Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

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Photo of Chris Denard, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Chris Denard
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CAADC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15232
Life's challenges, heartaches, and disappointments don't have to be sources of unending frustrations, anger, and pain. They can also be a source of strength, growth, and transformation. There's help out there to assist you in overcoming what at times feels unendurable. Finding the right therapist for you is the first step to unlocking the courage you have inside to get past these difficult times. I wish you well on your journey!
Life's challenges, heartaches, and disappointments don't have to be sources of unending frustrations, anger, and pain. They can also be a source of strength, growth, and transformation. There's help out there to assist you in overcoming what at times feels unendurable. Finding the right therapist for you is the first step to unlocking the courage you have inside to get past these difficult times. I wish you well on your journey!
(412) 407-8731 View (412) 407-8731
Photo of Madison Krull, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Madison Krull
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15217  (Online Only)
INSTANT availability for Aetna and self-pay clients! Are the ups and downs of life too much to handle all at once? Are your relationships suffering as a result? I strive to create a comfortable, nonjudgmental, and collaborative space where you can openly be yourself. I will show up to each session exuding curiosity, empathy, respect, and humor. Together we will understand and navigate the struggles or mental health challenges that no longer serve you. In tandem, we will develop insight, strategies, and skills to help you navigate your life with meaning and authenticity.
INSTANT availability for Aetna and self-pay clients! Are the ups and downs of life too much to handle all at once? Are your relationships suffering as a result? I strive to create a comfortable, nonjudgmental, and collaborative space where you can openly be yourself. I will show up to each session exuding curiosity, empathy, respect, and humor. Together we will understand and navigate the struggles or mental health challenges that no longer serve you. In tandem, we will develop insight, strategies, and skills to help you navigate your life with meaning and authenticity.
(412) 910-2994 View (412) 910-2994
Photo of Elis O'Marehen, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Elis O'Marehen
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15232
Currently accepting new clients! Being able to connect with a therapist is hard. Really hard. Especially if you are part of the LGBTQIA+ community. Am I right? Feeling "other" has become so normal that we often don't even realize we are merely surviving because we don't know there's another way to exist. Stress, shame, and all of the other emotions swirling around create a tornado that is hard to get out of. That's where I come in. I'm a LGBTQIA+, relationship (i.e. CNM), and culturally affirming therapist with lived experience as a queer woman with a trans partner, as well as assisted reproduction and gender-expansive parenting.
Currently accepting new clients! Being able to connect with a therapist is hard. Really hard. Especially if you are part of the LGBTQIA+ community. Am I right? Feeling "other" has become so normal that we often don't even realize we are merely surviving because we don't know there's another way to exist. Stress, shame, and all of the other emotions swirling around create a tornado that is hard to get out of. That's where I come in. I'm a LGBTQIA+, relationship (i.e. CNM), and culturally affirming therapist with lived experience as a queer woman with a trans partner, as well as assisted reproduction and gender-expansive parenting.
(412) 844-4838 View (412) 844-4838
Photo of Michael Craig Clemmens, Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
Michael Craig Clemmens
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
I have been a psychologist for 35 years and work with clients who are interested in exploring their options in how they live in the world. I see the therapeutic process as a dialogue between two partners in exploration and developing resources. For me choice supports health and that clients sometime come with a lack of awareness of these choices or needing to develop more internal and interpersonal supports. I work in the present moment as well as connecting present patterns to client's history as well as the larger contextual field. My approach is relational and somatic from a Gestalt Therapy base.
I have been a psychologist for 35 years and work with clients who are interested in exploring their options in how they live in the world. I see the therapeutic process as a dialogue between two partners in exploration and developing resources. For me choice supports health and that clients sometime come with a lack of awareness of these choices or needing to develop more internal and interpersonal supports. I work in the present moment as well as connecting present patterns to client's history as well as the larger contextual field. My approach is relational and somatic from a Gestalt Therapy base.
(412) 275-4534 View (412) 275-4534
Photo of Heather York, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Heather York
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15228
Young adults who may need extra support and guidance as they transition into their education and careers: I would like to help you navigate independence and responsibility while making sure you're making smart and healthy choices. Adults who are working a program of addiction recovery: I would like to help support you in your recovery and in processing and integrating difficult or traumatic life experiences. Individuals who are taking the first and courageous step toward therapy: I would like to help you develop awareness, improve your relationships, change your behavior, and make successful life transitions.
Young adults who may need extra support and guidance as they transition into their education and careers: I would like to help you navigate independence and responsibility while making sure you're making smart and healthy choices. Adults who are working a program of addiction recovery: I would like to help support you in your recovery and in processing and integrating difficult or traumatic life experiences. Individuals who are taking the first and courageous step toward therapy: I would like to help you develop awareness, improve your relationships, change your behavior, and make successful life transitions.
(878) 216-7157 View (878) 216-7157
Photo of Clove Roses, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Clove Roses
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSCP
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
I believe each person has the power to expand their agency and live in more authenticity and alignment with their values. I work with individuals, couples, and families to build upon strengths and lean into growing edges, to find solutions to problems within ones relationship system that you may be struggling to see are there.
I believe each person has the power to expand their agency and live in more authenticity and alignment with their values. I work with individuals, couples, and families to build upon strengths and lean into growing edges, to find solutions to problems within ones relationship system that you may be struggling to see are there.
(412) 435-4569 View (412) 435-4569
Photo of Taibke Hyman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Taibke Hyman
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15217
It’s the end of the day and you sigh to yourself. Another day of feeling “not good enough.” You’re worn down by that cunning voice in your head that always lets you know what you could have done better. Everyone’s a critic. Family, friends and colleagues all seem to have their own ideas about how you should be handling things. Not accustomed to acknowledging your feelings, you feel an agonizing sense of frustration with life. Though you have tried convincing yourself your life is not so bad, there’s no excitement as you stare into the future that’s waiting for you. There must be a better way – but you’re not sure where to turn.
It’s the end of the day and you sigh to yourself. Another day of feeling “not good enough.” You’re worn down by that cunning voice in your head that always lets you know what you could have done better. Everyone’s a critic. Family, friends and colleagues all seem to have their own ideas about how you should be handling things. Not accustomed to acknowledging your feelings, you feel an agonizing sense of frustration with life. Though you have tried convincing yourself your life is not so bad, there’s no excitement as you stare into the future that’s waiting for you. There must be a better way – but you’re not sure where to turn.
(412) 397-7705 View (412) 397-7705
Photo of Rachel Kramer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Rachel Kramer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15206  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I focus to help you reduce anxiety, increase coping, improve communication, and help you align your values with your life. I work to help people become more in tune with themselves and their body to gain awareness you need to live the life you want to live. One of my strongest beliefs about a client/therapist relationship is a therapeutic alliance. I will work with you to develop a relationship of trust so we can work together to help you achieve your passions in life. I tend to work in the moment with you to explore maladaptive patterns and help you transform old patterns into ways of being that will overall work better for you.
I focus to help you reduce anxiety, increase coping, improve communication, and help you align your values with your life. I work to help people become more in tune with themselves and their body to gain awareness you need to live the life you want to live. One of my strongest beliefs about a client/therapist relationship is a therapeutic alliance. I will work with you to develop a relationship of trust so we can work together to help you achieve your passions in life. I tend to work in the moment with you to explore maladaptive patterns and help you transform old patterns into ways of being that will overall work better for you.
(878) 645-3782 View (878) 645-3782
Photo of Marisa Costa, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Marisa Costa
Licensed Professional Counselor, MET, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
Not accepting new clients
**I am not currently accepting new clients** Each of us has intrinsic worth and our hearts and psyches have the ability to heal. My work with adults of all ages draws on the expressive arts, motivational and strengths-based therapies and cognitive behavioral and trauma-informed therapies. One of my passions has been exploring the ways in which the expressive arts - visual art, drama, music, movement, writing - touch us deeply and express emotions for which there may simply be no words. Where the response to suffering is compassion and hope, the goals of the individual - not the therapist - inspire the therapeutic process.
**I am not currently accepting new clients** Each of us has intrinsic worth and our hearts and psyches have the ability to heal. My work with adults of all ages draws on the expressive arts, motivational and strengths-based therapies and cognitive behavioral and trauma-informed therapies. One of my passions has been exploring the ways in which the expressive arts - visual art, drama, music, movement, writing - touch us deeply and express emotions for which there may simply be no words. Where the response to suffering is compassion and hope, the goals of the individual - not the therapist - inspire the therapeutic process.
(412) 532-1356 View (412) 532-1356
Photo of Jessie D'Antonio, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Jessie D'Antonio
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15237
Not accepting new clients
Unable to accept new clients at this time.I believe it takes strength and courage to acknowledge difficult experiences, feelings and life stressors. Sometimes things can build up individually or within relationships and become overwhelming.
Unable to accept new clients at this time.I believe it takes strength and courage to acknowledge difficult experiences, feelings and life stressors. Sometimes things can build up individually or within relationships and become overwhelming.
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Photo of Caroline Springhorn, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Caroline Springhorn
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15203
My ideal client is seeking therapy to become the best version of themselves. They would be committed to treatment and be willing to put in the work in and outside of therapy.
My ideal client is seeking therapy to become the best version of themselves. They would be committed to treatment and be willing to put in the work in and outside of therapy.
(412) 693-6931 View (412) 693-6931
Photo of Jessica Everly, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Jessica Everly
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
Hello, and welcome. I am a counselor who works with individuals and couples ages 17 and up. I treat depression, anxiety, panic, trauma, OCD, grief and loss, life transitions, and relationship distress. My approach is integrative, combining emotionally focused therapy, behavioral therapies, cognitive behavioral therapy, and somatic techniques. I am a LPC and I have a doctorate with over 15 years of experience in the field of psychology. Sessions with me tend to be semi-structured, with us working towards your goals while leaving space for timely stressors that arise. Warmth, support and curiosity are always present in my sessions.
Hello, and welcome. I am a counselor who works with individuals and couples ages 17 and up. I treat depression, anxiety, panic, trauma, OCD, grief and loss, life transitions, and relationship distress. My approach is integrative, combining emotionally focused therapy, behavioral therapies, cognitive behavioral therapy, and somatic techniques. I am a LPC and I have a doctorate with over 15 years of experience in the field of psychology. Sessions with me tend to be semi-structured, with us working towards your goals while leaving space for timely stressors that arise. Warmth, support and curiosity are always present in my sessions.
(412) 693-6197 View (412) 693-6197
Photo of Jennifer Matesa, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Jennifer Matesa
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MFA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15217
I'm committed to fostering nonjudgmental connections with individuals as they seek to move toward healthy, creative change. I’ve dedicated my professional life to helping people with anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship difficulties. I love helping folks explore intergenerational questions and problems. I have a deep interest in helping people learn to live with more ease inside their bodies—to learn more about their own sexuality, to cultivate awareness of cultural forces that would separate us from our bodies, and to develop practices that can reunite our bodies with our minds, emotions and spirits.
I'm committed to fostering nonjudgmental connections with individuals as they seek to move toward healthy, creative change. I’ve dedicated my professional life to helping people with anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship difficulties. I love helping folks explore intergenerational questions and problems. I have a deep interest in helping people learn to live with more ease inside their bodies—to learn more about their own sexuality, to cultivate awareness of cultural forces that would separate us from our bodies, and to develop practices that can reunite our bodies with our minds, emotions and spirits.
(412) 455-3954 View (412) 455-3954
Photo of Amy Schafer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Amy Schafer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15236
I strongly believe that all people have the ability to live their best life when given the opportunity and the right tools for them. Each journey is just as unique as the individual who embarks on it. The work I do with clients is person centered, motivationally driven, and tailored to meet the needs of each person no matter where they are on their therapeutic journey. Whether this is your first time seeking therapy, or have decided to try again, I would be honored to meet you where you are and guide you toward reaching your personal goals.
I strongly believe that all people have the ability to live their best life when given the opportunity and the right tools for them. Each journey is just as unique as the individual who embarks on it. The work I do with clients is person centered, motivationally driven, and tailored to meet the needs of each person no matter where they are on their therapeutic journey. Whether this is your first time seeking therapy, or have decided to try again, I would be honored to meet you where you are and guide you toward reaching your personal goals.
(412) 419-0927 View (412) 419-0927
Photo of Jane Matz, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Jane Matz
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15217  (Online Only)
I work w/ folks aged 20 and older. I view symptoms not as nuisances to be managed or reduced, but rather as signposts to be read. They point us to the deeper, meaningful issues that compel thoughtful reflection both in and outside of the consulting room. We can look forward to exploring the patterns/themes that announce themselves in our work together, approaching all that we see w/ the respectful curiosity that sets the conditions for growth. I have experience working with adults struggling with mood disorders, anxiety, traumatic experiences, relationship difficulties, and the universal issue of learning to live in the face of loss
I work w/ folks aged 20 and older. I view symptoms not as nuisances to be managed or reduced, but rather as signposts to be read. They point us to the deeper, meaningful issues that compel thoughtful reflection both in and outside of the consulting room. We can look forward to exploring the patterns/themes that announce themselves in our work together, approaching all that we see w/ the respectful curiosity that sets the conditions for growth. I have experience working with adults struggling with mood disorders, anxiety, traumatic experiences, relationship difficulties, and the universal issue of learning to live in the face of loss
(412) 328-2724 View (412) 328-2724
Photo of Molly Maureen Alvord, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Molly Maureen Alvord
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15222  (Online Only)
Molly Alvord is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in Pennsylvania and Maryland with over 17 years of experience. Working in a variety of settings, Molly has had the pleasure of helping people of all ages and backgrounds by providing individual, couples, family, and group therapy. Her specialties include anxiety, stress, depression, and relationship issues. She earned her Masters of Social Work at the University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Social Work.
Molly Alvord is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in Pennsylvania and Maryland with over 17 years of experience. Working in a variety of settings, Molly has had the pleasure of helping people of all ages and backgrounds by providing individual, couples, family, and group therapy. Her specialties include anxiety, stress, depression, and relationship issues. She earned her Masters of Social Work at the University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Social Work.
(412) 207-3627 View (412) 207-3627
Photo of David Prybock, Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
David Prybock
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
Do you want to improve your relationship, have less stress, or simply gain insight about yourself so that you can be happier and live a more fulfilling life? Change is difficult, especially when we try to do it alone. I am a Licensed Psychologist who offers individual and group therapy that are designed to help you be happier. My aim is to provide you with the knowledge and skills that will help you achieve change. Working together, we will utilize the strengths you already have and target those aspects of yourself that you want to change the most.
Do you want to improve your relationship, have less stress, or simply gain insight about yourself so that you can be happier and live a more fulfilling life? Change is difficult, especially when we try to do it alone. I am a Licensed Psychologist who offers individual and group therapy that are designed to help you be happier. My aim is to provide you with the knowledge and skills that will help you achieve change. Working together, we will utilize the strengths you already have and target those aspects of yourself that you want to change the most.
(412) 228-0094 View (412) 228-0094
Photo of Moesha Yost, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Moesha Yost
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15206  (Online Only)
I am a Mental Health Therapist who specializes in adolescent & adult mental health. I enjoy being able to walk alongside others in their life journey and to be a stable, and consistent support in their life. I have been in the mental health field for over 5 years now working with various populations of those who have experienced trauma throughout various forms of life. I have experience working with individuals with co-occurring disorders that consist of depression, anxiety, trauma, and additional symptoms.
I am a Mental Health Therapist who specializes in adolescent & adult mental health. I enjoy being able to walk alongside others in their life journey and to be a stable, and consistent support in their life. I have been in the mental health field for over 5 years now working with various populations of those who have experienced trauma throughout various forms of life. I have experience working with individuals with co-occurring disorders that consist of depression, anxiety, trauma, and additional symptoms.
(412) 615-3060 View (412) 615-3060
Photo of Leah Herman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Leah Herman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15241
There are many reasons clients decide to work with a therapist. Developing healthy life habits, working on overcoming challenges, exploring patterns and behaviors, expanding communication skills are some preferred goals. An ideal client has both curiosity and the courage to gain perspective and insight into how they relate to themselves and others. I work with children, teens, and adults and welcome the opportunity to explore life’s challenges alongside you. I recognize the courage it takes to explore history and patterns, and it is my goal to create a space of hope and connection within the therapeutic relationship.
There are many reasons clients decide to work with a therapist. Developing healthy life habits, working on overcoming challenges, exploring patterns and behaviors, expanding communication skills are some preferred goals. An ideal client has both curiosity and the courage to gain perspective and insight into how they relate to themselves and others. I work with children, teens, and adults and welcome the opportunity to explore life’s challenges alongside you. I recognize the courage it takes to explore history and patterns, and it is my goal to create a space of hope and connection within the therapeutic relationship.
(412) 906-4526 View (412) 906-4526
Photo of Abbie Hawkey, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Abbie Hawkey
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSCP, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15218  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
"Only when we are brave enough to explore the darkness will we discover the infinite power of our l is a team effort, together we will improve your connection with yourself and those around you, help build resilience to shame, and build your sense of worth. Together, we will help you move past your stuck points, find new ways of coping, and feel comfortable with your authentic self. Currently have a few afternoon telehealth spots open.
"Only when we are brave enough to explore the darkness will we discover the infinite power of our l is a team effort, together we will improve your connection with yourself and those around you, help build resilience to shame, and build your sense of worth. Together, we will help you move past your stuck points, find new ways of coping, and feel comfortable with your authentic self. Currently have a few afternoon telehealth spots open.
(412) 515-8979 View (412) 515-8979

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
77% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
66% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Highmark
74% Aetna
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
19% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pittsburgh?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.