Therapists in Chicago, IL

View neighborhoods in Chicago
Photo of Anne H Carter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Anne H Carter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602  (Online Only)
Have you noticed changes in your stress level or how you deal with stress in your life? You may feel like you need to hide certain parts of yourself from your friends or family to avoid conflict or fit in. Maybe it’s coming out as drinking more often or having more drinks when you do. Are you binging on food, not eating for days at time or barely eating anything when you do eat? You could be turning to, or relying on other behaviors or substances. Or you may be in recovery but other parts of your life continue to feel unmanageable, frustrating, or leaving you feeling trapped.
Have you noticed changes in your stress level or how you deal with stress in your life? You may feel like you need to hide certain parts of yourself from your friends or family to avoid conflict or fit in. Maybe it’s coming out as drinking more often or having more drinks when you do. Are you binging on food, not eating for days at time or barely eating anything when you do eat? You could be turning to, or relying on other behaviors or substances. Or you may be in recovery but other parts of your life continue to feel unmanageable, frustrating, or leaving you feeling trapped.
(312) 572-9932 x2 View (312) 572-9932 x2
Photo of Anya Ross, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Anya Ross
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60657  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Do you notice repetitive patterns of thoughts, feelings, or actions in your life that bother you? Does your "best you" feel fleetingly accessible, if at all? As a therapist, my job is to create a therapeutic space for you to enter and experience both the absence of judgement and presence of unconditional acceptance. As a client, your job is to continue to invest in understanding yourself better and extending curiosity to your innermost parts. Together, we'll collaborate with curiosity and compassion to investigate and appreciate the challenges, insights, and triumphs of your ongoing story.
Do you notice repetitive patterns of thoughts, feelings, or actions in your life that bother you? Does your "best you" feel fleetingly accessible, if at all? As a therapist, my job is to create a therapeutic space for you to enter and experience both the absence of judgement and presence of unconditional acceptance. As a client, your job is to continue to invest in understanding yourself better and extending curiosity to your innermost parts. Together, we'll collaborate with curiosity and compassion to investigate and appreciate the challenges, insights, and triumphs of your ongoing story.
(872) 206-9679 View (872) 206-9679
Photo of Irwin Z Hoffman, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Irwin Z Hoffman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60602
At the heart of my perspective is the idea that as a therapist I have a special kind of role and potential for influence on people's lives. At the same time, I am participating as a fellow human being with an array of emotions and personal tendencies not unlike those of the people who come to me for help. And indeed, as is common of people in the field, and even as is required in formal analytic training, I’ve been a patient myself (hopefully yielding enhanced self-awareness). So I know what it’s like from both sides.
At the heart of my perspective is the idea that as a therapist I have a special kind of role and potential for influence on people's lives. At the same time, I am participating as a fellow human being with an array of emotions and personal tendencies not unlike those of the people who come to me for help. And indeed, as is common of people in the field, and even as is required in formal analytic training, I’ve been a patient myself (hopefully yielding enhanced self-awareness). So I know what it’s like from both sides.
(312) 257-3645 View (312) 257-3645
Photo of NOCD- Therapists for OCD, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
NOCD- Therapists for OCD
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601  (Online Only)
Imagine what life would be like if you weren't bothered by OCD. NOCD is here to help you regain peace of mind. NOCD is a digital health company that’s focused on effectively treating people with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Inside the NOCD mobile app, you can work with one of our licensed mental health therapists with specialty training in OCD. When your therapist isn’t available, access support communities and therapeutic tools - so that you are never alone. NOCD’s protocol has been proven to reduce OCD severity by 40% in less than 10 weeks.
Imagine what life would be like if you weren't bothered by OCD. NOCD is here to help you regain peace of mind. NOCD is a digital health company that’s focused on effectively treating people with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Inside the NOCD mobile app, you can work with one of our licensed mental health therapists with specialty training in OCD. When your therapist isn’t available, access support communities and therapeutic tools - so that you are never alone. NOCD’s protocol has been proven to reduce OCD severity by 40% in less than 10 weeks.
(872) 239-3769 View (872) 239-3769
Photo of Evelyn Williams, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Evelyn Williams
Pre-Licensed Professional, LSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640
I provide a caring, compassionate, and safe space to explore life’s challenges and complex emotional experiences. I am invested in an integrative and holistic approach to mental health. Together, we will take time to collaboratively create both short and long-term goals, and we will regularly review progress to ensure we are on track. Most importantly, I work together with my clients to help identify their strengths and to overcome obstacles that keep them from living a happy and fulfilling life.
I provide a caring, compassionate, and safe space to explore life’s challenges and complex emotional experiences. I am invested in an integrative and holistic approach to mental health. Together, we will take time to collaboratively create both short and long-term goals, and we will regularly review progress to ensure we are on track. Most importantly, I work together with my clients to help identify their strengths and to overcome obstacles that keep them from living a happy and fulfilling life.
(312) 210-0303 View (312) 210-0303
Photo of Yazmine Howard, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Yazmine Howard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60640
My name is Yazmine Howard, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in the Chicagoland area and currently have a decade of experience working with primarily African-American adolescents, adults, and families. My experiences include crisis intervention, substance abuse treatment, group & individual therapy, along with family therapy. I utilize an integrative approach in my sessions and prioritize the therapeutic relationship and rapport that is developed with each client to increase the outcomes of therapy.
My name is Yazmine Howard, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in the Chicagoland area and currently have a decade of experience working with primarily African-American adolescents, adults, and families. My experiences include crisis intervention, substance abuse treatment, group & individual therapy, along with family therapy. I utilize an integrative approach in my sessions and prioritize the therapeutic relationship and rapport that is developed with each client to increase the outcomes of therapy.
(773) 257-7299 View (773) 257-7299
Photo of Darryl Clayton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Darryl Clayton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60607  (Online Only)
Yes! You are ready, and I am here to help! It is not always easy to seek help in a world in which you often feel unsafe, unseen, unprotected, and at times perceived as a threat. Far too often, you are met with unrealistic expectations on how you're "supposed" to feel and express emotions and what it means "to be a man." I have been able to transform the lives of teenagers and adults who've had significant difficulty managing stress, regulating their emotions, navigating social situations, and processing loss and grief.
Yes! You are ready, and I am here to help! It is not always easy to seek help in a world in which you often feel unsafe, unseen, unprotected, and at times perceived as a threat. Far too often, you are met with unrealistic expectations on how you're "supposed" to feel and express emotions and what it means "to be a man." I have been able to transform the lives of teenagers and adults who've had significant difficulty managing stress, regulating their emotions, navigating social situations, and processing loss and grief.
(312) 906-7849 View (312) 906-7849
Photo of Ty Oreskovic, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Ty Oreskovic
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60657
I regularly treat the following symptoms: OCD- Intrusive thoughts; needing reassurance; counting, checking, and reviewing for certainty; searching for answers on Google and Reddit; mentally reviewing/planning for any scenario; generally needing things to feel "complete". Social anxiety- difficulty showing up as your true self; struggling to socialize, connect, or date; wondering what others think about you. Panic-Fears about "losing control", embarrassing yourself, or having a heart attack when feeling panicky; not being able to do what you want (ride a train, go to work, etc) due to anxiety.
I regularly treat the following symptoms: OCD- Intrusive thoughts; needing reassurance; counting, checking, and reviewing for certainty; searching for answers on Google and Reddit; mentally reviewing/planning for any scenario; generally needing things to feel "complete". Social anxiety- difficulty showing up as your true self; struggling to socialize, connect, or date; wondering what others think about you. Panic-Fears about "losing control", embarrassing yourself, or having a heart attack when feeling panicky; not being able to do what you want (ride a train, go to work, etc) due to anxiety.
(773) 232-3127 View (773) 232-3127
Photo of Lauren Michelle Lee, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Lauren Michelle Lee
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657
Hello! I am a graduate from The Family Institute at Northwestern University with a wide range of experience helping late adolescents and adults navigate job stress, anxiety, depression, substance use, grief/loss, trauma, LGBTQIA+ identities, relationship concerns and the many other challenges we may face in life.
Hello! I am a graduate from The Family Institute at Northwestern University with a wide range of experience helping late adolescents and adults navigate job stress, anxiety, depression, substance use, grief/loss, trauma, LGBTQIA+ identities, relationship concerns and the many other challenges we may face in life.
(872) 250-5116 View (872) 250-5116
Photo of Dr. Mary Kirschner, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Dr. Mary Kirschner
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60647  (Online Only)
Life is filled with ups and downs, countless transitions and changes and I'm here to help support you through them. I'm a doctoral level therapist and it is my goal to create a safe, non judgmental space where you can be yourself, identify your goals, and make meaningful changes. Even when things seem impossible, I'm here to help you find solutions and tools to live your best life.
Life is filled with ups and downs, countless transitions and changes and I'm here to help support you through them. I'm a doctoral level therapist and it is my goal to create a safe, non judgmental space where you can be yourself, identify your goals, and make meaningful changes. Even when things seem impossible, I'm here to help you find solutions and tools to live your best life.
(872) 206-9617 View (872) 206-9617
Photo of Christopher Chroniak, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Christopher Chroniak
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60603
Hello, I'm Dr. Chris Chroniak. For 38 years I have assisted individuals struggling with depression, stress and anxiety, trauma, grief and loss, divorce, OCD, a relationship or lack of one, as well as numerous other psychological and emotional issues. I begin therapy by developing a warm and genuine relationship with my client. We then work together to explore and work through the underlying issues that block growth and cause pain or discomfort. I also teach my clients practical and effective tools that help them deal with painful and troubling thoughts and feelings, as they occur, moment by moment.
Hello, I'm Dr. Chris Chroniak. For 38 years I have assisted individuals struggling with depression, stress and anxiety, trauma, grief and loss, divorce, OCD, a relationship or lack of one, as well as numerous other psychological and emotional issues. I begin therapy by developing a warm and genuine relationship with my client. We then work together to explore and work through the underlying issues that block growth and cause pain or discomfort. I also teach my clients practical and effective tools that help them deal with painful and troubling thoughts and feelings, as they occur, moment by moment.
(773) 219-2056 View (773) 219-2056
Andrew Pakis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60659
Are there issues in your life related to your primary relationship, work experience, social activities, or family? Do these issues create roadblocks and obstacles that cause you to feel depressed, anxious, angry, and frustrated? Have you tried to settle these issues on your own and found little lasting success? You're not alone. Life is a very demanding and stressful experience. We can all use some direction and guidance from professionals that help us with tools and ideas we never thought could help us to achieve the lasting change we desire.
Are there issues in your life related to your primary relationship, work experience, social activities, or family? Do these issues create roadblocks and obstacles that cause you to feel depressed, anxious, angry, and frustrated? Have you tried to settle these issues on your own and found little lasting success? You're not alone. Life is a very demanding and stressful experience. We can all use some direction and guidance from professionals that help us with tools and ideas we never thought could help us to achieve the lasting change we desire.
(773) 207-3485 View (773) 207-3485
Photo of Danielle Simmons, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Danielle Simmons
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60607  (Online Only)
Hello. Are you an adult, 18 years or older, seeking a safe, judgment-free space to talk out your concerns? With 10 years experience as a therapist, I've devoted my life to understanding and supporting wellness. We all know life can be isolating and unpredictable at times. Are you experiencing *Adjustments to Significant Life Transitions *Feelings of Stuckness or Despair *Identity Related Concerns *LGBTQIQA Concerns *Management of Racial & Cultural Tensions * Challenges with Boundary Setting *Anger Management *Conflict Resolution *Grief/ Loss *Career Related Concerns *Managing Family Related Responsibilities *Mindful Living *Issues with Anxiety or Stress Management?
Hello. Are you an adult, 18 years or older, seeking a safe, judgment-free space to talk out your concerns? With 10 years experience as a therapist, I've devoted my life to understanding and supporting wellness. We all know life can be isolating and unpredictable at times. Are you experiencing *Adjustments to Significant Life Transitions *Feelings of Stuckness or Despair *Identity Related Concerns *LGBTQIQA Concerns *Management of Racial & Cultural Tensions * Challenges with Boundary Setting *Anger Management *Conflict Resolution *Grief/ Loss *Career Related Concerns *Managing Family Related Responsibilities *Mindful Living *Issues with Anxiety or Stress Management?
(872) 216-3241 View (872) 216-3241
Photo of Becca Caliendo, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Becca Caliendo
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCP, MM, MA, Reiki, yoga
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60657
Struggling with issues related to trauma, grief, body image, life changes, anxiety, or general unhappiness? Sessions involve a somatic collaborative approach to help you feel supported. We will discover your strengths and work on coping mechanisms that work for you to live a more balanced life. I strive for each client to feel empowered and choose to meet them where they are in a way specific to their own individual needs. With your agency and permission, I may utilize EMDR, movement and intuition, reiki, as well as psychotherapeutic factors to work towards healing. Humor and creative wonder are also invited in the room!
Struggling with issues related to trauma, grief, body image, life changes, anxiety, or general unhappiness? Sessions involve a somatic collaborative approach to help you feel supported. We will discover your strengths and work on coping mechanisms that work for you to live a more balanced life. I strive for each client to feel empowered and choose to meet them where they are in a way specific to their own individual needs. With your agency and permission, I may utilize EMDR, movement and intuition, reiki, as well as psychotherapeutic factors to work towards healing. Humor and creative wonder are also invited in the room!
(630) 454-9173 View (630) 454-9173
Photo of Haley Braun, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Haley Braun
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60601
Hello and welcome! Together we can explore relationships, emotions, and identity; process events from the past; and build skills and tools for making meaningful changes in the present. I take a collaborative approach to therapy and want to provide a space that meets your unique needs and goals. I am intentional about attending to the roles that systems of oppression, power, and privilege play both in and out of the therapy room.
Hello and welcome! Together we can explore relationships, emotions, and identity; process events from the past; and build skills and tools for making meaningful changes in the present. I take a collaborative approach to therapy and want to provide a space that meets your unique needs and goals. I am intentional about attending to the roles that systems of oppression, power, and privilege play both in and out of the therapy room.
(773) 825-5126 View (773) 825-5126
Photo of Tanya McLeod, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Tanya McLeod
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60606  (Online Only)
Hi there my name is Tanya and I am a License Clinical Social Worker. Life can be challenging from time to time.
Hi there my name is Tanya and I am a License Clinical Social Worker. Life can be challenging from time to time.
(224) 219-1674 View (224) 219-1674
Photo of Diana Cazares, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Diana Cazares
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60647
Welcome! I'm Diana, a first-generation Latina therapist dedicated to guiding individuals on their unique journey to self-discovery and growth. With a culturally informed and trauma-sensitive approach, I empower clients to reclaim their voices and navigate life's challenges with resilience and strength.
Welcome! I'm Diana, a first-generation Latina therapist dedicated to guiding individuals on their unique journey to self-discovery and growth. With a culturally informed and trauma-sensitive approach, I empower clients to reclaim their voices and navigate life's challenges with resilience and strength.
(312) 728-3755 View (312) 728-3755
Photo of Nadia Parfenova, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Nadia Parfenova
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640
I believe that autonomy and intrinsic motivation are key elements in creating positive change. The stress of living in a complicated, fast-paced world can make it difficult to find these things within ourselves. Maybe you're feeling stuck, looking to make a change, or just need a supportive environment to help you cope. My goal is to provide a collaborative therapeutic relationship and a non-judgmental, respectful, welcoming space in which my clients can develop insight into their own strengths and values, as well as the challenges that may be inhibiting personal growth.
I believe that autonomy and intrinsic motivation are key elements in creating positive change. The stress of living in a complicated, fast-paced world can make it difficult to find these things within ourselves. Maybe you're feeling stuck, looking to make a change, or just need a supportive environment to help you cope. My goal is to provide a collaborative therapeutic relationship and a non-judgmental, respectful, welcoming space in which my clients can develop insight into their own strengths and values, as well as the challenges that may be inhibiting personal growth.
(773) 207-4184 View (773) 207-4184
Photo of Mariama Brown-Jeters, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Mariama Brown-Jeters
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60618
I completed my masters at Roosevelt University in 2019, majoring in Clinical Psychology. Prior to that, I attended the University of Missouri for my undergraduate studies, where I studied in Psychology, Black Studies & Sociology. Since entering the field of mental health, I have specialized in working with individuals and families from diverse populations, providing a person-centered & multiculturally focused approach to therapy. Clinically, I follow an integrated approach with an emphasis on person-centered and behavioral practices, and a focus on adapting mental health services & reducing mental heath stigma for all populations.
I completed my masters at Roosevelt University in 2019, majoring in Clinical Psychology. Prior to that, I attended the University of Missouri for my undergraduate studies, where I studied in Psychology, Black Studies & Sociology. Since entering the field of mental health, I have specialized in working with individuals and families from diverse populations, providing a person-centered & multiculturally focused approach to therapy. Clinically, I follow an integrated approach with an emphasis on person-centered and behavioral practices, and a focus on adapting mental health services & reducing mental heath stigma for all populations.
(773) 917-0468 View (773) 917-0468
Photo of Lizzette Rosario, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Lizzette Rosario
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60607  (Online Only)
We are constantly impacted by our environment from family, friends, communities, and institutions and we are impacted with the relationships we have with each of these systems. We can internalize these interactions which makes it difficult to cope. I utilize a systems theory approach that highlights strengths-based, solution-focused, and trauma-informed practices. I lean into a decolonized and relational approach to the work we do together. My hope is to better understand these dynamics alongside with you and assist you to understand how to overcome the stressors and barriers attached.
We are constantly impacted by our environment from family, friends, communities, and institutions and we are impacted with the relationships we have with each of these systems. We can internalize these interactions which makes it difficult to cope. I utilize a systems theory approach that highlights strengths-based, solution-focused, and trauma-informed practices. I lean into a decolonized and relational approach to the work we do together. My hope is to better understand these dynamics alongside with you and assist you to understand how to overcome the stressors and barriers attached.
(773) 305-6476 View (773) 305-6476

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.