Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Sierra Thompson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Sierra Thompson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
Welcome, my name is Sierra Thompson and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with a Masters Degree in Clinical Counseling, specializing in trauma. I have years of experience working with adult and adolescent populations. My experience in the field has been comprised of private practice and community behavioral settings.
Welcome, my name is Sierra Thompson and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with a Masters Degree in Clinical Counseling, specializing in trauma. I have years of experience working with adult and adolescent populations. My experience in the field has been comprised of private practice and community behavioral settings.
(215) 798-5742 View (215) 798-5742
Photo of Eileen Moran, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Eileen Moran
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19125  (Online Only)
Hi there; I'm Eileen. It's good to see you here. If you're reading this, you've already taken a big step towards your own healing and growth. Sometimes, getting to the point of seeking outside support can feel like a journey in and of itself. I hope I can be a part of your journey from here. A little about me: while I have experience in helping folks with a broad range of issues, I specialize in helping people to heal from past experiences of trauma. I have extensive training in a number of evidenced-based techniques, and I am constantly seeking out new ways to help the people I serve.
Hi there; I'm Eileen. It's good to see you here. If you're reading this, you've already taken a big step towards your own healing and growth. Sometimes, getting to the point of seeking outside support can feel like a journey in and of itself. I hope I can be a part of your journey from here. A little about me: while I have experience in helping folks with a broad range of issues, I specialize in helping people to heal from past experiences of trauma. I have extensive training in a number of evidenced-based techniques, and I am constantly seeking out new ways to help the people I serve.
(215) 826-3258 View (215) 826-3258
Photo of Gina Rothermel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Gina Rothermel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19110
I find a lot of joy in helping teens and adults discover and reach their goals. I am skilled in helping clients increase self-esteem and self-acceptance, heal from trauma, manage depression, strengthen relationships, process grief and loss, and find the inner strength and resources to make desired changes in their lives.
I find a lot of joy in helping teens and adults discover and reach their goals. I am skilled in helping clients increase self-esteem and self-acceptance, heal from trauma, manage depression, strengthen relationships, process grief and loss, and find the inner strength and resources to make desired changes in their lives.
(215) 392-6879 View (215) 392-6879
Photo of Munirah Alam, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Munirah Alam
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Everyone deserves a journey of self-healing and self-discovery. In fact, allowing yourself to blossom is the avenue to experiencing self-love and meaningful connections with others. I have worked in the field of mental health for over 15 years, but started researching and seeking methods of healing since my early teens. I attended the University of California, San Diego, followed by Naropa University in Boulder, Colorado, studying Clinical Psychology, Critical Gender Studies, and Transpersonal Psychology.
Everyone deserves a journey of self-healing and self-discovery. In fact, allowing yourself to blossom is the avenue to experiencing self-love and meaningful connections with others. I have worked in the field of mental health for over 15 years, but started researching and seeking methods of healing since my early teens. I attended the University of California, San Diego, followed by Naropa University in Boulder, Colorado, studying Clinical Psychology, Critical Gender Studies, and Transpersonal Psychology.
(484) 739-1093 View (484) 739-1093
Photo of Erika Pranzo, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Erika Pranzo
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19147  (Online Only)
Being a mother is the greatest joy of life, right? Maybe that is what you were told or maybe that is even how you feel from time to time. But right now, you constantly feel like you cannot catch a break. If any of this sounds familiar to you, please know that you are not alone. I work with women overcoming the challenges of anxiety, depression, pregnancy & postpartum and work/life balance. Through our work together, we can build healthy boundaries, communication tools and coping skills to make life a little easier. As someone who can understand, I look forward to helping you break old patterns and build a life you truly enjoy.
Being a mother is the greatest joy of life, right? Maybe that is what you were told or maybe that is even how you feel from time to time. But right now, you constantly feel like you cannot catch a break. If any of this sounds familiar to you, please know that you are not alone. I work with women overcoming the challenges of anxiety, depression, pregnancy & postpartum and work/life balance. Through our work together, we can build healthy boundaries, communication tools and coping skills to make life a little easier. As someone who can understand, I look forward to helping you break old patterns and build a life you truly enjoy.
(267) 609-9386 View (267) 609-9386
Photo of Yusra Aziz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Yusra Aziz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
For people who have experienced anxiety, persistent stress or trauma— one of the greatest fears is feeling helpless to a pattern that keeps repeating itself over and over. In our painful search for relief, we might feel lonely and disconnected from friends/family. In the process, we might wear a “mask” to please others. The moments of self-doubt can leave us uncertain about our authentic voice and question whether we can truly trust ourselves. You deserve to feel acceptance and security within yourself. I believe our work together can help you move towards a life of meaningful healing and growth.
For people who have experienced anxiety, persistent stress or trauma— one of the greatest fears is feeling helpless to a pattern that keeps repeating itself over and over. In our painful search for relief, we might feel lonely and disconnected from friends/family. In the process, we might wear a “mask” to please others. The moments of self-doubt can leave us uncertain about our authentic voice and question whether we can truly trust ourselves. You deserve to feel acceptance and security within yourself. I believe our work together can help you move towards a life of meaningful healing and growth.
(267) 680-7188 View (267) 680-7188
Photo of Kristi Schroeder, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Kristi Schroeder
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Not accepting new clients
I provide individual therapy for people struggling with relationships, work, and managing everyday life. I have 10 years of experience in the mental health field and will work with you collaboratively to explore what is getting in the way of you living your life more fully. With empathy and understanding, I strive to create a safe and supportive space to allow you to discover meaning in your experiences and to navigate life's challenges. My foundational approach is psychodynamic and I use a variety of mindfulness based techniques to individualize your treatment. Our work is private and confidential.
I provide individual therapy for people struggling with relationships, work, and managing everyday life. I have 10 years of experience in the mental health field and will work with you collaboratively to explore what is getting in the way of you living your life more fully. With empathy and understanding, I strive to create a safe and supportive space to allow you to discover meaning in your experiences and to navigate life's challenges. My foundational approach is psychodynamic and I use a variety of mindfulness based techniques to individualize your treatment. Our work is private and confidential.
(484) 218-2860 View (484) 218-2860
Photo of Daniella Alcin Libertino, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Daniella Alcin Libertino
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19107  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with extensive experience in providing individual, couples, and family therapy to diverse populations across the lifespan.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with extensive experience in providing individual, couples, and family therapy to diverse populations across the lifespan.
(215) 935-4648 View (215) 935-4648
Photo of Marvin A Toliver, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Marvin A Toliver
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19104
My therapy focuses on you and your needs. My job is not to tell you what to do, but to walk alongside you on your journey, making you aware of and exploring things that may hinder your success. I am trauma-informed and feel that past experiences heavily impact how we navigate the world currently. Personal identity also plays a significant role in our lives and sometimes affects mental health. The client-therapist relationship is extremely important and it is my job to build trust, so you feel comfortable being completely open and honest in a non-judgmental session so positive change can occur.
My therapy focuses on you and your needs. My job is not to tell you what to do, but to walk alongside you on your journey, making you aware of and exploring things that may hinder your success. I am trauma-informed and feel that past experiences heavily impact how we navigate the world currently. Personal identity also plays a significant role in our lives and sometimes affects mental health. The client-therapist relationship is extremely important and it is my job to build trust, so you feel comfortable being completely open and honest in a non-judgmental session so positive change can occur.
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Photo of Toni Hellmann, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Toni Hellmann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19119  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I listen with an open mind and work collaboratively with you to develop your own personal wisdom and achieve lasting, meaningful change according to your goals. My approach is psychoanalytic, which means I'm equally interested in your contemporary life, your personal history, and your interior experience of the present moment.
I listen with an open mind and work collaboratively with you to develop your own personal wisdom and achieve lasting, meaningful change according to your goals. My approach is psychoanalytic, which means I'm equally interested in your contemporary life, your personal history, and your interior experience of the present moment.
(215) 607-7190 View (215) 607-7190
Photo of Amy Bowers, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Amy Bowers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Everyone experiences life differently, and at times, trying to figure out how to handle these experiences can become overwhelming. My goal is to provide a warm, welcoming, and safe environment where I can assist you in processing and gaining control of your thoughts, feelings, behaviors, relationships, and lifestyle balance. I empower people to overcome the burden of anxiety. I am interested in working with teenagers and adults. My areas of focus include anxiety, depression, grief, family conflict, behavioral issues, anger management, relationship problems, life transitions, stress management, and behavioral activation/motivation.
Everyone experiences life differently, and at times, trying to figure out how to handle these experiences can become overwhelming. My goal is to provide a warm, welcoming, and safe environment where I can assist you in processing and gaining control of your thoughts, feelings, behaviors, relationships, and lifestyle balance. I empower people to overcome the burden of anxiety. I am interested in working with teenagers and adults. My areas of focus include anxiety, depression, grief, family conflict, behavioral issues, anger management, relationship problems, life transitions, stress management, and behavioral activation/motivation.
(484) 559-7376 View (484) 559-7376
Photo of Andreea Crauciuc, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Andreea Crauciuc
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
I look forward to exploring your concerns, fears and needs in a supportive therapeutic environment. I enjoy working with individuals, couples, and families addressing substance abuse, relationship, mood issues ( depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, etc). I often work with family members who have trouble motivating a loved one to consider treatment, or who want to learn about their loved one's condition and how to best support them. I value maintaining relationships with other providers, including psychiatrists, other therapists such as group therapists, couple therapists, inpatient treatment facilities, etc. as part of maintaining good coordination of your care as necessary.
I look forward to exploring your concerns, fears and needs in a supportive therapeutic environment. I enjoy working with individuals, couples, and families addressing substance abuse, relationship, mood issues ( depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, etc). I often work with family members who have trouble motivating a loved one to consider treatment, or who want to learn about their loved one's condition and how to best support them. I value maintaining relationships with other providers, including psychiatrists, other therapists such as group therapists, couple therapists, inpatient treatment facilities, etc. as part of maintaining good coordination of your care as necessary.
(267) 744-4622 View (267) 744-4622
Photo of Shanee Oiknine, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Shanee Oiknine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19115  (Online Only)
As a mother to teen and school-aged kids, I know how worried we can get when our kids are sad or not acting like their 'regular ' selves. That said, I also know that with the right support, positive change is possible. As a child-adolescent counselor with over 21 years of experience, I understand how to foster a trusting therapeutic relationship with my clients to explore what they are experiencing and how best to help them overcome challenges. I also encourage you, as parents, to work with me to uncover the strengths, insights, and resources that will enable your teen or child to achieve their goals to live a more fulfilling life.
As a mother to teen and school-aged kids, I know how worried we can get when our kids are sad or not acting like their 'regular ' selves. That said, I also know that with the right support, positive change is possible. As a child-adolescent counselor with over 21 years of experience, I understand how to foster a trusting therapeutic relationship with my clients to explore what they are experiencing and how best to help them overcome challenges. I also encourage you, as parents, to work with me to uncover the strengths, insights, and resources that will enable your teen or child to achieve their goals to live a more fulfilling life.
(440) 659-1171 View (440) 659-1171
Photo of Julia Gottlieb, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Julia Gottlieb
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Not accepting new clients
I believe true healing and growth can occur through a collaborative, honest and compassionate therapeutic rapport. I am dedicated to creating a safe and non-judgmental space so you can build and nurture your authentic self.
I believe true healing and growth can occur through a collaborative, honest and compassionate therapeutic rapport. I am dedicated to creating a safe and non-judgmental space so you can build and nurture your authentic self.
(424) 354-4479 View (424) 354-4479
Photo of Perry Liss in Philadelphia, PA
Perry Liss
Esq, MA
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19110
While I counsel clients on all mental health related issues, my expertise lies in recovery from addiction/alcoholism, and coping with anxiety, stress & depression. If your goal is to stop drinking/using drugs, to cope with or support a loved one who suffers from addiction/alcoholism, or to cope with anxiety, stress and depression, I can absolutely help you. I know how difficult these issues are, and how important it is to find the right therapist to help you navigate them. I have lived with and overcome issues with addiction, anxiety, and depression. You want someone who personally understands what it's like, and I definitely do.
While I counsel clients on all mental health related issues, my expertise lies in recovery from addiction/alcoholism, and coping with anxiety, stress & depression. If your goal is to stop drinking/using drugs, to cope with or support a loved one who suffers from addiction/alcoholism, or to cope with anxiety, stress and depression, I can absolutely help you. I know how difficult these issues are, and how important it is to find the right therapist to help you navigate them. I have lived with and overcome issues with addiction, anxiety, and depression. You want someone who personally understands what it's like, and I definitely do.
(267) 668-2021 View (267) 668-2021
Photo of Jared Goldman, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Jared Goldman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
I am a clinical psychologist who specializes in individual therapy. I work with people facing a variety of issues, including anxiety, depression, anger, trauma, questions of identity, problems with self-esteem, health concerns, and loss of loved ones. I tailor my approach to meeting the needs of each client, whether they seek symptom reduction, changes in their personal or professional life, or in-depth analysis of thoughts and feelings. I believe I work especially well with clients who struggle with self-criticism and high standards, in particular when such traits interfere with their ability to be creative and productive.
I am a clinical psychologist who specializes in individual therapy. I work with people facing a variety of issues, including anxiety, depression, anger, trauma, questions of identity, problems with self-esteem, health concerns, and loss of loved ones. I tailor my approach to meeting the needs of each client, whether they seek symptom reduction, changes in their personal or professional life, or in-depth analysis of thoughts and feelings. I believe I work especially well with clients who struggle with self-criticism and high standards, in particular when such traits interfere with their ability to be creative and productive.
(267) 323-4919 View (267) 323-4919
Photo of Full Being Services, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Full Being Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, DAAETS
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19123
Whether you are experiencing life transitions, a family crisis, or have a diagnosable mental health concern, the Full Being team is here to support. We provide comprehensive wellness care in a culturally responsive manner. Often time clinicians may just focus on the cognitive, or the emotional. We believe in a holistic concept; working with you to support your growth and address your needs in the mind, body and spirit. Our clinicians have training in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI), Trauma-Focused CBT, Mindfulness, and more. Services offered include individual, family & couples sessions.
Whether you are experiencing life transitions, a family crisis, or have a diagnosable mental health concern, the Full Being team is here to support. We provide comprehensive wellness care in a culturally responsive manner. Often time clinicians may just focus on the cognitive, or the emotional. We believe in a holistic concept; working with you to support your growth and address your needs in the mind, body and spirit. Our clinicians have training in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI), Trauma-Focused CBT, Mindfulness, and more. Services offered include individual, family & couples sessions.
(215) 461-3248 View (215) 461-3248
Photo of Kathleen Shapiro, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Kathleen Shapiro
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19147  (Online Only)
I have a Master’s Degree in Professional Clinical Counseling from La Salle University and hold credentials as a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC). I have worked in the field for 10 years and have worked with individuals with a wide range of challenges; including addiction, crisis management, anxiety, depression, and other mood disorders. I have worked with adults 18 and older, but I believe any phase in life can be overwhelming without support or coping mechanisms.
I have a Master’s Degree in Professional Clinical Counseling from La Salle University and hold credentials as a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC). I have worked in the field for 10 years and have worked with individuals with a wide range of challenges; including addiction, crisis management, anxiety, depression, and other mood disorders. I have worked with adults 18 and older, but I believe any phase in life can be overwhelming without support or coping mechanisms.
(215) 999-7819 View (215) 999-7819
Photo of Life Skills Management Services LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Life Skills Management Services LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MBA, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19144  (Online Only)
We are licensed in Oregon, Maine, Minnesota, Florida, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, North Carolina and Colorado. We currently offer telehealth and virtual therapeutic services. We work with individuals with a wide range of concerns including depression, mood disorders, family relations issues, substance use disorders, and co-occurring disorders. We combine different therapeutic approaches based on client's presenting concerns, goals, and motivation, such as, cognitive-behavioral, brief therapy, mindfulness, client-centered, solution-focused therapy.
We are licensed in Oregon, Maine, Minnesota, Florida, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, North Carolina and Colorado. We currently offer telehealth and virtual therapeutic services. We work with individuals with a wide range of concerns including depression, mood disorders, family relations issues, substance use disorders, and co-occurring disorders. We combine different therapeutic approaches based on client's presenting concerns, goals, and motivation, such as, cognitive-behavioral, brief therapy, mindfulness, client-centered, solution-focused therapy.
(704) 327-5828 View (704) 327-5828
Photo of Meaningful Mental Health, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Meaningful Mental Health
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19122  (Online Only)
Are you looking for relief from anxiety, depression, grief, or loss? Perhaps you want more ways to cope and manage extreme emotions or moods. You might be feeling 'stuck' right now and are unsure about what to do next. At Meaningful Mental Health, I provide a safe and inclusive space where you can explore your emotions and experiences. Together, we'll develop effective coping strategies for anxiety, depression, grief, and more.
Are you looking for relief from anxiety, depression, grief, or loss? Perhaps you want more ways to cope and manage extreme emotions or moods. You might be feeling 'stuck' right now and are unsure about what to do next. At Meaningful Mental Health, I provide a safe and inclusive space where you can explore your emotions and experiences. Together, we'll develop effective coping strategies for anxiety, depression, grief, and more.
(215) 372-8628 View (215) 372-8628

See more therapy options for Philadelphia

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$143

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
74% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
60% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
65% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.