Therapists in Scranton, PA

Photo of Matthew Schaffer, Psychologist in Scranton, PA
Matthew Schaffer
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Scranton, PA 18509
It takes a great deal of courage to seek out psychological services. I admire anyone who seeks out services with me. I wholeheartedly believe that if I had the same biology and the same life experiences, I would be in the exact same position. While I offer general psychotherapy in my office on the grounds of Marywood University where I am an Assistant Professor, I specialize in treatment of intimate partner violence; a pervasive and destructive force in our culture. It is my passion to treat both offenders and those who have been impacted by violence.
It takes a great deal of courage to seek out psychological services. I admire anyone who seeks out services with me. I wholeheartedly believe that if I had the same biology and the same life experiences, I would be in the exact same position. While I offer general psychotherapy in my office on the grounds of Marywood University where I am an Assistant Professor, I specialize in treatment of intimate partner violence; a pervasive and destructive force in our culture. It is my passion to treat both offenders and those who have been impacted by violence.
(272) 225-5556 View (272) 225-5556
Photo of Corey Gazoo, Psychologist in Scranton, PA
Corey Gazoo
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Scranton, PA 18508
My Name is Dr. Corey Gazoo, and I am Licensed Clinical Psychologist at Northeastern Rehabilitation Associates. I received my doctorate degree in psychology from the Florida School of Professional Psychology and a master's degree in psychology from Marywood University. I have experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. My past experience includes working in private practice, community mental health, and school settings where I conducted individual, couples, and family therapy. As a therapist, I take a collaborative approach to assist in fostering self-efficacy and increase mental wellness.
My Name is Dr. Corey Gazoo, and I am Licensed Clinical Psychologist at Northeastern Rehabilitation Associates. I received my doctorate degree in psychology from the Florida School of Professional Psychology and a master's degree in psychology from Marywood University. I have experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. My past experience includes working in private practice, community mental health, and school settings where I conducted individual, couples, and family therapy. As a therapist, I take a collaborative approach to assist in fostering self-efficacy and increase mental wellness.
(570) 376-8024 x342 View (570) 376-8024 x342
Photo of Karen M Palonis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Karen M Palonis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Scranton, PA 18503
Everyday life often brings about many joys but also presents us with many obstacles, challenges, and disappointments that sometimes feel unbearable and lead us feeling overwhelmed, sad, and hopeless. The way we think and process these events lead to how we feel about ourselves in relation to the world. I use a cognitive behavioral approach to treat disorders related to anxiety, depression, grief, anger, obsessions, and compulsions. I assist individuals with developing the tools and skills necessary to make cognitive and behavioral changes that can open doors of opportunity for change, growth and personal fulfillment.
Everyday life often brings about many joys but also presents us with many obstacles, challenges, and disappointments that sometimes feel unbearable and lead us feeling overwhelmed, sad, and hopeless. The way we think and process these events lead to how we feel about ourselves in relation to the world. I use a cognitive behavioral approach to treat disorders related to anxiety, depression, grief, anger, obsessions, and compulsions. I assist individuals with developing the tools and skills necessary to make cognitive and behavioral changes that can open doors of opportunity for change, growth and personal fulfillment.
(570) 647-4273 View (570) 647-4273
Photo of Annmarie Kopec, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scranton, PA
Annmarie Kopec
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18503  (Online Only)
Do you ever find yourself saying, “Anxiety seems to control my life” and It seems like the weight of past traumas is too much to bear? Coping with distress can feel like an uphill battle. It's the sleepless nights spent worrying, the constant feeling of unease, and the haunting memories that linger. You may be longing for a way to regain control, to step out from the shadows of past traumas, and to find inner peace. You find yourself saying something has to change, but you’re just not sure what to do to overcome these feelings.
Do you ever find yourself saying, “Anxiety seems to control my life” and It seems like the weight of past traumas is too much to bear? Coping with distress can feel like an uphill battle. It's the sleepless nights spent worrying, the constant feeling of unease, and the haunting memories that linger. You may be longing for a way to regain control, to step out from the shadows of past traumas, and to find inner peace. You find yourself saying something has to change, but you’re just not sure what to do to overcome these feelings.
(272) 225-6711 View (272) 225-6711
Photo of Thaxton Holistic Wellness Center, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Thaxton Holistic Wellness Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, EMDR
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18504
You can reach us at 570-904-7363 and get to know our therapists at thaxtonholisticwellness.com. At THWC it is our mission to create a soothing, client-focused, healing-centered environment, committed and focused on you as a whole person. With over 75 years of combined experience, our skilled and compassionate therapists offer virtual and in-person individual, couple, family, and group counseling services for all ages and concerns. Supported by years of experience and training, we'll work with you to develop specific, tailored strategies using effective approaches to help you quickly achieve and sustain results and feel relief.
You can reach us at 570-904-7363 and get to know our therapists at thaxtonholisticwellness.com. At THWC it is our mission to create a soothing, client-focused, healing-centered environment, committed and focused on you as a whole person. With over 75 years of combined experience, our skilled and compassionate therapists offer virtual and in-person individual, couple, family, and group counseling services for all ages and concerns. Supported by years of experience and training, we'll work with you to develop specific, tailored strategies using effective approaches to help you quickly achieve and sustain results and feel relief.
(570) 354-0508 View (570) 354-0508
Photo of Stephanie Chapman Waters in Scranton, PA
Stephanie Chapman Waters
LSW
Verified Verified
Scranton, PA 18505
Waitlist for new clients
Hello and welcome to my Profile page! I am a Licensed Social Worker in Pennsylvania with a Master's Degree in Social Work from Temple University. I am a fun loving therapist that isn't afraid to give tough love when needed and/or offer a non-biased; honest truth. My ideal client is seeking change or maybe they just need a listening ear, someone that will be there for them in a time of need. Whether you are struggling with something, or just need someone to talk to. I am looking forward to helping you! We will work together, in a safe and inviting environment or via telehealth. We will find healthy coping methods that work for you.
Hello and welcome to my Profile page! I am a Licensed Social Worker in Pennsylvania with a Master's Degree in Social Work from Temple University. I am a fun loving therapist that isn't afraid to give tough love when needed and/or offer a non-biased; honest truth. My ideal client is seeking change or maybe they just need a listening ear, someone that will be there for them in a time of need. Whether you are struggling with something, or just need someone to talk to. I am looking forward to helping you! We will work together, in a safe and inviting environment or via telehealth. We will find healthy coping methods that work for you.
(272) 444-3077 View (272) 444-3077
Photo of Carrie Johanson, Psychologist in Scranton, PA
Carrie Johanson
Psychologist, PhD, MS, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18505
I work with individuals and couples that are burdened with unprecedented responsibility right now. Impossible expectations often lead to isolation and discourse, hiding our fears and doubts, and resentments. Hiding our true selves can increase negative coping skills, like over or under eating/drinking/sleeping. Therapy can become a place to process and share your inner thoughts and concerns, find balance, and find some new tools to feeling more grounded. I work with folks to feel confident to be transparent to loved ones and seek changes to improve their daily lives. My couples leave empowered to have the tough talks without fear.
I work with individuals and couples that are burdened with unprecedented responsibility right now. Impossible expectations often lead to isolation and discourse, hiding our fears and doubts, and resentments. Hiding our true selves can increase negative coping skills, like over or under eating/drinking/sleeping. Therapy can become a place to process and share your inner thoughts and concerns, find balance, and find some new tools to feeling more grounded. I work with folks to feel confident to be transparent to loved ones and seek changes to improve their daily lives. My couples leave empowered to have the tough talks without fear.
(570) 209-9898 View (570) 209-9898
Photo of Zigray Counseling Services , Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Zigray Counseling Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18510
Welcome to Zigray Counseling Services! I believe in the importance of the mind-body connection. Mental health is essential to our overall well-being. My counseling style encourages healthy lifestyle changes in order to improve mental health and wellness. It is also predicated on establishing a trusting relationship that allows for a non- judgemental atmosphere. I believe that change occurs in relation to others.
Welcome to Zigray Counseling Services! I believe in the importance of the mind-body connection. Mental health is essential to our overall well-being. My counseling style encourages healthy lifestyle changes in order to improve mental health and wellness. It is also predicated on establishing a trusting relationship that allows for a non- judgemental atmosphere. I believe that change occurs in relation to others.
(570) 260-9735 View (570) 260-9735
Photo of Nicole Dubiac, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Nicole Dubiac
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Scranton, PA 18503
Pain is an inevitable part of the human condition. You don't have to go through this pain alone, though. Whatever pain it may be, I enjoy helping people work through and transform their pain into something more manageable. I enjoy working with individuals grieving a variety of losses: loss of a loved one, loss of a relationship, loss of a pet, loss of an aspiration, etc. No loss is insignificant. Although I cannot take away your pain I can promise to do my best to support you through this difficult time in your life.
Pain is an inevitable part of the human condition. You don't have to go through this pain alone, though. Whatever pain it may be, I enjoy helping people work through and transform their pain into something more manageable. I enjoy working with individuals grieving a variety of losses: loss of a loved one, loss of a relationship, loss of a pet, loss of an aspiration, etc. No loss is insignificant. Although I cannot take away your pain I can promise to do my best to support you through this difficult time in your life.
(272) 200-3634 View (272) 200-3634
Photo of Darren Scott Rivera, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Darren Scott Rivera
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Scranton, PA 18503
Waitlist for new clients
I am a National Board Certified Counselor (NCC), and licensed professional counselor in PA with 5 years of clinical experience primarily working with children and adolescents in individual, group, and family therapy. I provide a professional therapeutic relationship to individuals experiencing but not limited to anxiety, panic, depression, grief/loss, and relationship issues. I have experience in working with clients who experience self-harm, and suicidal ideation. Treatment is tailored to the client and their presenting concerns with a goal of achieving overall wellness.
I am a National Board Certified Counselor (NCC), and licensed professional counselor in PA with 5 years of clinical experience primarily working with children and adolescents in individual, group, and family therapy. I provide a professional therapeutic relationship to individuals experiencing but not limited to anxiety, panic, depression, grief/loss, and relationship issues. I have experience in working with clients who experience self-harm, and suicidal ideation. Treatment is tailored to the client and their presenting concerns with a goal of achieving overall wellness.
(272) 770-0734 View (272) 770-0734
Photo of Brandon Puglisi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scranton, PA
Brandon Puglisi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CAMS-II
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18503
Has the world become more difficult to manage and you're feeling as if something is off? We are living in a day and age where there are too many uncertainties and it is increasing our anxiety and making us more depressed. For some, intense emotions have increased and has been causing significant problems in relationships, both professional and personal. It can seem like it is impossible to navigate, but the great news is there is hope! Can you imagine what it would feel like to hit a life stressor and be able to pause, think, reframe then react? Change is possible and you deserve support
Has the world become more difficult to manage and you're feeling as if something is off? We are living in a day and age where there are too many uncertainties and it is increasing our anxiety and making us more depressed. For some, intense emotions have increased and has been causing significant problems in relationships, both professional and personal. It can seem like it is impossible to navigate, but the great news is there is hope! Can you imagine what it would feel like to hit a life stressor and be able to pause, think, reframe then react? Change is possible and you deserve support
(570) 260-9129 View (570) 260-9129
Photo of Tony Kearney LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Tony Kearney LPC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CAADC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18505  (Online Only)
I am a compassionate, person-centered therapist specializing in Emotion Focused Couple's Therapy (EFT), a highly effective approach helping couples achieve more trust, safety, security and closeness in their relationship. It is a very affirming model, with an active therapist guiding you and your partner as you learn new ways of relating to one another. I also use it for my clients in individual therapy. I am certified in alcohol and drug addiction.
I am a compassionate, person-centered therapist specializing in Emotion Focused Couple's Therapy (EFT), a highly effective approach helping couples achieve more trust, safety, security and closeness in their relationship. It is a very affirming model, with an active therapist guiding you and your partner as you learn new ways of relating to one another. I also use it for my clients in individual therapy. I am certified in alcohol and drug addiction.
(570) 279-4564 View (570) 279-4564
Photo of Hannah McMinn, Pre-Licensed Professional in Scranton, PA
Hannah McMinn
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18504
Hello! My name is Hannah McMinn, and I hold a Master of Science in Community and Trauma Counseling. My area of focus is trauma and helping people to find peace and balance, despite early experiences of adversity and hardship. I've worked with people of all ages and have an affinity for working with adolescents, young adults, and parents who's children are struggling with behavioral health and/or trauma. I also have experience working with adolescents who do not traditionally like therapy or who have been mandated to therapy by Children and Youth or Juvenile Probation.
Hello! My name is Hannah McMinn, and I hold a Master of Science in Community and Trauma Counseling. My area of focus is trauma and helping people to find peace and balance, despite early experiences of adversity and hardship. I've worked with people of all ages and have an affinity for working with adolescents, young adults, and parents who's children are struggling with behavioral health and/or trauma. I also have experience working with adolescents who do not traditionally like therapy or who have been mandated to therapy by Children and Youth or Juvenile Probation.
(272) 203-7535 View (272) 203-7535
Photo of Candice Lewis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Candice Lewis
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18505
Hello! I can be a support as you start your journey towards insight and well being. Life can be unpredictable and overwhelming at times. It's not unusual for everyone, at one point or another, to experience up and downs throughout life. Deciding to look into options for counseling is a big step towards taking care of you and building an understanding of mental health concerns and strategies to improve how you feel. I have experience working with clients of all ages with concerns such as: life stress, anxiety, depression, grief, self-esteem, divorce, and relationship conflicts.
Hello! I can be a support as you start your journey towards insight and well being. Life can be unpredictable and overwhelming at times. It's not unusual for everyone, at one point or another, to experience up and downs throughout life. Deciding to look into options for counseling is a big step towards taking care of you and building an understanding of mental health concerns and strategies to improve how you feel. I have experience working with clients of all ages with concerns such as: life stress, anxiety, depression, grief, self-esteem, divorce, and relationship conflicts.
(570) 514-5146 View (570) 514-5146
Photo of Tammy Lee Rade, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scranton, PA
Tammy Lee Rade
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18509
I have a passion for listening to people and helping them unpack their current struggles to develop skills needed to grow and move forward. I take pride in creating a non-judgemental and safe space to explore struggles with my clients. I graduated with my masters in social work from the University of Chicago and my masters in theology from the Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago. I have worked with people who were coming from many different walks of life and facing many different challenges. I have worked with children as well as families, couples, and individual adults.
I have a passion for listening to people and helping them unpack their current struggles to develop skills needed to grow and move forward. I take pride in creating a non-judgemental and safe space to explore struggles with my clients. I graduated with my masters in social work from the University of Chicago and my masters in theology from the Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago. I have worked with people who were coming from many different walks of life and facing many different challenges. I have worked with children as well as families, couples, and individual adults.
(570) 609-2873 View (570) 609-2873
Photo of Kristin Patchell-Pellis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Kristin Patchell-Pellis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Scranton, PA 18503
My philosophy comes from the perspective that we can all find the strength we need within ourselves, more than we believe is possible, by examining and challenging our thoughts, feelings and perspectives. By evaluating our own expectations and those we hold of others we can better understand how to attain our personal goals and overcome challenges. As a woman, mother and athlete I value the importance of maximizing my potential as a human being and finding balance in the face of the very obstacles and challenges that make me human, and I bring that attitude to my work with others.
My philosophy comes from the perspective that we can all find the strength we need within ourselves, more than we believe is possible, by examining and challenging our thoughts, feelings and perspectives. By evaluating our own expectations and those we hold of others we can better understand how to attain our personal goals and overcome challenges. As a woman, mother and athlete I value the importance of maximizing my potential as a human being and finding balance in the face of the very obstacles and challenges that make me human, and I bring that attitude to my work with others.
(973) 928-0472 View (973) 928-0472
Photo of Leah Losavich, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scranton, PA
Leah Losavich
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Scranton, PA 18503
Life can become overwhelming, sometimes we forget it is a work in progress. The last few years have been a wild ride! Detours can happen making it easy to forget that the detours may be necessary to help us move forward. I enjoy having the privilege of helping individuals reach their full potential by helping to recognize their strengths through therapeutic intervention, self care, identifying coping strategies and learning to stay in the moment. The work can be difficult but that does not mean there may not be laughter, tears and progress.
Life can become overwhelming, sometimes we forget it is a work in progress. The last few years have been a wild ride! Detours can happen making it easy to forget that the detours may be necessary to help us move forward. I enjoy having the privilege of helping individuals reach their full potential by helping to recognize their strengths through therapeutic intervention, self care, identifying coping strategies and learning to stay in the moment. The work can be difficult but that does not mean there may not be laughter, tears and progress.
(272) 268-7453 View (272) 268-7453
Photo of Megan Greenwald, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Megan Greenwald
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, , CGCS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18504
Waitlist for new clients
I have experience working with adolescents and adults, who experience situations or symptoms related to grief work, trauma, eating disorders, anxiety, depression, codependency, anger management, bipolar disorder and attachment work. I work to provide a warm and unconditional environment that will allow clients to feel safe, accepted and free to explore their current life circumstances and come to know the strength within them. I currently work in office and telehealth sessions if needed.
I have experience working with adolescents and adults, who experience situations or symptoms related to grief work, trauma, eating disorders, anxiety, depression, codependency, anger management, bipolar disorder and attachment work. I work to provide a warm and unconditional environment that will allow clients to feel safe, accepted and free to explore their current life circumstances and come to know the strength within them. I currently work in office and telehealth sessions if needed.
(272) 206-2860 View (272) 206-2860
Photo of Amanda Gentile, Licensed Professional Counselor in Scranton, PA
Amanda Gentile
Licensed Professional Counselor, BA, MA
Verified Verified
Scranton, PA 18503
My devotion consists of working with a variety of individuals who suffer from mental health disorders. My experiences vary from anxiety, depression, addiction, and codependency disorders. My specialty focuses in grief therapy. I use cognitive behavior therapy and psychotherapy to support an individuals greater well being.
My devotion consists of working with a variety of individuals who suffer from mental health disorders. My experiences vary from anxiety, depression, addiction, and codependency disorders. My specialty focuses in grief therapy. I use cognitive behavior therapy and psychotherapy to support an individuals greater well being.
(570) 399-3223 View (570) 399-3223
Photo of Brenda S Staerker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Scranton, PA
Brenda S Staerker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Scranton, PA 18504
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with extensive experience treating individuals, couples and families negatively impacted by generational trauma and serious mental illnesses. My goal is to help you access and understand your emotions, thoughts and behaviors; putting them into a narrative that will help you develop a stronger, healthier sense of self!
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with extensive experience treating individuals, couples and families negatively impacted by generational trauma and serious mental illnesses. My goal is to help you access and understand your emotions, thoughts and behaviors; putting them into a narrative that will help you develop a stronger, healthier sense of self!
(272) 268-7495 View (272) 268-7495

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Scranton, PA

100+

Average cost per session

$115

Therapists in Scranton, PA who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
88% Depression
87% Self Esteem
81% Relationship Issues
76% Trauma and PTSD
74% Coping Skills
68% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Highmark
78% Geisinger
76% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Scranton, PA see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
23% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Scranton?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.