Therapists in Allentown, PA

Photo of Elizabeth Rohner, Licensed Professional Counselor in Allentown, PA
Elizabeth Rohner
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Allentown, PA 18103
Waitlist for new clients
Getting to this point of looking for a counselor is already an accomplishment and you are on the right track! I can help you continue with your journey of healing - which can be a scary, difficult, but rewarding task. If you are struggling with day to day stressors, traumas, adjusting to a new normal, or experiencing all of the normal emotions surrounding them, hope is not far away. You've come this far already! I utilize mainly CBT, trauma-focused, solution-focused, and psychodynamic approaches to therapy.
Getting to this point of looking for a counselor is already an accomplishment and you are on the right track! I can help you continue with your journey of healing - which can be a scary, difficult, but rewarding task. If you are struggling with day to day stressors, traumas, adjusting to a new normal, or experiencing all of the normal emotions surrounding them, hope is not far away. You've come this far already! I utilize mainly CBT, trauma-focused, solution-focused, and psychodynamic approaches to therapy.
(484) 290-1182 View (484) 290-1182
Photo of Bethany Lockerman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Allentown, PA
Bethany Lockerman
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Allentown, PA 18103  (Online Only)
Hello! My name is Bethany Lockerman and I am a licensed professional counselor in Pennsylvania and Delaware. I have a real passion for "heart over head" style counseling where I take a more holistic and gospel centered approach to counseling. My hope and goal is to meet individuals where they are at and walk along side of them as they move toward a life with increased peace, joy, hope, and purpose!
Hello! My name is Bethany Lockerman and I am a licensed professional counselor in Pennsylvania and Delaware. I have a real passion for "heart over head" style counseling where I take a more holistic and gospel centered approach to counseling. My hope and goal is to meet individuals where they are at and walk along side of them as they move toward a life with increased peace, joy, hope, and purpose!
(484) 573-6592 View (484) 573-6592
Photo of Debra Bachmura, Psychologist in Allentown, PA
Debra Bachmura
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Allentown, PA 18104
I enjoy working with individuals across the lifespan, from young children to adults age 70+. I offer individual, couples, and family counseling. My approach is integrative as I strive to tailor my approach to your unique needs.
I enjoy working with individuals across the lifespan, from young children to adults age 70+. I offer individual, couples, and family counseling. My approach is integrative as I strive to tailor my approach to your unique needs.
(610) 859-4631 View (610) 859-4631
Photo of Lorraine M Dorfman, Psychologist in Allentown, PA
Lorraine M Dorfman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Allentown, PA 18103
Building Better Relationships. I specialize in relationships, whether it is with a partner, a friend, a family member, or yourself.
Building Better Relationships. I specialize in relationships, whether it is with a partner, a friend, a family member, or yourself.
(610) 915-8035 View (610) 915-8035
Photo of Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Allentown, PA
Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Allentown, PA 18102
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
Working with us you'll get results. Because we believe you're best served by a clinician who's passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to building an organization that truly allows therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals.
(610) 890-4554 x1 View (610) 890-4554 x1
Photo of Almut D Dubischar, Licensed Professional Counselor in Allentown, PA
Almut D Dubischar
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Allentown, PA 18104
Challenging circumstances or chronic stress can take a toll on our mental health. It’s great you are considering counseling to gain new insight into your life, make important changes, or simply feel more supported at this time. I believe having a better understanding of our past experiences and current habits can help us more effectively manage life’s ups and downs. My approach to counseling starts with identifying underlying causes of anger, anxiety, or depression—as well as uncovering each client’s unique strengths and coping strategies. From there, I strive to help clients develop new, healthier thought patterns and behaviors.
Challenging circumstances or chronic stress can take a toll on our mental health. It’s great you are considering counseling to gain new insight into your life, make important changes, or simply feel more supported at this time. I believe having a better understanding of our past experiences and current habits can help us more effectively manage life’s ups and downs. My approach to counseling starts with identifying underlying causes of anger, anxiety, or depression—as well as uncovering each client’s unique strengths and coping strategies. From there, I strive to help clients develop new, healthier thought patterns and behaviors.
(610) 756-0316 View (610) 756-0316
Photo of Edward Hardy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Allentown, PA
Edward Hardy
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Allentown, PA 18104  (Online Only)
Edward Hardy is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with more than 15 years of experience working in the field of mental health and addictions. Ed spent 7 years as a counselor at an Inpatient Christian treatment program in CA, another 6 years counseling at a medically assisted outpatient treatment program, and also counseled for two years at a Women’s inpatient treatment center. Ed is passionate about helping adults and couples address their unique challenges and live more fulfilled lives and specializes in relationship issues, anxiety, chronic stress, and low self-esteem.
Edward Hardy is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with more than 15 years of experience working in the field of mental health and addictions. Ed spent 7 years as a counselor at an Inpatient Christian treatment program in CA, another 6 years counseling at a medically assisted outpatient treatment program, and also counseled for two years at a Women’s inpatient treatment center. Ed is passionate about helping adults and couples address their unique challenges and live more fulfilled lives and specializes in relationship issues, anxiety, chronic stress, and low self-esteem.
(610) 546-2750 View (610) 546-2750
Photo of Chelsea Zimmerman Busch, Psychologist in Allentown, PA
Chelsea Zimmerman Busch
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Allentown, PA 18104
Not accepting new clients
Dr. Busch is a pediatric psychologist specializing in developmental and behavioral concerns in early childhood (ages 0-10). She received unique graduate training in a combined pediatric and school psychology program at Lehigh University. Dr. Busch completed her internship and a post-doctoral LEND Fellowship at Nemours Children's Hospital. She has also received training at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP). Dr. Busch has published and presented at multiple national conferences, and she has extensive experience providing therapy for young children and families in hospital, school, and private practice settings.
Dr. Busch is a pediatric psychologist specializing in developmental and behavioral concerns in early childhood (ages 0-10). She received unique graduate training in a combined pediatric and school psychology program at Lehigh University. Dr. Busch completed her internship and a post-doctoral LEND Fellowship at Nemours Children's Hospital. She has also received training at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP). Dr. Busch has published and presented at multiple national conferences, and she has extensive experience providing therapy for young children and families in hospital, school, and private practice settings.
(610) 665-3616 View (610) 665-3616
Photo of Samantha Pastier Llc, Licensed Professional Counselor in Allentown, PA
Samantha Pastier Llc
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Allentown, PA 18104
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who believes that in any dynamic, whether it is in couples, family, or individual counseling; in order to achieve a healthy lifestyle it is a journey and every journey starts with one step. The first step is seeking help with a therapist that knows and understands what you are going through. Throughout my work as a therapist, I have worked with a diverse group of individuals in a wide array of settings. Working with a diverse population, I have learned and truly believe that it takes a collaborative approach to treatment in order to achieve a healthy lifestyle.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who believes that in any dynamic, whether it is in couples, family, or individual counseling; in order to achieve a healthy lifestyle it is a journey and every journey starts with one step. The first step is seeking help with a therapist that knows and understands what you are going through. Throughout my work as a therapist, I have worked with a diverse group of individuals in a wide array of settings. Working with a diverse population, I have learned and truly believe that it takes a collaborative approach to treatment in order to achieve a healthy lifestyle.
(717) 775-6225 View (717) 775-6225
Photo of Bethany Werner, Licensed Professional Counselor in Allentown, PA
Bethany Werner
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Allentown, PA 18109
What makes me stand out from other counselors is my ability to grasp your needs and strengths quickly and get a solid understanding of what you are seeking from treatment. I am skilled with adapting my therapeutic approaches to match your personality and values. I have experience in a wide variety of settings so have knowledge of resources and different phases of mental health needs. I have successful experience treating individuals with depression, anxiety, mood disorders, life transitions, grief, anger, and relationship issues. If you are in need of just a few sessions or longer term treatment, I can support you.
What makes me stand out from other counselors is my ability to grasp your needs and strengths quickly and get a solid understanding of what you are seeking from treatment. I am skilled with adapting my therapeutic approaches to match your personality and values. I have experience in a wide variety of settings so have knowledge of resources and different phases of mental health needs. I have successful experience treating individuals with depression, anxiety, mood disorders, life transitions, grief, anger, and relationship issues. If you are in need of just a few sessions or longer term treatment, I can support you.
(484) 559-5856 View (484) 559-5856
Photo of Jacqueline Cunningham, Licensed Professional Counselor in Allentown, PA
Jacqueline Cunningham
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Allentown, PA 18104
Jackie Cunningham is a Licensed Professional Counselor who has been working in the field since 2017. Jackie specializes in eating disorders, anxiety, trauma, and self-esteem. Jackie is passionate about empowering her clients to handle life's stressors, learn new ways to cope, and recall the past but live in the present. Jackie helps her clients to find a healthy perception of themselves, strengthen their relationships with others, and build up their skill set so they feel confident in taking control of their lives. Jackie completed her Masters in Counseling and Human Services at Lehigh University in Bethlehem, PA.
Jackie Cunningham is a Licensed Professional Counselor who has been working in the field since 2017. Jackie specializes in eating disorders, anxiety, trauma, and self-esteem. Jackie is passionate about empowering her clients to handle life's stressors, learn new ways to cope, and recall the past but live in the present. Jackie helps her clients to find a healthy perception of themselves, strengthen their relationships with others, and build up their skill set so they feel confident in taking control of their lives. Jackie completed her Masters in Counseling and Human Services at Lehigh University in Bethlehem, PA.
(610) 553-3410 View (610) 553-3410
Photo of Veley Foundation, Licensed Professional Counselor in Allentown, PA
Veley Foundation
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Allentown, PA 18106
If you'd like to master coping skills, learn more about yourself, conquer anxiety and/or depression, we can help. Do you want to strengthen your relationships with family members or repair a damaged marriage? Would you like to work on co-parenting in order to enjoy your child and prepare them for a successful future? Veley Foundation can provide supportive parenting coaching in order to increase familial attachment and enhance emotional regulation for the individual and/or the entire family using a family systems approach.
If you'd like to master coping skills, learn more about yourself, conquer anxiety and/or depression, we can help. Do you want to strengthen your relationships with family members or repair a damaged marriage? Would you like to work on co-parenting in order to enjoy your child and prepare them for a successful future? Veley Foundation can provide supportive parenting coaching in order to increase familial attachment and enhance emotional regulation for the individual and/or the entire family using a family systems approach.
(267) 362-4310 View (267) 362-4310
Photo of Maribeth (Liz) Younger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Allentown, PA
Maribeth (Liz) Younger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Allentown, PA 18104
My therapeutic philosophy is that Individuals need to be a part of their own solutions. I strive to empower clients to feel that their successes come from themselves and are the result of their own hard work. My experience in social work is deliberately broad to address a wide range of concerns. My background includes child development/behavioral issues, Individual, couples counseling, adolescent, vocational/employment counseling, chronic disease case management, Advocacy and Life coaching.
My therapeutic philosophy is that Individuals need to be a part of their own solutions. I strive to empower clients to feel that their successes come from themselves and are the result of their own hard work. My experience in social work is deliberately broad to address a wide range of concerns. My background includes child development/behavioral issues, Individual, couples counseling, adolescent, vocational/employment counseling, chronic disease case management, Advocacy and Life coaching.
(610) 364-5175 View (610) 364-5175
Photo of Dr. Ryan Bowers, Licensed Professional Counselor in Allentown, PA
Dr. Ryan Bowers
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, NCC, CAADC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Allentown, PA 18102
Not accepting new clients
Seeking help from a mental health or addiction counselor can be a daunting task. Often times, individuals find themselves working with therapists who only give advice, teach how to breath, promote coloring in workbooks, and/or give homework assignments as a means to work on your presenting symptoms. With me, you will experience treatment in a different way. My name is Ryan Bowers and I am a professional counselor who practices traditional psychotherapy. This means that we will work on identifying core issues that are causing issues in your daily life, while creating goals that will help you be the best version of yourself.
Seeking help from a mental health or addiction counselor can be a daunting task. Often times, individuals find themselves working with therapists who only give advice, teach how to breath, promote coloring in workbooks, and/or give homework assignments as a means to work on your presenting symptoms. With me, you will experience treatment in a different way. My name is Ryan Bowers and I am a professional counselor who practices traditional psychotherapy. This means that we will work on identifying core issues that are causing issues in your daily life, while creating goals that will help you be the best version of yourself.
(610) 550-8872 View (610) 550-8872
Photo of Allison Gaines, Psychologist in Allentown, PA
Allison Gaines
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Allentown, PA 18104
Therapy offers a unique relationship in which an individual or family is able to gain support and insight to create positive and healthy changes. I feel humbled by the privilege to work with those who are motivated to seek opportunities to heal and grow. While I have a specialization in the treatment of children/adolescents and families, I enjoy working with a diverse population of clients. My utilization of a person-centered approach allows for each therapeutic relationship to be tailored to an individual, addressing issues and stressors as defined while developing a trusting and empathic partnership.
Therapy offers a unique relationship in which an individual or family is able to gain support and insight to create positive and healthy changes. I feel humbled by the privilege to work with those who are motivated to seek opportunities to heal and grow. While I have a specialization in the treatment of children/adolescents and families, I enjoy working with a diverse population of clients. My utilization of a person-centered approach allows for each therapeutic relationship to be tailored to an individual, addressing issues and stressors as defined while developing a trusting and empathic partnership.
(484) 262-0280 View (484) 262-0280
Photo of Jennifer Searing, Licensed Professional Counselor in Allentown, PA
Jennifer Searing
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, CBIS
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Allentown, PA 18106
Talking about life experiences and feelings can be difficult. Seeking counseling is a step that can feel overwhelming for adults and children alike. Picking a counselor that truly understands and connects to you or your loved one is the first step in healing process. With my unique set of skills, I can help you to navigate the therapy process and provide a safe and comforting therapeutic environment that fosters growth, insight, and healing.
Talking about life experiences and feelings can be difficult. Seeking counseling is a step that can feel overwhelming for adults and children alike. Picking a counselor that truly understands and connects to you or your loved one is the first step in healing process. With my unique set of skills, I can help you to navigate the therapy process and provide a safe and comforting therapeutic environment that fosters growth, insight, and healing.
(610) 600-9633 x1 View (610) 600-9633 x1
Photo of Lilly Snyder, Licensed Professional Counselor in Allentown, PA
Lilly Snyder
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Allentown, PA 18104
Sometimes, life gets a bit overwhelming and we lose sight of our path. Occasionally, our path becomes clouded with anxiety, depression, stress, life transitions, eating disorders, trauma, etc. While walking our path through life, therapy can provide a nonjudgmental space to vent, problem-solve, and seek coping tools. I would like to be that person for you. We will work together to set attainable goals and learn coping skills to help us on our journey through life.
Sometimes, life gets a bit overwhelming and we lose sight of our path. Occasionally, our path becomes clouded with anxiety, depression, stress, life transitions, eating disorders, trauma, etc. While walking our path through life, therapy can provide a nonjudgmental space to vent, problem-solve, and seek coping tools. I would like to be that person for you. We will work together to set attainable goals and learn coping skills to help us on our journey through life.
(610) 590-8299 View (610) 590-8299
Photo of Dawn Grochowiak, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Allentown, PA
Dawn Grochowiak
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Allentown, PA 18104  (Online Only)
Dawn Grochowiak is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 20 years of experience working with individuals, children & adolescents, and families. There is not a “one size fits all” approach to therapy, so Dawn will spend time understanding her clients’ experiences. Dawn will work to develop a personalized approach to address issues like stress, anxiety, depression, life transitions, or family and relationship issues. Dawn is passionate about building upon clients’ strengths, instilling hope, and providing a safe, warm, and accepting space to look inside and explore thoughts and feelings.
Dawn Grochowiak is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 20 years of experience working with individuals, children & adolescents, and families. There is not a “one size fits all” approach to therapy, so Dawn will spend time understanding her clients’ experiences. Dawn will work to develop a personalized approach to address issues like stress, anxiety, depression, life transitions, or family and relationship issues. Dawn is passionate about building upon clients’ strengths, instilling hope, and providing a safe, warm, and accepting space to look inside and explore thoughts and feelings.
(610) 632-5295 View (610) 632-5295
Photo of Mostafa A Easa, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Allentown, PA
Mostafa A Easa
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MD, MHP, CAADC
Not Verified Not Verified
Allentown, PA 18101
Many of us experience recurring feelings of loss, being lost, not belonging, unshakable sadness, anxiety about future outcomes. We may have experienced trauma, tragedy, abuse as a child or as an adult, toxic relationships or substance abuse etc. If you are reading this you have survived it and I salute your resilience. However sometimes we struggle to feel healthy and wholesome again. The good news is that no feeling is FINAL. Feelings come and go like the weather based on the thoughts that spin around in our heads. The most efficient way to handle such uncomfortable feelings is to learn how to understand and manage our thoughts.
Many of us experience recurring feelings of loss, being lost, not belonging, unshakable sadness, anxiety about future outcomes. We may have experienced trauma, tragedy, abuse as a child or as an adult, toxic relationships or substance abuse etc. If you are reading this you have survived it and I salute your resilience. However sometimes we struggle to feel healthy and wholesome again. The good news is that no feeling is FINAL. Feelings come and go like the weather based on the thoughts that spin around in our heads. The most efficient way to handle such uncomfortable feelings is to learn how to understand and manage our thoughts.
(610) 770-7222 View (610) 770-7222
Photo of Kayla Bolza, Licensed Professional Counselor in Allentown, PA
Kayla Bolza
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Allentown, PA 18103
Life can be overwhelming at times, but I am here to walk with you and help you conquer the challenges you encounter. I believe we all have our own unique strengths and that there is always hope. I emphasize the importance of focusing on these strengths and taking care of yourself. I also know that it is so important for all of us to have a safe spot where we can express our feelings and feel truly heard, understood, and free from judgment. I am proud of you for taking the first step and seeking therapy!
Life can be overwhelming at times, but I am here to walk with you and help you conquer the challenges you encounter. I believe we all have our own unique strengths and that there is always hope. I emphasize the importance of focusing on these strengths and taking care of yourself. I also know that it is so important for all of us to have a safe spot where we can express our feelings and feel truly heard, understood, and free from judgment. I am proud of you for taking the first step and seeking therapy!
(484) 255-8257 View (484) 255-8257

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Allentown, PA

500+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Allentown, PA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
78% Self Esteem
70% Coping Skills
68% Trauma and PTSD
65% Relationship Issues
59% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

87% Highmark
77% Aetna
70% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Allentown, PA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Allentown?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.