Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

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Photo of Riott Kochman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Riott Kochman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63104
The systems we live within (capitalism, colonialism, anti-fatness, etc.) and our early attachment experiences can leave us feeling disconnected from others, our bodies, our values, and our authentic selves. I offer a compassionate space to explore the ways these systems have impacted you. Together, we’ll develop resources, skills, and insights to make your life and relationships more manageable and meaningful.
The systems we live within (capitalism, colonialism, anti-fatness, etc.) and our early attachment experiences can leave us feeling disconnected from others, our bodies, our values, and our authentic selves. I offer a compassionate space to explore the ways these systems have impacted you. Together, we’ll develop resources, skills, and insights to make your life and relationships more manageable and meaningful.
(314) 501-5645 View (314) 501-5645
Alan Reeves
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63110
I am a Cognitive Behavior Therapist. I have modified the system to help individuals met their goals. I believe that it is important to know exactly what is needed in order to get the results a client seeks. I have complete system that I use to help individuals know when they ar doing better and meeting their goals.
I am a Cognitive Behavior Therapist. I have modified the system to help individuals met their goals. I believe that it is important to know exactly what is needed in order to get the results a client seeks. I have complete system that I use to help individuals know when they ar doing better and meeting their goals.
(314) 208-2815 View (314) 208-2815
Photo of Elizabeth Von, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Elizabeth Von
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd, PLPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63104
Hello! I’m so grateful you’ve chosen to be here. I see the human experience as being similar to a cup of coffee; both complex and nuanced. Much like coffee, some experiences can leave us feeling bitter while others leave us feeling fulfilled. As your therapist, I will meet you wherever you are in your process and we’ll work collaboratively to navigate these lived experiences. Together we will build a therapeutic relationship that fosters self-exploration, curiosity, self-acceptance, and empowerment.
Hello! I’m so grateful you’ve chosen to be here. I see the human experience as being similar to a cup of coffee; both complex and nuanced. Much like coffee, some experiences can leave us feeling bitter while others leave us feeling fulfilled. As your therapist, I will meet you wherever you are in your process and we’ll work collaboratively to navigate these lived experiences. Together we will build a therapeutic relationship that fosters self-exploration, curiosity, self-acceptance, and empowerment.
(314) 230-9698 View (314) 230-9698
Photo of Deidra O'Loughlin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Deidra O'Loughlin
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
11 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63105
Not accepting new clients
From the very beginning, with sensitivity and compassion, I strive to create a safe and nonjudgmental space in which you can express thoughts, feelings, dreams, and desires that you may feel unable to share elsewhere. I believe that constructive change occurs when we work collaboratively to develop insight into your current struggles; only then can we find ways to help you move forward. I have experience and interest in working with adults and older adolescents with anxiety, trauma histories, creative people, and those who wish to explore various aspects of their identities, including people who are LGBTQ+.
From the very beginning, with sensitivity and compassion, I strive to create a safe and nonjudgmental space in which you can express thoughts, feelings, dreams, and desires that you may feel unable to share elsewhere. I believe that constructive change occurs when we work collaboratively to develop insight into your current struggles; only then can we find ways to help you move forward. I have experience and interest in working with adults and older adolescents with anxiety, trauma histories, creative people, and those who wish to explore various aspects of their identities, including people who are LGBTQ+.
(314) 582-3889 View (314) 582-3889
Photo of Ellen M. Reynolds, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Ellen M. Reynolds
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63119
If your child is hurting, imagine a life where hope enters in, allowing pain to heal, so both you and your child can begin to feel whole again. With a strong background in crisis intervention, suicide prevention and adolescent depression and anxiety, I work with children, teens, adults and parents. I offer a client-centered, strength-based, philosophy. Together we work to quiet the mind, uncover resiliency & provide hope for healing. It is my privilege to walk beside one who is struggling. I aim to provide an affirming space for all, allowing them to once again uncover their inner strengths, unique gifts and the capacity to thrive.
If your child is hurting, imagine a life where hope enters in, allowing pain to heal, so both you and your child can begin to feel whole again. With a strong background in crisis intervention, suicide prevention and adolescent depression and anxiety, I work with children, teens, adults and parents. I offer a client-centered, strength-based, philosophy. Together we work to quiet the mind, uncover resiliency & provide hope for healing. It is my privilege to walk beside one who is struggling. I aim to provide an affirming space for all, allowing them to once again uncover their inner strengths, unique gifts and the capacity to thrive.
(314) 643-9646 View (314) 643-9646
Photo of Alternative Access Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Alternative Access Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LCPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63116  (Online Only)
Our clients often identify as LGBTQIAs2+ / Queer, Non-monogamous, sex positive or sex neutral, neurodivergence, and or disabled and living within Missouri or Kansas. However, identifying in these communities is not a requirement for services through AAC. Clients often start therapy to work on goals to learn more about identities, setting boundaries with others in their lives, opening up their relationship, learning more about themselves or others gender or sexual expression. Through individual, relationship, or family counseling we work to increase healthy communication based on our values, instead of assumed social norms.
Our clients often identify as LGBTQIAs2+ / Queer, Non-monogamous, sex positive or sex neutral, neurodivergence, and or disabled and living within Missouri or Kansas. However, identifying in these communities is not a requirement for services through AAC. Clients often start therapy to work on goals to learn more about identities, setting boundaries with others in their lives, opening up their relationship, learning more about themselves or others gender or sexual expression. Through individual, relationship, or family counseling we work to increase healthy communication based on our values, instead of assumed social norms.
(573) 577-3368 View (573) 577-3368
Photo of Christine Shore-Fitzgerald, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Christine Shore-Fitzgerald
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63117
"There is nothing you can tell me that won't strike me as beautiful and human" -Cheryl Strayed. Major life changes, invalidating home/social lives, past trauma, and current stressors affect moods, behaviors, and relationships, often leaving us repeating unhelpful patterns. When our attempts to cope with and repair issues no longer work, it's time to seek therapy. I will collaborate with you and provide a warm, safe, nonjudgmental space so you feel supported while you develop interpersonal skills, learn to manage emotions, strengthen relationships, and improve self-awareness so you can make changes toward living the life you desire.
"There is nothing you can tell me that won't strike me as beautiful and human" -Cheryl Strayed. Major life changes, invalidating home/social lives, past trauma, and current stressors affect moods, behaviors, and relationships, often leaving us repeating unhelpful patterns. When our attempts to cope with and repair issues no longer work, it's time to seek therapy. I will collaborate with you and provide a warm, safe, nonjudgmental space so you feel supported while you develop interpersonal skills, learn to manage emotions, strengthen relationships, and improve self-awareness so you can make changes toward living the life you desire.
(314) 720-3029 View (314) 720-3029
Photo of Eric Jones, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Eric Jones
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63108
Do you feel like you have been treading water for ages, barely able to keep your head above water? Or maybe you couldn’t tread any longer and have just been drowning? Maybe you’ve been searching for a lifeline, a pathway back to you. The you before all the hurt, pain, and confusion. You, who had a strong sense of self and who was not afraid to live authentically and vibrantly. But every time those bad experiences rise to the surface, you push them down. And the truth is that pushing it all down is just as tiring as you imagine addressing them head on would be. I know that you're tired of saying you’re okay when you are far from it.
Do you feel like you have been treading water for ages, barely able to keep your head above water? Or maybe you couldn’t tread any longer and have just been drowning? Maybe you’ve been searching for a lifeline, a pathway back to you. The you before all the hurt, pain, and confusion. You, who had a strong sense of self and who was not afraid to live authentically and vibrantly. But every time those bad experiences rise to the surface, you push them down. And the truth is that pushing it all down is just as tiring as you imagine addressing them head on would be. I know that you're tired of saying you’re okay when you are far from it.
(314) 876-7357 View (314) 876-7357
Photo of Amy L Butler in Saint Louis, MO
Amy L Butler
MMFT, MEd, BSEd, BAID
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63119
Currently Accepting NEW Clients on Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays and some Fridays. I feel that I’m patient, supportive, and genuine, but also speak the truth and will speak to the elephant in the room. Each of us hold the necessary tools required to find peace within ourselves and among others. My job is not to fix, but to offer encouragement and guidance though listening and conversation. I specialize in issues related to peer and relationship issues, both premarital and marriage related. My concentration areas are couples. My goal is to help you, your partner and/or your family navigate life challenges.
Currently Accepting NEW Clients on Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays and some Fridays. I feel that I’m patient, supportive, and genuine, but also speak the truth and will speak to the elephant in the room. Each of us hold the necessary tools required to find peace within ourselves and among others. My job is not to fix, but to offer encouragement and guidance though listening and conversation. I specialize in issues related to peer and relationship issues, both premarital and marriage related. My concentration areas are couples. My goal is to help you, your partner and/or your family navigate life challenges.
(314) 501-9209 x704 View (314) 501-9209 x704
Photo of Cheryl M Thompson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Cheryl M Thompson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108
Did you know that couples on average wait 6 years before seeking help for a troubled marriage. Are you and your spouse wanting renewal, connection and joy. There is hope whether the problem is trust, emotional distance, or escalating conflict. I start with a strengths based focus using research based Gottman method interventions that work. Do you have more than 20 days in the month of sadness, irritability or anxious worry? Individual counseling is a place to tell your story in order to build new skills and experiences to increase the days of happiness and contentment each month.
Did you know that couples on average wait 6 years before seeking help for a troubled marriage. Are you and your spouse wanting renewal, connection and joy. There is hope whether the problem is trust, emotional distance, or escalating conflict. I start with a strengths based focus using research based Gottman method interventions that work. Do you have more than 20 days in the month of sadness, irritability or anxious worry? Individual counseling is a place to tell your story in order to build new skills and experiences to increase the days of happiness and contentment each month.
(314) 207-3278 View (314) 207-3278
Photo of Rae English Psychotherapy, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Rae English Psychotherapy, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW, MA
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63118  (Online Only)
Life is challenging. Even when we are doing our best, we may still experience anxiety, depression, stress, moodiness, and difficulties in our relationships. Some of those feelings originate from experiences we remember clearly and want to understand and organize; other feelings seem to come from nowhere and despite our best efforts, interfere with our feeling better and doing the things we want to do.
Life is challenging. Even when we are doing our best, we may still experience anxiety, depression, stress, moodiness, and difficulties in our relationships. Some of those feelings originate from experiences we remember clearly and want to understand and organize; other feelings seem to come from nowhere and despite our best efforts, interfere with our feeling better and doing the things we want to do.
(314) 876-8770 View (314) 876-8770
Photo of Nicole L Jackson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Nicole L Jackson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63146  (Online Only)
Life can sure LIFE, right! The long “to do” list, the expectations from all those around you. The constant weight and pressure that can’t be explained or diminished. Feeling sad? Who has time to cry? "Not you!" You feel guilty for even thinking of taking a break, let alone self care. That irritable mood is lasting much longer than it used to these days and your family and friends are starting to call you out for it. That’s not who you are and that's not who you want to be. It feels like you are getting further and further away from yourself. If you can even remember who that is.
Life can sure LIFE, right! The long “to do” list, the expectations from all those around you. The constant weight and pressure that can’t be explained or diminished. Feeling sad? Who has time to cry? "Not you!" You feel guilty for even thinking of taking a break, let alone self care. That irritable mood is lasting much longer than it used to these days and your family and friends are starting to call you out for it. That’s not who you are and that's not who you want to be. It feels like you are getting further and further away from yourself. If you can even remember who that is.
(314) 582-2898 View (314) 582-2898
Photo of Juliana Varela, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Juliana Varela
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63117
People seek therapy for variety of reasons, ranging from difficulties with a specific life event or a general pursuit for greater purpose and connectedness. Psychotherapy offers an arena for self exploration unlike any other and can prove to be a profoundly moving experience. I work with individuals affected by trauma, difficulties in relationships, depression/post-partum depression, infertility, adoption, parenting, struggles in cultural adaptation and immigration, identity, self-esteem, sexuality, etc. Often I find that the most meaningful change comes from those who are open and willing to engage in the journey. The change you seek comes from you and will be our guiding force.
People seek therapy for variety of reasons, ranging from difficulties with a specific life event or a general pursuit for greater purpose and connectedness. Psychotherapy offers an arena for self exploration unlike any other and can prove to be a profoundly moving experience. I work with individuals affected by trauma, difficulties in relationships, depression/post-partum depression, infertility, adoption, parenting, struggles in cultural adaptation and immigration, identity, self-esteem, sexuality, etc. Often I find that the most meaningful change comes from those who are open and willing to engage in the journey. The change you seek comes from you and will be our guiding force.
(314) 591-5187 View (314) 591-5187
Photo of Amy Gagliardi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Amy Gagliardi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CCMC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63109  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Sometimes we are struggling and don't know why, we have a loss, struggle to keep our emotions in check or have difficulty managing a traumatic event, regardless of the reason, I believe that seeking therapy is your first step to recognizing your strengths, building your skills and beginning the creation of the life you want and deserve.
Sometimes we are struggling and don't know why, we have a loss, struggle to keep our emotions in check or have difficulty managing a traumatic event, regardless of the reason, I believe that seeking therapy is your first step to recognizing your strengths, building your skills and beginning the creation of the life you want and deserve.
(314) 742-9688 View (314) 742-9688
Photo of Rae Larson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Rae Larson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63118  (Online Only)
Cishet society got you down? Feeling that constant pressure to make yourself small. Often caught between crippling anxiety and debilitating depression. Struggling to find spaces where you can be real, maybe even within yourself.
Cishet society got you down? Feeling that constant pressure to make yourself small. Often caught between crippling anxiety and debilitating depression. Struggling to find spaces where you can be real, maybe even within yourself.
(314) 343-0981 View (314) 343-0981
Photo of Kate Schroeder, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Kate Schroeder
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63119
The goal of my approach to therapy is to get your defense system out of the way so that you can operate out of your true sense of self, begin to create boundaries, and make choices truly reflective of your own wants and needs. When you achieve this, you no longer need to rely upon the destructive coping techniques previously used to prevent your full evolution and integration of body, mind, and spirit.
The goal of my approach to therapy is to get your defense system out of the way so that you can operate out of your true sense of self, begin to create boundaries, and make choices truly reflective of your own wants and needs. When you achieve this, you no longer need to rely upon the destructive coping techniques previously used to prevent your full evolution and integration of body, mind, and spirit.
(314) 720-4074 View (314) 720-4074
Photo of Mary Beth Harper, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Mary Beth Harper
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63141
The therapeutic relationship is viewed as a collaborative effort where client and therapist join together to seek understanding, healing, and peace. Mary Beth has over 30 years' experience as a Marriage and Family Therapist. Premarital and marital therapy is provided with a balanced perspective seeking ways to build or rebuild intimate friendship and devoted connection. Individual therapy also provided, focused on issues such as relationship conflict, loss, anxiety and depression.
The therapeutic relationship is viewed as a collaborative effort where client and therapist join together to seek understanding, healing, and peace. Mary Beth has over 30 years' experience as a Marriage and Family Therapist. Premarital and marital therapy is provided with a balanced perspective seeking ways to build or rebuild intimate friendship and devoted connection. Individual therapy also provided, focused on issues such as relationship conflict, loss, anxiety and depression.
(314) 527-2122 View (314) 527-2122
Photo of Yvette Sanchez, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Saint Louis, MO
Yvette Sanchez
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, PLMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63104
We all need help at some point, and it has been especially difficult for many individuals to navigate life these past few years. Whether you are experiencing anxiety, generational trauma, or family conflict, I can walk along this path with you. You are not alone. If you are struggling with life transitions such as adjusting to college, the death of a loved one, new marriage, or a relationship, and need someone to validate your experiences in an empathetic and non-judgmental environment, I am here to help. Seeking support can be frightening at first, but it's one of the bravest and most important steps you can take.
We all need help at some point, and it has been especially difficult for many individuals to navigate life these past few years. Whether you are experiencing anxiety, generational trauma, or family conflict, I can walk along this path with you. You are not alone. If you are struggling with life transitions such as adjusting to college, the death of a loved one, new marriage, or a relationship, and need someone to validate your experiences in an empathetic and non-judgmental environment, I am here to help. Seeking support can be frightening at first, but it's one of the bravest and most important steps you can take.
(314) 742-7741 View (314) 742-7741
Photo of Esther Boguszewski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Esther Boguszewski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63139
Not accepting new clients
Esther is a Licensed Master of Social Work who provides therapy services to teens and adults (15-years-old and up) at Ellie Mental Health in St. Louis. Esther strives to create a safe space where clients can feel free to be their most vulnerable selves, without fear of judgement. Reaching out by email is the best way to get in contact regarding therapy inquiries. Esther accepts Medicaid MO (HealthNet), Carelon, Optum, BCBS, and Cigna (Evernorth).
Esther is a Licensed Master of Social Work who provides therapy services to teens and adults (15-years-old and up) at Ellie Mental Health in St. Louis. Esther strives to create a safe space where clients can feel free to be their most vulnerable selves, without fear of judgement. Reaching out by email is the best way to get in contact regarding therapy inquiries. Esther accepts Medicaid MO (HealthNet), Carelon, Optum, BCBS, and Cigna (Evernorth).
(314) 675-7907 View (314) 675-7907
Photo of Lee Bascom, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Lee Bascom
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, RPT-S
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63132
As a clinical social worker/registered play therapist, I work with children ages 3-9 and their families. I primarily use Child Centered Play Therapy and I am also trained in Theraplay, SPACE (Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions) and Trauma-Focused CBT. Click on "website" below my picture to see more about me.
As a clinical social worker/registered play therapist, I work with children ages 3-9 and their families. I primarily use Child Centered Play Therapy and I am also trained in Theraplay, SPACE (Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions) and Trauma-Focused CBT. Click on "website" below my picture to see more about me.
(314) 649-5725 View (314) 649-5725

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Saint Louis, MO who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
71% Aetna
71% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Saint Louis, MO see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Louis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.