Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Beatrice Desir in Philadelphia, PA
Beatrice Desir
DO
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19134  (Online Only)
Dr. Desir is a Board-Certified Psychiatrist who completed her undergraduate training at The University of Scranton followed by medical school at the New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine. She completed her psychiatry residency at Nassau University Medical Center where she served as the Administrative Chief Resident in her final year. Dr. Desir has been in practice for 4 years and has provided patients with compassionate psychiatric care. She is experienced in treating various psychiatric illnesses including mood disorders, anxiety disorders, OCD, PTSD, and ADHD.
Dr. Desir is a Board-Certified Psychiatrist who completed her undergraduate training at The University of Scranton followed by medical school at the New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine. She completed her psychiatry residency at Nassau University Medical Center where she served as the Administrative Chief Resident in her final year. Dr. Desir has been in practice for 4 years and has provided patients with compassionate psychiatric care. She is experienced in treating various psychiatric illnesses including mood disorders, anxiety disorders, OCD, PTSD, and ADHD.
(267) 361-2038 View (267) 361-2038
Photo of Heather Charboneau, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Heather Charboneau
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19104
Heather Charboneau is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Pennsylvania who has been practicing since 2013. She has an MSW from Widener University and an MEd with a Focus in Human Sexuality from Widener University. Heather works from a strengths-based approach to help clients figure out what their strongest attributes are and how they can be used to help solve current stressors they are facing. Additionally, she works on behavioral activation and goal planning with clients to help them see a clear path forward to working on their problems and empowers them to tackle these stressors.
Heather Charboneau is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Pennsylvania who has been practicing since 2013. She has an MSW from Widener University and an MEd with a Focus in Human Sexuality from Widener University. Heather works from a strengths-based approach to help clients figure out what their strongest attributes are and how they can be used to help solve current stressors they are facing. Additionally, she works on behavioral activation and goal planning with clients to help them see a clear path forward to working on their problems and empowers them to tackle these stressors.
(267) 244-8328 View (267) 244-8328
Photo of Lindsay Fitzgerald, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Lindsay Fitzgerald
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19107
I am Clinical Social Worker licensed in New York and Pennsylvania. I have a holistic, laid-back, and compassionate approach to building relationships. I use talk therapy in combination with music, art, and mindfulness to understand where you are coming from. I hope to foster a non-judgmental space for you to process and understand your inner self.
I am Clinical Social Worker licensed in New York and Pennsylvania. I have a holistic, laid-back, and compassionate approach to building relationships. I use talk therapy in combination with music, art, and mindfulness to understand where you are coming from. I hope to foster a non-judgmental space for you to process and understand your inner self.
(267) 641-6135 View (267) 641-6135
Photo of Kate Manser, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Kate Manser
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
As a queer woman who practices polyamory, I can understand how we are often unprepared for the difficulties that arise when living in a mononormative society. It makes sense that emotions like fear or depression are brought up when we go outside of those norms, even for the seasoned consensually nonmonogamous folks. Together we can navigate your polyamorous relationship structure if you or you and your partner(s) find yourselves with insecure attachment styles impacting your relationship(s), are having difficulty managing boundaries, or need help dismantling couple's privlege.
As a queer woman who practices polyamory, I can understand how we are often unprepared for the difficulties that arise when living in a mononormative society. It makes sense that emotions like fear or depression are brought up when we go outside of those norms, even for the seasoned consensually nonmonogamous folks. Together we can navigate your polyamorous relationship structure if you or you and your partner(s) find yourselves with insecure attachment styles impacting your relationship(s), are having difficulty managing boundaries, or need help dismantling couple's privlege.
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Photo of Honora Feinberg, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Honora Feinberg
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19130
Not accepting new clients
I am a Masters-level clinician with a degree from University of Pennsylvania. My counseling approach incorporates modalities like DBT (Dialectical Behavior Therapy), CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy), and IFS (Internal Family Systems) to create an environment that honors the client’s lived experience.
I am a Masters-level clinician with a degree from University of Pennsylvania. My counseling approach incorporates modalities like DBT (Dialectical Behavior Therapy), CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy), and IFS (Internal Family Systems) to create an environment that honors the client’s lived experience.
(215) 621-8493 View (215) 621-8493
Photo of Daniella E Brown, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Daniella E Brown
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, R-DMT, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19118
My focus of interest is to become a therapeutic container to support the exploration of the mind-body connection within children and teens. I believe that the body carries valuable information about ourselves and our minds are actively trying to interpret it. I specialize in children who seek to improve their body awareness which provides coping skills for self-regulation, positive self-talk and overall physical/mental wellness. I have experience working with children with autism, adopted families, neurodivergent movers and people simply want a better connection with their bodies
My focus of interest is to become a therapeutic container to support the exploration of the mind-body connection within children and teens. I believe that the body carries valuable information about ourselves and our minds are actively trying to interpret it. I specialize in children who seek to improve their body awareness which provides coping skills for self-regulation, positive self-talk and overall physical/mental wellness. I have experience working with children with autism, adopted families, neurodivergent movers and people simply want a better connection with their bodies
(215) 598-6894 View (215) 598-6894
Photo of Michael Johnson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Michael Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Not accepting new clients
I believe that personal growth and change come from understanding. There is no shortage of therapeutic approaches to building understanding, and the "right one" just depends on what works best for you. My style of therapy focuses on the person in context - you're an individual, so therapy should match your individual needs. I pull from different evidence-based modalities like CBT, DBT, ACT, psychodynamic theory, and mindfulness, to help you get where you want to go. By exploring your past and present, I hope we can work together to shape the future you want.
I believe that personal growth and change come from understanding. There is no shortage of therapeutic approaches to building understanding, and the "right one" just depends on what works best for you. My style of therapy focuses on the person in context - you're an individual, so therapy should match your individual needs. I pull from different evidence-based modalities like CBT, DBT, ACT, psychodynamic theory, and mindfulness, to help you get where you want to go. By exploring your past and present, I hope we can work together to shape the future you want.
(484) 276-5331 View (484) 276-5331
Photo of John Applegate, MD & Associates, LLC in Philadelphia, PA
John Applegate, MD & Associates, LLC
MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19130
With years of experience and having earned the trust and respect of the Philadelphia Christian community, we are prepared to help you navigate the storms of life in good hands. With competent Christian psychiatrists, Christian psychologists, Biblical counselors and health coaching, we are well trained to address the complex interplay of body and soul.
With years of experience and having earned the trust and respect of the Philadelphia Christian community, we are prepared to help you navigate the storms of life in good hands. With competent Christian psychiatrists, Christian psychologists, Biblical counselors and health coaching, we are well trained to address the complex interplay of body and soul.
(215) 515-2821 View (215) 515-2821
Photo of James A Lockwood, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
James A Lockwood
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19130
Are you a teen, young adult, or working professional seeking practical solutions to life's challenges? Look no further. I'm James, a clinical therapist specializing in CBT with a holistic twist. In search of a compassionate guide who truly understands the complexities of modern life? Juggling the pressures of life, or relationships, or do you just want to become the best you? Together, we'll embark on a journey of self-discovery and growth, addressing immediate concerns while delving deeper into the underlying root of your struggles. Together we will explore, heal, and thrive!
Are you a teen, young adult, or working professional seeking practical solutions to life's challenges? Look no further. I'm James, a clinical therapist specializing in CBT with a holistic twist. In search of a compassionate guide who truly understands the complexities of modern life? Juggling the pressures of life, or relationships, or do you just want to become the best you? Together, we'll embark on a journey of self-discovery and growth, addressing immediate concerns while delving deeper into the underlying root of your struggles. Together we will explore, heal, and thrive!
(267) 389-2110 View (267) 389-2110
Photo of The Counselor's Heart Therapeutic Services, Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
The Counselor's Heart Therapeutic Services
Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC, LBC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19136  (Online Only)
As a Messianic Jewish Believer in Yeshua (Jesus) as my L-rd and Savior, I believe that Counselors are born and not made, As stated in Isaiah 9:6. When requested, providing Christian-based therapy to those who need a holistic approach. I am a licensed professional counselor at NCC in Pennsylvania with 25-plus years of experience as a psychotherapist, LBC, and Minister. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns, including trauma, anxiety, marital, couples, and family issues, depression, and youth & teens. Working in diverse settings: prisons, Outpatient, schools, churches, and inpatient.
As a Messianic Jewish Believer in Yeshua (Jesus) as my L-rd and Savior, I believe that Counselors are born and not made, As stated in Isaiah 9:6. When requested, providing Christian-based therapy to those who need a holistic approach. I am a licensed professional counselor at NCC in Pennsylvania with 25-plus years of experience as a psychotherapist, LBC, and Minister. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns, including trauma, anxiety, marital, couples, and family issues, depression, and youth & teens. Working in diverse settings: prisons, Outpatient, schools, churches, and inpatient.
(215) 703-2624 View (215) 703-2624
Photo of Janna Frieman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Janna Frieman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MSSP, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19139  (Online Only)
My clients are high-performing people seeking therapy because they feel depressed, trapped, or anxious in ways that prevent them from enjoying the lifes they have built. Many feel disconnected from their sense of purpose or from loved ones and wish to reconnect in new and healthy ways. I can help you learn about yourself, improve your sense of well-being, and face obstacles that challenge you with increased skill, ease, and clarity. My practice is 100% teletherapy, which lends itself well to discretion, efficiency, and flexibility. My clients attend therapy between meetings, at work, and from the couch while their baby naps.
My clients are high-performing people seeking therapy because they feel depressed, trapped, or anxious in ways that prevent them from enjoying the lifes they have built. Many feel disconnected from their sense of purpose or from loved ones and wish to reconnect in new and healthy ways. I can help you learn about yourself, improve your sense of well-being, and face obstacles that challenge you with increased skill, ease, and clarity. My practice is 100% teletherapy, which lends itself well to discretion, efficiency, and flexibility. My clients attend therapy between meetings, at work, and from the couch while their baby naps.
(215) 631-8678 View (215) 631-8678
Photo of Noha Eltoukhy, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Noha Eltoukhy
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19147  (Online Only)
Mental health struggles hinder a person’s every task, which is why taking care of your mental health is the best decision you can make for yourself. If you struggle with changing your mindsets and controlling your emotions, I aim to psychoeducate you on skills and techniques that are primarily solution-focused and goal-driven. By getting to know yourself on a deeper level, you can change how you conceptualize yourself, your interactions and your life experiences.
Mental health struggles hinder a person’s every task, which is why taking care of your mental health is the best decision you can make for yourself. If you struggle with changing your mindsets and controlling your emotions, I aim to psychoeducate you on skills and techniques that are primarily solution-focused and goal-driven. By getting to know yourself on a deeper level, you can change how you conceptualize yourself, your interactions and your life experiences.
(267) 762-2403 View (267) 762-2403
Photo of Innovatel Medical, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Innovatel Medical
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19109  (Online Only)
At Innovatel Medical our expert team of providers bring tailored mental wellness right to your home via telehealth. Your behavioral health needs are specific to you, and your care should be, too. From therapy services to medication assistance and prescribing, our accessible virtual services are your passport to a happier, healthier you – all from the comfort of your home. Don't let your mental health struggles hold you back; let us help guide you through your own unique journey of success and well-being.
At Innovatel Medical our expert team of providers bring tailored mental wellness right to your home via telehealth. Your behavioral health needs are specific to you, and your care should be, too. From therapy services to medication assistance and prescribing, our accessible virtual services are your passport to a happier, healthier you – all from the comfort of your home. Don't let your mental health struggles hold you back; let us help guide you through your own unique journey of success and well-being.
(267) 490-3963 View (267) 490-3963
Photo of Andi L Snyder, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Andi L Snyder
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19122
Not accepting new clients
Are you looking for a warm and open space to process anxiety, trauma, or other life events? I enjoy working with individuals who are living with ADHD, have experienced trauma, or have a unique family formation. I tailor our work to your unique situation. I bring warmth, energy, and openness to each session. I am a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional and bring a trauma-informed approach to therapy. I also have experience working with all members of the adoption triad & have completed additional training in adoption-informed therapeutic practice as well as additional training in CBT for ADHD through the Beck Institute.
Are you looking for a warm and open space to process anxiety, trauma, or other life events? I enjoy working with individuals who are living with ADHD, have experienced trauma, or have a unique family formation. I tailor our work to your unique situation. I bring warmth, energy, and openness to each session. I am a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional and bring a trauma-informed approach to therapy. I also have experience working with all members of the adoption triad & have completed additional training in adoption-informed therapeutic practice as well as additional training in CBT for ADHD through the Beck Institute.
(267) 662-2669 View (267) 662-2669
Photo of Susan Matour, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Susan Matour
Psychologist, JD, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
People contact me when they want to feel less anxious, down, or "stuck" in their lives. Some are paralized by panic and worry; others feel deeply discouraged and doubtful about their futures, and some are facing relationship problems, loss, or are at a crossroads in life. My clients range in age from 22 to 95, so I am familiar with the ways these struggles show themselves througout the lifespan. My approach is warm, collaborative, and shaped to each client's needs. The focus is on what we think, and how we treat our thinking.
People contact me when they want to feel less anxious, down, or "stuck" in their lives. Some are paralized by panic and worry; others feel deeply discouraged and doubtful about their futures, and some are facing relationship problems, loss, or are at a crossroads in life. My clients range in age from 22 to 95, so I am familiar with the ways these struggles show themselves througout the lifespan. My approach is warm, collaborative, and shaped to each client's needs. The focus is on what we think, and how we treat our thinking.
(215) 261-7917 View (215) 261-7917
Photo of Amy S Langsam, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Amy S Langsam
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19128
I specialize in treating individuals struggling with eating disorders, trauma, addictions, relationship issues, anxiety, and depression. I believe the most important aspect of effective psychotherapy is developing a trusting relationship between the client and therapist. My approach to therapy is collaborative, supportive, and empathetic. I am intensively trained in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and often use this approach in my clinical practice. Additionally, I utilize cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT), mindfulness, and client-centered interventions that are empirically supported to provide symptom relief.
I specialize in treating individuals struggling with eating disorders, trauma, addictions, relationship issues, anxiety, and depression. I believe the most important aspect of effective psychotherapy is developing a trusting relationship between the client and therapist. My approach to therapy is collaborative, supportive, and empathetic. I am intensively trained in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and often use this approach in my clinical practice. Additionally, I utilize cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT), mindfulness, and client-centered interventions that are empirically supported to provide symptom relief.
(267) 867-0724 View (267) 867-0724
Photo of Lauren Byck, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Lauren Byck
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
Therapy is a great tool to explore how your past experiences and early relationships influence your current relationships, symptoms of anxiety, depression, and how you navigate and process feelings.
Therapy is a great tool to explore how your past experiences and early relationships influence your current relationships, symptoms of anxiety, depression, and how you navigate and process feelings.
(484) 897-7100 View (484) 897-7100
Photo of Dionne Eddy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Dionne Eddy
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Hi there! I am looking forward to teaming up with you. I have an extreme fascination of the brain, in at least one of my sessions we will talk of how the brain is contributing to your struggles and how we will rewire it to work better for you. It is amazing how a small rewire can make a big change. Not to simplify of course, but to be used as one of the many tools in my tool box to share. I work with couples, teens and adults that struggle mostly with Anxiety and Depression.
Hi there! I am looking forward to teaming up with you. I have an extreme fascination of the brain, in at least one of my sessions we will talk of how the brain is contributing to your struggles and how we will rewire it to work better for you. It is amazing how a small rewire can make a big change. Not to simplify of course, but to be used as one of the many tools in my tool box to share. I work with couples, teens and adults that struggle mostly with Anxiety and Depression.
(484) 930-1858 View (484) 930-1858
Photo of Patricia Ventura, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Patricia Ventura
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Not accepting new clients
* I am not currently accepting new clients.* Our life experiences affect how we view the world and our confidence in navigating through it. Therapy provides an opportunity to examine how these life experiences strengthen and challenge us. Experiencing a traumatic event can cause the world to feel like a dangerous place and result in feeling incompetent in handling daily life tasks. Addressing trauma in therapy can decrease fear and increase confidence in regaining control of your life.
* I am not currently accepting new clients.* Our life experiences affect how we view the world and our confidence in navigating through it. Therapy provides an opportunity to examine how these life experiences strengthen and challenge us. Experiencing a traumatic event can cause the world to feel like a dangerous place and result in feeling incompetent in handling daily life tasks. Addressing trauma in therapy can decrease fear and increase confidence in regaining control of your life.
(215) 600-1437 View (215) 600-1437
Photo of Sparrow Therapeutic Services LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Sparrow Therapeutic Services LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
Many people come to therapists seeking someone to "fix" their problems, "relieve" their stressors or "heal" their personal pain and traumas. This is not what we do! However, you will learn to. Our purpose is to work with you to awaken the strength already residing inside of you, and to make you conscious of it, so that you may be your own cure. We are way-finders. We will walk with you on your journey within to discover your way to self-actualization, self-realization and becoming your best self.
Many people come to therapists seeking someone to "fix" their problems, "relieve" their stressors or "heal" their personal pain and traumas. This is not what we do! However, you will learn to. Our purpose is to work with you to awaken the strength already residing inside of you, and to make you conscious of it, so that you may be your own cure. We are way-finders. We will walk with you on your journey within to discover your way to self-actualization, self-realization and becoming your best self.
(267) 204-2787 View (267) 204-2787

See more therapy options for Philadelphia

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$143

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
74% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
60% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
65% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.