clients who have suffered with depression, grief, relationship issues, anxiety, life stage changes, obesity, binge eating and more. At the end of treatment, some clients report feeling more resilient with painful emotions which leads to healthier relationships and a more fulfilling life.
Do you find yourself setting the same goals without achieving them? In the pain and suffering, there is opportunity for growth and change. You've taken a step forward by looking into treatment, congratulations! I offer a trusting and compassionate approach to allow my clients to feel vulnerable with their struggles. I have worked with clients who have suffered with depression, grief, relationship issues, anxiety, life stage changes, obesity, binge eating and more. At the end of treatment, some clients report feeling more resilient with painful emotions which leads to healthier relationships and a more fulfilling life.
(616) 788-2795 View (616) 788-2795
Photo of Kurt Visker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
Kurt Visker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49546
Our many experiences in life shape the way we think about ourselves and the world around us. We use these shaped thoughts to make decisions and form relationships. Many times they are healthy rational thoughts, but at times we fall into an unhealthy irrational pattern that can create chaos in our lives. My role as a therapist is to help you increase your awareness and sort out the chaos. I enjoy building strong therapeutic relationships founded on empathy and respect that shapes a safe environment. Join me in a conversation that will walk you down a path of self discovery.
Our many experiences in life shape the way we think about ourselves and the world around us. We use these shaped thoughts to make decisions and form relationships. Many times they are healthy rational thoughts, but at times we fall into an unhealthy irrational pattern that can create chaos in our lives. My role as a therapist is to help you increase your awareness and sort out the chaos. I enjoy building strong therapeutic relationships founded on empathy and respect that shapes a safe environment. Join me in a conversation that will walk you down a path of self discovery.
(616) 449-2086 View (616) 449-2086
Photo of Laura Meeker Wicksall, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Grand Rapids, MI
Laura Meeker Wicksall
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Grand Rapids, MI 49506
Do you find yourself longing for a deeper connection with yourself and others? You want close relationships and yet these very relationships become a source of pain? Many people find their way to therapy feeling lost, confused, and alone. For me, a most valuable aspect of therapy is connecting with a caring other and being able to undo the loneliness that one feels in their experience. Feeling connected in therapy allows individuals to access important core emotions and gain a deeper sense of themselves. My goal is that people leave therapy with a renewed sense of vitality and a coherent narrative of who they are.
Do you find yourself longing for a deeper connection with yourself and others? You want close relationships and yet these very relationships become a source of pain? Many people find their way to therapy feeling lost, confused, and alone. For me, a most valuable aspect of therapy is connecting with a caring other and being able to undo the loneliness that one feels in their experience. Feeling connected in therapy allows individuals to access important core emotions and gain a deeper sense of themselves. My goal is that people leave therapy with a renewed sense of vitality and a coherent narrative of who they are.
(616) 312-2477 View (616) 312-2477

See more therapy options for Grand Rapids

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Grand Rapids, MI

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Grand Rapids, MI who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
89% Depression
77% Self Esteem
76% Relationship Issues
72% Trauma and PTSD
71% Coping Skills
70% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
69% Priority Health
63% Aetna

How Therapists in Grand Rapids, MI see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Grand Rapids?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.