Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Frank Hoban, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Frank Hoban
Pre-Licensed Professional, MFT
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Are you struggling with stress, anxiety, self-image/identity/esteem, relational issues, or just general feelings of sadness? My goal is to make you feel seen, heard, and understood all while exploring these current issues. I'm not that stoic, serious therapist you've traditionally seen portrayed in movies. I smile, I laugh, I frown, I may even gasp (insert gasp!). But I'll do my best to always make you feel safe and supported. I'm just another human who, like you, is looking to learn, connect, and grow. I believe in taking a down-to-earth, relatable approach to therapy, providing a new perspective while collaborating with you.
Are you struggling with stress, anxiety, self-image/identity/esteem, relational issues, or just general feelings of sadness? My goal is to make you feel seen, heard, and understood all while exploring these current issues. I'm not that stoic, serious therapist you've traditionally seen portrayed in movies. I smile, I laugh, I frown, I may even gasp (insert gasp!). But I'll do my best to always make you feel safe and supported. I'm just another human who, like you, is looking to learn, connect, and grow. I believe in taking a down-to-earth, relatable approach to therapy, providing a new perspective while collaborating with you.
(484) 806-9455 View (484) 806-9455
Photo of Brandon Ballantyne, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Brandon Ballantyne
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Hello there, my name is Brandon Ballantyne. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. My clinical focus is in utilizing cognitive behavioral therapy with clients to alleviate various forms of mental and emotional distress.
Hello there, my name is Brandon Ballantyne. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. My clinical focus is in utilizing cognitive behavioral therapy with clients to alleviate various forms of mental and emotional distress.
(484) 613-3353 View (484) 613-3353
Photo of Alissa Zrein, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Alissa Zrein
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19125
As a therapist, I aim to foster a safe and authentic space where my clients are able to openly process their thoughts, emotions, struggles, and behaviors without judgment. I greatly enjoy supporting the process of self-exploration, delving into one’s past as a means to better understand their present, and celebrating and empowering the strength and resilience of my clients. I deeply believe in one’s right to self-determination, that each individual is the expert in their own life, and that we are all deserving of a space to feel heard, emotionally held, and supported in our mental health journey.
As a therapist, I aim to foster a safe and authentic space where my clients are able to openly process their thoughts, emotions, struggles, and behaviors without judgment. I greatly enjoy supporting the process of self-exploration, delving into one’s past as a means to better understand their present, and celebrating and empowering the strength and resilience of my clients. I deeply believe in one’s right to self-determination, that each individual is the expert in their own life, and that we are all deserving of a space to feel heard, emotionally held, and supported in our mental health journey.
(215) 600-0236 View (215) 600-0236
Photo of Kathleen Shapiro, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Kathleen Shapiro
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19147  (Online Only)
I have a Master’s Degree in Professional Clinical Counseling from La Salle University and hold credentials as a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC). I have worked in the field for 10 years and have worked with individuals with a wide range of challenges; including addiction, crisis management, anxiety, depression, and other mood disorders. I have worked with adults 18 and older, but I believe any phase in life can be overwhelming without support or coping mechanisms.
I have a Master’s Degree in Professional Clinical Counseling from La Salle University and hold credentials as a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC). I have worked in the field for 10 years and have worked with individuals with a wide range of challenges; including addiction, crisis management, anxiety, depression, and other mood disorders. I have worked with adults 18 and older, but I believe any phase in life can be overwhelming without support or coping mechanisms.
(215) 999-7819 View (215) 999-7819
Photo of Brooke Mckenzie, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Brooke Mckenzie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, Mckenzi
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
My name is Brooke McKenzie and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with a Master of Business Administration (MBA) and over 20 years of experience in clinical practice. Throughout my career, I have had the opportunity to work with individuals, couples, and families with a wide range of issues, including anxiety, depression, addiction, and more. I have worked in both inpatient and outpatient settings, in both private and public practice. My work has taken me to diverse settings, including state hospitals, jails, courtrooms, schools, and private offices. I have a strong commitment to providing quality services to my clients
My name is Brooke McKenzie and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with a Master of Business Administration (MBA) and over 20 years of experience in clinical practice. Throughout my career, I have had the opportunity to work with individuals, couples, and families with a wide range of issues, including anxiety, depression, addiction, and more. I have worked in both inpatient and outpatient settings, in both private and public practice. My work has taken me to diverse settings, including state hospitals, jails, courtrooms, schools, and private offices. I have a strong commitment to providing quality services to my clients
(484) 573-6554 View (484) 573-6554
Photo of Liza Linder, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Liza Linder
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19110
I truly believe that therapy works best when there is a strong and trusting relationship between client and therapist. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I believe in a strengths based perspective, and unconditional positive regard for my clients. The majority of my career has been exclusively serving the LGBTQ+ and the PLWHIV communities. I am fiercely passionate about both of these communities. I believe that we are all on our own journeys, and it often helps to have someone take that journey with you. It helps to have someone who sees you, hears you, and believes you. I will walk with you and hold that safe space for you.
I truly believe that therapy works best when there is a strong and trusting relationship between client and therapist. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I believe in a strengths based perspective, and unconditional positive regard for my clients. The majority of my career has been exclusively serving the LGBTQ+ and the PLWHIV communities. I am fiercely passionate about both of these communities. I believe that we are all on our own journeys, and it often helps to have someone take that journey with you. It helps to have someone who sees you, hears you, and believes you. I will walk with you and hold that safe space for you.
(267) 762-2588 View (267) 762-2588
Photo of Amanda Colon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Amanda Colon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19104  (Online Only)
I work from the understanding there is a part of us that is already whole and healed. Trauma can skew how we perceive ourselves and the world. Through therapy, we both tend to the hurt parts of ourselves and also cultivate an access point to the whole, healed self. We practice ushering our habitual emotional and mental patterns into our awareness in order to remove blockages to allow us to be the person we’d love to be and to live the life we’d love to live.
I work from the understanding there is a part of us that is already whole and healed. Trauma can skew how we perceive ourselves and the world. Through therapy, we both tend to the hurt parts of ourselves and also cultivate an access point to the whole, healed self. We practice ushering our habitual emotional and mental patterns into our awareness in order to remove blockages to allow us to be the person we’d love to be and to live the life we’d love to live.
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Photo of Morgan Karcher, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Morgan Karcher
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19107
Hi, I'm Morgan! I'm a Philly-based trauma focused licensed professional counselor with Nourish Therapy & Wellness. My expertise comes from a psychodynamic, relational therapy approach, implementing tenants of Art Therapy, Feminist Theory, Internal Family Systems Model, Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (T-F CBT), and Dialectical Behavior Therapy . I have helped individuals, families, couples from adolescence into adulthood find healing and understanding in desperate situations. I work with clients experiencing anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, PTSD, ADHD, BPD, codependency, attachment issues, body image & self-esteem.
Hi, I'm Morgan! I'm a Philly-based trauma focused licensed professional counselor with Nourish Therapy & Wellness. My expertise comes from a psychodynamic, relational therapy approach, implementing tenants of Art Therapy, Feminist Theory, Internal Family Systems Model, Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (T-F CBT), and Dialectical Behavior Therapy . I have helped individuals, families, couples from adolescence into adulthood find healing and understanding in desperate situations. I work with clients experiencing anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, PTSD, ADHD, BPD, codependency, attachment issues, body image & self-esteem.
(610) 822-2303 View (610) 822-2303
Photo of Katie Durr, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Katie Durr
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
I know that starting therapy can be challenging but I am here to help! I am a licensed counselor (LPC) and registered art therapist (ATR-BC), who is passionate about tailoring therapy to each client individually. I specialize in counseling for medical conditions (see below for more information), grief, trauma, anxiety and depression management.
I know that starting therapy can be challenging but I am here to help! I am a licensed counselor (LPC) and registered art therapist (ATR-BC), who is passionate about tailoring therapy to each client individually. I specialize in counseling for medical conditions (see below for more information), grief, trauma, anxiety and depression management.
(484) 286-3477 View (484) 286-3477
Photo of Dr. Leslie Parkes Shralow, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Dr. Leslie Parkes Shralow
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Waitlist for new clients
If you are feeling worried or depressed about problems or transitions in your life, be assured that you will be met with warmth, care, and respect. As a clinical psychologist with over 25 years of experience, I can help you with depression, anxiety, relationship concerns, caregiver stress, trauma, body image/eating disorders, grief and loss, insomnia and challenging life transitions.
If you are feeling worried or depressed about problems or transitions in your life, be assured that you will be met with warmth, care, and respect. As a clinical psychologist with over 25 years of experience, I can help you with depression, anxiety, relationship concerns, caregiver stress, trauma, body image/eating disorders, grief and loss, insomnia and challenging life transitions.
(215) 791-8065 View (215) 791-8065
Photo of Dr. Anthony Vajda, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Dr. Anthony Vajda
Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Life can get messy and change can be overwhelming! Yet, I also believe that the process can be rewarding and contribute to our psychological growth. Through counseling, you will experience this growth, you will discover your strengths, build self-awareness, and develop helpful coping strategies. I provide counseling to adults who present with a range of mental health concerns related to anxiety, depression, life transitions, stress, trauma, sexuality, low self-esteem, culture and identity.
Life can get messy and change can be overwhelming! Yet, I also believe that the process can be rewarding and contribute to our psychological growth. Through counseling, you will experience this growth, you will discover your strengths, build self-awareness, and develop helpful coping strategies. I provide counseling to adults who present with a range of mental health concerns related to anxiety, depression, life transitions, stress, trauma, sexuality, low self-esteem, culture and identity.
(267) 360-7468 x3 View (267) 360-7468 x3
Photo of Michelle Miller, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Michelle Miller
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19124
Are you looking to make changes in your life and need help and support along the way? I can provide you with knowledge and resources to achieve your goals. I am passionate in helping others with their journey to becoming a better person, and being there to provide support. We all want to be heard and understood. Many times we feel like no one understands us. I am here to listen and help you overcome the obstacles you are facing, and to let you know that you are not alone. I believe anyone can change themselves for the better. I offer flexible hours, accept most major insurances, and I provide telehealth services all throughout PA.
Are you looking to make changes in your life and need help and support along the way? I can provide you with knowledge and resources to achieve your goals. I am passionate in helping others with their journey to becoming a better person, and being there to provide support. We all want to be heard and understood. Many times we feel like no one understands us. I am here to listen and help you overcome the obstacles you are facing, and to let you know that you are not alone. I believe anyone can change themselves for the better. I offer flexible hours, accept most major insurances, and I provide telehealth services all throughout PA.
(215) 610-1666 View (215) 610-1666
Photo of Dawn Polansky, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Dawn Polansky
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19107
Not accepting new clients
My first goal as your therapist would be to create a safe and accepting atmosphere in which you can feel comfortable expressing your thoughts and feelings openly. I believe a warm and trusting therapeutic relationship is the most important part of creating real change. We will work together to explore your concerns, eliminate barriers, and identify your strengths to help you achieve your goals.
My first goal as your therapist would be to create a safe and accepting atmosphere in which you can feel comfortable expressing your thoughts and feelings openly. I believe a warm and trusting therapeutic relationship is the most important part of creating real change. We will work together to explore your concerns, eliminate barriers, and identify your strengths to help you achieve your goals.
(267) 966-2306 View (267) 966-2306
Photo of Tiffany Thornton, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Tiffany Thornton
Licensed Professional Counselor, MHS, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19143
My hope is to provide a genuine opportunity for individuals to be heard. To dig deep and address all things that are in the way of balance, harmony, happiness and success. I have spent the last 20 years serving children and their families. I have 10+ years of experience with young adults ranging from 16-30 years old. My goal is to help you identify strategies that present themselves in a more organic fashion. To employ strategies that will support your development and navigation of life's challenges. I have a commitment to supporting women in Phila and the surrounding counties. Your feelings deserve your time and attention.
My hope is to provide a genuine opportunity for individuals to be heard. To dig deep and address all things that are in the way of balance, harmony, happiness and success. I have spent the last 20 years serving children and their families. I have 10+ years of experience with young adults ranging from 16-30 years old. My goal is to help you identify strategies that present themselves in a more organic fashion. To employ strategies that will support your development and navigation of life's challenges. I have a commitment to supporting women in Phila and the surrounding counties. Your feelings deserve your time and attention.
(610) 557-1238 View (610) 557-1238
Photo of Virginia Harr, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Virginia Harr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Overwhelming feelings, difficult life transitions, and relationship challenges are normal; but they can take a major toll on the quality of your life and your sense of well-being. In my decade of clinical experience, I've seen therapy provide relief, clarity, and empowerment.
Overwhelming feelings, difficult life transitions, and relationship challenges are normal; but they can take a major toll on the quality of your life and your sense of well-being. In my decade of clinical experience, I've seen therapy provide relief, clarity, and empowerment.
(267) 494-6010 View (267) 494-6010
Photo of Lucas Dangler, Marriage & Family Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Lucas Dangler
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19107  (Online Only)
I provide teletherapy to clients in Pennsylvania and California (I am licensed in both states). I work with adults (18-65) who are struggling with trauma, grief, depression, anxiety, acute stress, substance use, and challenges with interpersonal relationships, major life transitions, coming out, gender, and queer identity development. I use EMDR therapy and client-centered, mindfulness-based, cognitive-behavioral interventions to support people in healing from traumatic experiences and unresolved grief by helping them reprocess disturbing, burdensome memories so that they become less intrusive, distracting, and painful.
I provide teletherapy to clients in Pennsylvania and California (I am licensed in both states). I work with adults (18-65) who are struggling with trauma, grief, depression, anxiety, acute stress, substance use, and challenges with interpersonal relationships, major life transitions, coming out, gender, and queer identity development. I use EMDR therapy and client-centered, mindfulness-based, cognitive-behavioral interventions to support people in healing from traumatic experiences and unresolved grief by helping them reprocess disturbing, burdensome memories so that they become less intrusive, distracting, and painful.
(610) 890-6555 View (610) 890-6555
Photo of Melanie Grace Gerald, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Melanie Grace Gerald
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Melanie Grace Gerald is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with over 20 years of experience working in healthcare, including in psychiatric hospitals, addiction treatment centers, outpatient group therapy, and medical management.
Melanie Grace Gerald is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with over 20 years of experience working in healthcare, including in psychiatric hospitals, addiction treatment centers, outpatient group therapy, and medical management.
(484) 218-2294 View (484) 218-2294
Photo of Amy E Gedrich, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Amy E Gedrich
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19146
Welcome! I am a practicing clinician with 34 + years of experience subscribing to a psychodynamic, solution-focused short-term therapy approach with my clients. I subscribe to working with cognitive behavioral techniques ( CBT ) , mindfulness and motivational interviewing skills to help my patients become the most and happiest that they can be. My specializations are : Depression, Anxiety, Bi-Polar Disorder, work stress, women's issues, cancer survivorship issues. Veteran's re-adjustment issues, LGBT issues. I am happy to see individuals, couples and families at my Graduate Hospital office location, just off Rittenhouse Square.
Welcome! I am a practicing clinician with 34 + years of experience subscribing to a psychodynamic, solution-focused short-term therapy approach with my clients. I subscribe to working with cognitive behavioral techniques ( CBT ) , mindfulness and motivational interviewing skills to help my patients become the most and happiest that they can be. My specializations are : Depression, Anxiety, Bi-Polar Disorder, work stress, women's issues, cancer survivorship issues. Veteran's re-adjustment issues, LGBT issues. I am happy to see individuals, couples and families at my Graduate Hospital office location, just off Rittenhouse Square.
(267) 433-4253 View (267) 433-4253
Photo of Madelyn Bernhardt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Madelyn Bernhardt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19147  (Online Only)
As a therapist, I bring a warm and empathetic presence to our sessions believing in the power of connection and understanding. I use an integrative approach tailoring to the specific needs of children, adolescents, and young adults to support them on their unique journeys towards personal growth and well-being. My goal is to create a safe space where you feel free to express your thoughts and feelings in an atmosphere of unconditional positive regard and in confidence.
As a therapist, I bring a warm and empathetic presence to our sessions believing in the power of connection and understanding. I use an integrative approach tailoring to the specific needs of children, adolescents, and young adults to support them on their unique journeys towards personal growth and well-being. My goal is to create a safe space where you feel free to express your thoughts and feelings in an atmosphere of unconditional positive regard and in confidence.
(610) 708-0111 View (610) 708-0111
Photo of Lee Nussbaum Fogel in Philadelphia, PA
Lee Nussbaum Fogel
MA, RSME, RSMT
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19143
*Offering Virtual Session at this Time* In Somatic sessions we work holistically by becoming aware of thoughts, feelings and sensations as integrated aspects of your process of being alive. Depending on the session and client, we may talk, move, explore self-touch and new ways of breathing, and engage in creative processes like drawing, all in the service of partnering with your own body's wisdom for healing and learning. As deepen into your own experience of embodiment and self authority, life begins to unfold according to your needs and visions.
*Offering Virtual Session at this Time* In Somatic sessions we work holistically by becoming aware of thoughts, feelings and sensations as integrated aspects of your process of being alive. Depending on the session and client, we may talk, move, explore self-touch and new ways of breathing, and engage in creative processes like drawing, all in the service of partnering with your own body's wisdom for healing and learning. As deepen into your own experience of embodiment and self authority, life begins to unfold according to your needs and visions.
(484) 261-4988 View (484) 261-4988

See more therapy options for Philadelphia

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$143

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
74% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
60% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
65% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.