Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Natasha Metzger, Marriage & Family Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Natasha Metzger
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Do you have trouble knowing what you want or asking for it? Do your feelings seem overwhelming at times? Do you find yourself giving in to avoid conflict or banging your emotional head against a wall? Do you find that your behavior and values sometimes don't align? Are you frustrated or disappointed by the lack of physical and emotional connection with the people closest to you? Are you and your partner concerned by your differing levels of sexual desire? Do you feel stuck and lethargic or that your thoughts spiral out of your control? Do you want to develop insight and create change in your own life? If so, let's talk!
Do you have trouble knowing what you want or asking for it? Do your feelings seem overwhelming at times? Do you find yourself giving in to avoid conflict or banging your emotional head against a wall? Do you find that your behavior and values sometimes don't align? Are you frustrated or disappointed by the lack of physical and emotional connection with the people closest to you? Are you and your partner concerned by your differing levels of sexual desire? Do you feel stuck and lethargic or that your thoughts spiral out of your control? Do you want to develop insight and create change in your own life? If so, let's talk!
(856) 644-1359 View (856) 644-1359
Photo of Azaria Crayton, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Philadelphia, PA
Azaria Crayton
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19107  (Online Only)
I use creativity, humor, and spirituality to guide my very laid back and conversational style of therapy. I specialize in POC, woman identifying, and queer affirming therapy that makes space for marginalized identities to feel rooted in their authenticity and be challenged on ideologies/perspectives that keep them stuck.
I use creativity, humor, and spirituality to guide my very laid back and conversational style of therapy. I specialize in POC, woman identifying, and queer affirming therapy that makes space for marginalized identities to feel rooted in their authenticity and be challenged on ideologies/perspectives that keep them stuck.
(267) 310-1244 View (267) 310-1244
Photo of Sarah Sprenkle, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Sarah Sprenkle
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NIT
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Do you feel disconnected from yourself and your feelings, possibly due to trauma? Do you lack understanding of the cause & need education on how the brain responds to trauma? Do you have relational issues or anger management struggles that lead to addictive behaviors? Do you struggle with self-worth issues and feel tired, frustrated, and confused? In therapy, you will learn to identify trauma responses, build tolerance for difficult or uncomfortable feelings, & utilize various coping skills & grounding techniques. Gain confidence, take risks to address complex issues & learn how to create healthy boundaries for relationships.
Do you feel disconnected from yourself and your feelings, possibly due to trauma? Do you lack understanding of the cause & need education on how the brain responds to trauma? Do you have relational issues or anger management struggles that lead to addictive behaviors? Do you struggle with self-worth issues and feel tired, frustrated, and confused? In therapy, you will learn to identify trauma responses, build tolerance for difficult or uncomfortable feelings, & utilize various coping skills & grounding techniques. Gain confidence, take risks to address complex issues & learn how to create healthy boundaries for relationships.
(267) 609-3391 View (267) 609-3391
Photo of Noah E Sideman, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Noah E Sideman
Psychologist, PsyD, NCSP, CBIS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19106
Addressing mental health problems, cognitive difficulties, or academic issues can be frustrating. It it is my goal to make the entire process as straightforward and collaborative as possible. I am down to earth and authentic with my patients which helps create the foundation for effective and lasting treatment. As a Neuropsychologist and School Psychologist who provides both evaluation and therapy services I have the unique opportunity to both evaluate and treat. Please let me assist you in addressing the issues you are concerned with and providing you the answers to the questions you have.
Addressing mental health problems, cognitive difficulties, or academic issues can be frustrating. It it is my goal to make the entire process as straightforward and collaborative as possible. I am down to earth and authentic with my patients which helps create the foundation for effective and lasting treatment. As a Neuropsychologist and School Psychologist who provides both evaluation and therapy services I have the unique opportunity to both evaluate and treat. Please let me assist you in addressing the issues you are concerned with and providing you the answers to the questions you have.
(267) 485-5158 View (267) 485-5158
Photo of Robert Sher in Philadelphia, PA
Robert Sher
PhD, MEd
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19106  (Online Only)
Working at a small practice like Alternative Choices allows me to use all of my training to help a variety of clients with many types of concerns and challenges. I work with individuals, families, couples or groups, from middle school age through adulthood, to address issues related to learning disabilities, attention-deficit disorder, autism spectrum, depression, anxiety, social skills, and others. I incorporate mindfulness techniques and strategies into more conventional modes of therapy to help my clients confront, tolerate, accept, and ultimately embrace difficult emotions and moods, in order to improve the quality of their lives and relationships.
Working at a small practice like Alternative Choices allows me to use all of my training to help a variety of clients with many types of concerns and challenges. I work with individuals, families, couples or groups, from middle school age through adulthood, to address issues related to learning disabilities, attention-deficit disorder, autism spectrum, depression, anxiety, social skills, and others. I incorporate mindfulness techniques and strategies into more conventional modes of therapy to help my clients confront, tolerate, accept, and ultimately embrace difficult emotions and moods, in order to improve the quality of their lives and relationships.
(215) 600-1434 x3 View (215) 600-1434 x3
Photo of Amelie Yang Custer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Amelie Yang Custer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
However you show up, my bottom line is to provide a safe, respectful, and validating space where you are listened to without assumptions, judgement, or an agenda. I have diverse practice experiences that taught me to listen beyond words and look beyond appearances. My trainings in art and music allow me to do so with greater agility and accuracy, bringing us closer to your inner voice and shedding light on your inner world. This foundation of human-to-human understanding will help us work together as partners to reach your goals - whether it is healing, growth, self-exploration, or change - with a deep sense of clarity and peace.
However you show up, my bottom line is to provide a safe, respectful, and validating space where you are listened to without assumptions, judgement, or an agenda. I have diverse practice experiences that taught me to listen beyond words and look beyond appearances. My trainings in art and music allow me to do so with greater agility and accuracy, bringing us closer to your inner voice and shedding light on your inner world. This foundation of human-to-human understanding will help us work together as partners to reach your goals - whether it is healing, growth, self-exploration, or change - with a deep sense of clarity and peace.
(267) 592-3863 View (267) 592-3863
Photo of Emma Chambers, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Emma Chambers
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Finding a therapist, especially during periods of stress, can be extremely overwhelming. Yet, the connection, the solutions, and the relief that you can access in therapy is priceless. If you’re feeling stuck and don’t know which direction to go in, or if you’re searching for ways to save your relationship, I may be the right fit for you! I have spent the last five years as a trauma therapist for the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, providing thousands of hours of psychotherapy.
Finding a therapist, especially during periods of stress, can be extremely overwhelming. Yet, the connection, the solutions, and the relief that you can access in therapy is priceless. If you’re feeling stuck and don’t know which direction to go in, or if you’re searching for ways to save your relationship, I may be the right fit for you! I have spent the last five years as a trauma therapist for the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, providing thousands of hours of psychotherapy.
(484) 604-2821 View (484) 604-2821
Photo of Laura Siegel, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Laura Siegel
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
Hi! I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) based in Pennsylvania. If you're here feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or intimidated, therapy can be a huge first step to regaining a sense of control.
Hi! I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) based in Pennsylvania. If you're here feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or intimidated, therapy can be a huge first step to regaining a sense of control.
(484) 613-3400 View (484) 613-3400
Sharon Pollak
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19146
Life poses many challenges. As an experienced therapist I will work with you to help understand your feelings and experiences in order to make sense of the issues in your life. Perhaps you are struggling with relationships, life transitions or with feelings of inadequacy, perhaps life feels out of balance, or you are concerned about bothersome patterns of behavior. Anxiety, depression and grief may all accompany us as we live our lives. Listening to your story will allow me to assist you in better helping you cope. Working together I aim to help you discover new pathways to move forward on your journey.
Life poses many challenges. As an experienced therapist I will work with you to help understand your feelings and experiences in order to make sense of the issues in your life. Perhaps you are struggling with relationships, life transitions or with feelings of inadequacy, perhaps life feels out of balance, or you are concerned about bothersome patterns of behavior. Anxiety, depression and grief may all accompany us as we live our lives. Listening to your story will allow me to assist you in better helping you cope. Working together I aim to help you discover new pathways to move forward on your journey.
(267) 744-2035 View (267) 744-2035
Photo of Emma Steiner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Emma Steiner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19104
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, certified Couple and Family therapist & Chief Clinical Officer at the highly-regarded Council for Relationships. With over fifteen years of experience as a dynamic psychotherapist, I am a deeply empathic therapist, whose warmth & humor help to create a safe environment for self-exploration, growth & empowerment. Together with my clients, I work to forge a new story about themselves & the world that comes from a place of compassion, strength & acceptance. I aim to help my clients live a richer life, engage in more fulfilling relationships with themselves & others, and embrace opportunities.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, certified Couple and Family therapist & Chief Clinical Officer at the highly-regarded Council for Relationships. With over fifteen years of experience as a dynamic psychotherapist, I am a deeply empathic therapist, whose warmth & humor help to create a safe environment for self-exploration, growth & empowerment. Together with my clients, I work to forge a new story about themselves & the world that comes from a place of compassion, strength & acceptance. I aim to help my clients live a richer life, engage in more fulfilling relationships with themselves & others, and embrace opportunities.
(215) 804-4106 x4279 View (215) 804-4106 x4279
Photo of Garden Path Counseling, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Garden Path Counseling, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19130
Garden Path Counseling's focus is to help individuals heal, energize, and become aware of their inner strengths. We achieve this by providing a neutral safe space, listening to your concerns, and customizing a treatment plan. We promise to be there for you every step of your journey. Our goal is to help you grow from your struggles, heal from your pain, and move forward to where you want to be in your life. You can call or email us to set up a free 15 minute consultation to discuss your mental health needs and find out if one of Garden Path Counseling's therapists are right for you.
Garden Path Counseling's focus is to help individuals heal, energize, and become aware of their inner strengths. We achieve this by providing a neutral safe space, listening to your concerns, and customizing a treatment plan. We promise to be there for you every step of your journey. Our goal is to help you grow from your struggles, heal from your pain, and move forward to where you want to be in your life. You can call or email us to set up a free 15 minute consultation to discuss your mental health needs and find out if one of Garden Path Counseling's therapists are right for you.
(215) 770-3648 View (215) 770-3648
Photo of Jennifer Houk, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Jennifer Houk
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
The truth will set you free"... I became a therapist because I believe that through relationship, listening, and talking, a tremendous amount of healing can take place in a person's life. I believe in people and the potential for change and growth in their lives. I see therapy as a partnership in facilitating that change. I help people to free themselves from various things that hold them down, guilt, anger, shame, addictions, anxiety... I attempt to help people establish a more solid foundation of self worth, balance, love and flexibility to be able to negotiate the world, their relationships and themselves more successfully.
The truth will set you free"... I became a therapist because I believe that through relationship, listening, and talking, a tremendous amount of healing can take place in a person's life. I believe in people and the potential for change and growth in their lives. I see therapy as a partnership in facilitating that change. I help people to free themselves from various things that hold them down, guilt, anger, shame, addictions, anxiety... I attempt to help people establish a more solid foundation of self worth, balance, love and flexibility to be able to negotiate the world, their relationships and themselves more successfully.
(215) 688-5781 View (215) 688-5781
Photo of Tammy Cao, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Tammy Cao
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My perspective is culturally sensitive, anti-racist, and LGBTQ+ affirming. I work with individual, couples, children, family and groups. I use a variety of evidence-based theoretical approaches including: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Psychodynamic, Solution-Focused, Strengths-based, Gestalt, Person-centered, and Family-systems. Some of my focus areas are depression, anxiety, bipolar I and II, adjustment disorders, personality disorders, addictions, dually-diagnosed, grief/loss/bereavement, family and relationship issues.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My perspective is culturally sensitive, anti-racist, and LGBTQ+ affirming. I work with individual, couples, children, family and groups. I use a variety of evidence-based theoretical approaches including: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Psychodynamic, Solution-Focused, Strengths-based, Gestalt, Person-centered, and Family-systems. Some of my focus areas are depression, anxiety, bipolar I and II, adjustment disorders, personality disorders, addictions, dually-diagnosed, grief/loss/bereavement, family and relationship issues.
(484) 878-4550 View (484) 878-4550
Photo of Brian Taylor, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Brian Taylor
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd, NCC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Striving in the United States as a working-class Queer, I am driven toward the cessation of suffering through self-advocacy, social justice, and collective action. I have spent years working in community-health engaged in service of the marginalized, specifically LGBTQ and BIPOC communities, working-class individuals, people living with HIV, disability, substance abuse, and the intersections therein.
Striving in the United States as a working-class Queer, I am driven toward the cessation of suffering through self-advocacy, social justice, and collective action. I have spent years working in community-health engaged in service of the marginalized, specifically LGBTQ and BIPOC communities, working-class individuals, people living with HIV, disability, substance abuse, and the intersections therein.
(267) 310-2874 View (267) 310-2874
Photo of Carolyn Seplow, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Carolyn Seplow
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19118
Tweens and teens are undergoing a wondrous and uncertain time of discovery and growth. Parent/child conflicts become common and risky behaviors more prevalent. Navigating this territory may be a time of great uncertainty and tension. For 20 years I have been helping children and families work through issues such as depression and anxiety, friendship or school problems, communication and social troubles, on-line behavior and family conflict, sexuality and gender questions, and autism and learning differences. Call and we can discuss your particular concerns and decide if I would be a good fit for you and/or your child.
Tweens and teens are undergoing a wondrous and uncertain time of discovery and growth. Parent/child conflicts become common and risky behaviors more prevalent. Navigating this territory may be a time of great uncertainty and tension. For 20 years I have been helping children and families work through issues such as depression and anxiety, friendship or school problems, communication and social troubles, on-line behavior and family conflict, sexuality and gender questions, and autism and learning differences. Call and we can discuss your particular concerns and decide if I would be a good fit for you and/or your child.
(215) 918-4836 View (215) 918-4836
Photo of David Harvey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
David Harvey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, MA
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19122
I strive to create a collaborative, nonjudgmental space conducive to meaningful self-examination and change. My style is curious, at times challenging and, at others, affirming. I work with you to compassionately explore your life and identify new possibilities, as well as alter unrecognized habits that inhibit satisfaction and personal growth. Therapy with me is a compassionate and dedicated inquiry to help you feel better and thrive. 'Thriving' is unique to each of us and I will work with you define your idea of a fulfilling life, keeping in mind it may differ from social ideals ill-suited to satisfy many of us.
I strive to create a collaborative, nonjudgmental space conducive to meaningful self-examination and change. My style is curious, at times challenging and, at others, affirming. I work with you to compassionately explore your life and identify new possibilities, as well as alter unrecognized habits that inhibit satisfaction and personal growth. Therapy with me is a compassionate and dedicated inquiry to help you feel better and thrive. 'Thriving' is unique to each of us and I will work with you define your idea of a fulfilling life, keeping in mind it may differ from social ideals ill-suited to satisfy many of us.
(215) 712-8468 View (215) 712-8468
Photo of Kathryn McCarty-Welch, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Kathryn McCarty-Welch
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Hi there, I'm Kate. Do you find yourself struggling to manage daily life and relationships because of anxiety, depression, and/or trauma? Do you often feel alone and that no one understands you or your struggles?
Hi there, I'm Kate. Do you find yourself struggling to manage daily life and relationships because of anxiety, depression, and/or trauma? Do you often feel alone and that no one understands you or your struggles?
(484) 573-7827 View (484) 573-7827
Photo of Brandee Silverman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Brandee Silverman
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19130  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with your relationship with your children, partner or family member? Maybe your in an unhealthy pattern of communicating, and it just seems impossible to get out of, as though you are having the same argument over and over and things are not changing. Perhaps you are a single mom who feels like no matter what you do, patterns in your life are just not changing? People get stuck in unhealthy patterns of interactions that lead to unwanted symptoms, such as anxiety, behavior problems, OCD, and much more.
Are you struggling with your relationship with your children, partner or family member? Maybe your in an unhealthy pattern of communicating, and it just seems impossible to get out of, as though you are having the same argument over and over and things are not changing. Perhaps you are a single mom who feels like no matter what you do, patterns in your life are just not changing? People get stuck in unhealthy patterns of interactions that lead to unwanted symptoms, such as anxiety, behavior problems, OCD, and much more.
(267) 871-3335 View (267) 871-3335
Photo of Megan Pritchard, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Megan Pritchard
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Are you experiencing symptoms related to anxiety or depression and want a better understanding of yourself and your relationships? Are you motivated for therapy and open to the challenges and rewards that therapy provides?
Are you experiencing symptoms related to anxiety or depression and want a better understanding of yourself and your relationships? Are you motivated for therapy and open to the challenges and rewards that therapy provides?
(267) 517-8404 View (267) 517-8404
Photo of Kevin Guckin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Kevin Guckin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19125
When we truly know ourselves, the underlying motivations for our actions, and the subconscious fears that drive us, we can begin to exercise more control over our lives and move towards self-actualization. Mental illness is often defined through a lens of dysfunction, yet, even if we were able to remove all of the dysfunction from one's life, the experience of needing support would still be present for many people. My goal is not only to make sure my clients are functioning at their best, but also that they feel strong, genuine, and intentional while doing it.
When we truly know ourselves, the underlying motivations for our actions, and the subconscious fears that drive us, we can begin to exercise more control over our lives and move towards self-actualization. Mental illness is often defined through a lens of dysfunction, yet, even if we were able to remove all of the dysfunction from one's life, the experience of needing support would still be present for many people. My goal is not only to make sure my clients are functioning at their best, but also that they feel strong, genuine, and intentional while doing it.
(215) 613-4913 View (215) 613-4913

See more therapy options for Philadelphia

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$143

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
74% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
60% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
65% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.