Therapists in Saint Charles, IL

Photo of Donna Cole, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Charles, IL
Donna Cole
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Charles, IL 60174
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 25 years of experience working as a therapist. My clients tell me I listen well and remember the details of their situation. When you come into my office you will have my undivided attention. I will share my knowledge and experience with you and together we will make a plan to help you feel better.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 25 years of experience working as a therapist. My clients tell me I listen well and remember the details of their situation. When you come into my office you will have my undivided attention. I will share my knowledge and experience with you and together we will make a plan to help you feel better.
(630) 703-0670 View (630) 703-0670
Photo of Alexis Siegmann @ St. Charles Counseling, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Saint Charles, IL
Alexis Siegmann @ St. Charles Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, ALMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Charles, IL 60174
As a Marriage and Family therapist I serve couples, families and also individual needs. There are many different needs that I serve one of them being mental health disorders such as Anxiety and Depression. Other presenting issues that I have worked with include, low motivation levels, lack of self esteem, school concerns, marital/ couple concerns, parent/child concerns and I can help process past trauma.
As a Marriage and Family therapist I serve couples, families and also individual needs. There are many different needs that I serve one of them being mental health disorders such as Anxiety and Depression. Other presenting issues that I have worked with include, low motivation levels, lack of self esteem, school concerns, marital/ couple concerns, parent/child concerns and I can help process past trauma.
(630) 354-0795 View (630) 354-0795
Photo of Eiko Venovic, Psychologist in Saint Charles, IL
Eiko Venovic
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, IL 60174
Dr. Venovic has more than a decade of clinical experience with therapy specializations including, depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties, acculturation, interracial relationships, identity, and self-esteem. Dr. Venovic utilizes both psychodynamic and cognitive behavioral therapy approaches with her clients to increase emotional well-being, improve the quality of relationships, and develop a lifestyle more consistent with her clients’ values.
Dr. Venovic has more than a decade of clinical experience with therapy specializations including, depression, anxiety, relationship difficulties, acculturation, interracial relationships, identity, and self-esteem. Dr. Venovic utilizes both psychodynamic and cognitive behavioral therapy approaches with her clients to increase emotional well-being, improve the quality of relationships, and develop a lifestyle more consistent with her clients’ values.
(331) 216-1071 x3 View (331) 216-1071 x3
Photo of Nicole Seitzinger, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Charles, IL
Nicole Seitzinger
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, IL 60174
I specialize in working with adolescents, but enjoy helping clients of all ages navigate the ups and downs of everyday life. I have experience helping clients manage symptoms and experiences surrounding self-esteem and awareness, school anxiety, family conflict and executive functioning.
I specialize in working with adolescents, but enjoy helping clients of all ages navigate the ups and downs of everyday life. I have experience helping clients manage symptoms and experiences surrounding self-esteem and awareness, school anxiety, family conflict and executive functioning.
(630) 349-2912 View (630) 349-2912
Photo of Nanette Thomas Shepardson @ St. Charles Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Charles, IL
Nanette Thomas Shepardson @ St. Charles Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Charles, IL 60174
Is it about not being heard, the inability to say what we really mean, or our failure to listen sufficiently that causes us the most distress in our relationships with others? Some might say it’s a combination of all the above. To be fully heard and listened to, to have the ability to speak our truth without dismissal, is all about feeling understood and accepted by others.
Is it about not being heard, the inability to say what we really mean, or our failure to listen sufficiently that causes us the most distress in our relationships with others? Some might say it’s a combination of all the above. To be fully heard and listened to, to have the ability to speak our truth without dismissal, is all about feeling understood and accepted by others.
(630) 749-9789 View (630) 749-9789
Photo of Prem Nikoniuk, Counselor in Saint Charles, IL
Prem Nikoniuk
Counselor, LCPC, LPC, NCC, NCMHC, MA
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, IL 60175  (Online Only)
What's on your mind? Are you experiencing relationship problems, family troubles, money issues, health concerns? Do you feel anxious, scared, sad or stressed? Whatever it may be - it is, likely, consuming you; you are feeling out of touch, lost; as if your entire world is spinning out of control! What if you were to, for a moment, forget the destination you believe your life is headed and instead, focus on your journey? For only in the process of living your life completely and meaningfully, will you come to find its true purpose, joy, and fulfillment.
What's on your mind? Are you experiencing relationship problems, family troubles, money issues, health concerns? Do you feel anxious, scared, sad or stressed? Whatever it may be - it is, likely, consuming you; you are feeling out of touch, lost; as if your entire world is spinning out of control! What if you were to, for a moment, forget the destination you believe your life is headed and instead, focus on your journey? For only in the process of living your life completely and meaningfully, will you come to find its true purpose, joy, and fulfillment.
(331) 259-8465 View (331) 259-8465
Photo of Jenny Diamond, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Charles, IL
Jenny Diamond
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Charles, IL 60174  (Online Only)
You may be at a point where you have exhausted all of your resources and known means of coping, and are seeking support in a trusting and nonjudgmental environment. Perhaps you're returning to therapy or trying it out for the first time. Either way, I can offer a neutral sounding board for challenges you are facing, and we can work together to develop strategies that work best for you and your experiences. You may also be a parent seeking ways to improve communication with your child/teen and guide them in a world where the influence of peers, social media, and other factors play a huge part in their view and means of coping.
You may be at a point where you have exhausted all of your resources and known means of coping, and are seeking support in a trusting and nonjudgmental environment. Perhaps you're returning to therapy or trying it out for the first time. Either way, I can offer a neutral sounding board for challenges you are facing, and we can work together to develop strategies that work best for you and your experiences. You may also be a parent seeking ways to improve communication with your child/teen and guide them in a world where the influence of peers, social media, and other factors play a huge part in their view and means of coping.
(630) 749-2207 View (630) 749-2207
Photo of Jackie Graff, Counselor in Saint Charles, IL
Jackie Graff
Counselor, MA, LCPC, PMH-C
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Saint Charles, IL 60174
I specialize in women's mental health, including but not limited to, anxiety, OCD and perinatal mood and anxiety disorders. I am a Certified Perinatal Mental Health therapist, through Postpartum Support International. Providing therapy to women who are struggling during pregnancy, postpartum and infertility and loss is a main focus of my treatment. I also hold certifications in both domestic violence and sexual assault crisis intervention. Additionally, I have extensive training in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Exposure Response Prevention Therapy (ERP), effective for both anxiety and OCD.
I specialize in women's mental health, including but not limited to, anxiety, OCD and perinatal mood and anxiety disorders. I am a Certified Perinatal Mental Health therapist, through Postpartum Support International. Providing therapy to women who are struggling during pregnancy, postpartum and infertility and loss is a main focus of my treatment. I also hold certifications in both domestic violence and sexual assault crisis intervention. Additionally, I have extensive training in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Exposure Response Prevention Therapy (ERP), effective for both anxiety and OCD.
(630) 426-3495 View (630) 426-3495
Photo of Anna McCaffrey in Saint Charles, IL
Anna McCaffrey
MSEd, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, IL 60174
When confronted by a triggering event or stuck by life’s challenges, it can be easy to feel consumed by anxiety, depression, or other mental health concerns. However, these challenges also provide you with an opportunity for growth. It takes a lot of courage to recognize your desire to seek change. By joining you where you are on this part of your journey, I will encourage you to become an active participant in your healing process.
When confronted by a triggering event or stuck by life’s challenges, it can be easy to feel consumed by anxiety, depression, or other mental health concerns. However, these challenges also provide you with an opportunity for growth. It takes a lot of courage to recognize your desire to seek change. By joining you where you are on this part of your journey, I will encourage you to become an active participant in your healing process.
(630) 324-4640 View (630) 324-4640
Michael Pica
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, IL 60175
I bring to the practice over ten years of working with adults, adolescents, and their families in outpatient, residential, and inpatient settings. For a period, I served as clinical director of a child and adolescent psychiatric unit. As a result, I frequently takes on adolescents with more significant emotional and behavioral disorders and families in crisis in which hospitalization may be required. Outside of working with adolescents, one of my particular interests is doing marital therapy. Additionally, my specialties with adults are anger management, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorders, borderline personality disorder, pain management, and men's issues.
I bring to the practice over ten years of working with adults, adolescents, and their families in outpatient, residential, and inpatient settings. For a period, I served as clinical director of a child and adolescent psychiatric unit. As a result, I frequently takes on adolescents with more significant emotional and behavioral disorders and families in crisis in which hospitalization may be required. Outside of working with adolescents, one of my particular interests is doing marital therapy. Additionally, my specialties with adults are anger management, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorders, borderline personality disorder, pain management, and men's issues.
(630) 318-4998 View (630) 318-4998
Photo of Katherine Schaefer Berg, Ph.D., P.C., Psychologist in Saint Charles, IL
Katherine Schaefer Berg, Ph.D., P.C.
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, IL 60174
Waitlist for new clients
Reaching out for help can be a difficult first step. It takes courage to address challenges in life that seem to keep us stuck. I believe therapy is a process by which one can in a safe and supportive environment face emotional struggles and work toward living a life that is valuable and fulfilling. I work with a variety of concerns including depression, grief and loss, anxiety, self-harm, emotion management, eating disorders, and life transitions such as adjustment to parenthood. I have a unique specialty and interest in treating chronic depression.
Reaching out for help can be a difficult first step. It takes courage to address challenges in life that seem to keep us stuck. I believe therapy is a process by which one can in a safe and supportive environment face emotional struggles and work toward living a life that is valuable and fulfilling. I work with a variety of concerns including depression, grief and loss, anxiety, self-harm, emotion management, eating disorders, and life transitions such as adjustment to parenthood. I have a unique specialty and interest in treating chronic depression.
(630) 518-4204 View (630) 518-4204
Photo of Dr. Sandra Lee Kakacek, Counselor in Saint Charles, IL
Dr. Sandra Lee Kakacek
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, IL 60174
I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor. I have been practicing as a psychotherapist for over forty years of which twenty-one years have included working as an Animal-Assisted therapist in counseling (equines, dogs, cats, pigs, ducks, donkeys, and a lamb). My expertise ranges from counseling individuals, children, adolescents, adults, couples, families, and organizations with various issues, including anxiety, trauma, PTSD, ADHD, and so forth. I practice from a strengths-based theoretical orientation. My goal is always to help clients recognize and utilize internal strengths for growth and change.
I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor. I have been practicing as a psychotherapist for over forty years of which twenty-one years have included working as an Animal-Assisted therapist in counseling (equines, dogs, cats, pigs, ducks, donkeys, and a lamb). My expertise ranges from counseling individuals, children, adolescents, adults, couples, families, and organizations with various issues, including anxiety, trauma, PTSD, ADHD, and so forth. I practice from a strengths-based theoretical orientation. My goal is always to help clients recognize and utilize internal strengths for growth and change.
(331) 444-7445 View (331) 444-7445
Photo of Angie Yong, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Charles, IL
Angie Yong
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Charles, IL 60174
In the diversity of life, there is one common thread that we share - the deep seated desire to be seen and known. We each have an inherent yearning to have meaningful relationships. And yet, this need often goes unmet. You might be wondering if your family has or ever will truly know who you are. Maybe you question the once deep and intimate connection you shared with your significant other, that now feels more shallow and superficial. Or perhaps you find yourself stuck in a cycle of perpetually unhealthy, toxic, broken, or even lost relationships making you doubt yourself whether you will ever be wholly accepted for who you are.
In the diversity of life, there is one common thread that we share - the deep seated desire to be seen and known. We each have an inherent yearning to have meaningful relationships. And yet, this need often goes unmet. You might be wondering if your family has or ever will truly know who you are. Maybe you question the once deep and intimate connection you shared with your significant other, that now feels more shallow and superficial. Or perhaps you find yourself stuck in a cycle of perpetually unhealthy, toxic, broken, or even lost relationships making you doubt yourself whether you will ever be wholly accepted for who you are.
(630) 425-2025 x701 View (630) 425-2025 x701
Photo of Jenna Froelich, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Saint Charles, IL
Jenna Froelich
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, CDVP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Saint Charles, IL 60174  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
You've been through some Crap with a capital C - hello, trauma and anxiety (note: I do not treat for suicidal ideation or other severe/life-threatening concerns)! That's nothing new; you've done it all your life and you know you're pretty damn resilient. But somewhere along the way, you stopped dealing so well and now look forward to constant slow burn anxiety and self-doubt that has you running on empty with no energy to do things you used to love. You’re tired of past and present problems dominating your life. You're not sure what "better" even looks like, but you know you want to get there and just need to figure out HOW.
You've been through some Crap with a capital C - hello, trauma and anxiety (note: I do not treat for suicidal ideation or other severe/life-threatening concerns)! That's nothing new; you've done it all your life and you know you're pretty damn resilient. But somewhere along the way, you stopped dealing so well and now look forward to constant slow burn anxiety and self-doubt that has you running on empty with no energy to do things you used to love. You’re tired of past and present problems dominating your life. You're not sure what "better" even looks like, but you know you want to get there and just need to figure out HOW.
(331) 207-9470 x4 View (331) 207-9470 x4
Photo of Zachary Devore, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Saint Charles, IL
Zachary Devore
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Charles, IL 60174
I specialize in working with couples navigating their relationships. As well as individuals who have experienced trauma. Helping to give these clients the tools and skills to improve the quality of their lives. I also enjoy working with clients who struggle with anxiety, LGBTQ+ issues, alternative lifestyles, and sexual health problems. Working to help clients find a life that makes them happy and feel content with their lives. Therapy is work and so clients should expect to be given tools and skills to practice.
I specialize in working with couples navigating their relationships. As well as individuals who have experienced trauma. Helping to give these clients the tools and skills to improve the quality of their lives. I also enjoy working with clients who struggle with anxiety, LGBTQ+ issues, alternative lifestyles, and sexual health problems. Working to help clients find a life that makes them happy and feel content with their lives. Therapy is work and so clients should expect to be given tools and skills to practice.
(630) 547-3470 View (630) 547-3470
Photo of Dr. Maegan Jenkins, Psychologist in Saint Charles, IL
Dr. Maegan Jenkins
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Charles, IL 60174
Maegan Jenkins is a Licensed Clinical Psychologist specializing in the treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive disorder and anxiety disorders. Dr. Jenkins received her Bachelors of Science in Psychology from Bradley University and her Doctorate in Clinical Psychology from Midwestern University. Dr. Jenkins trained at the Center for Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders at Alexian Brothers Behavioral Health Hospital and at the Anxiety Centers of Illinois. She has treated anxiety in various environments including inpatient settings, outpatient settings, group therapy formats, as well as completing in vivo exposures within the home and community settings.
Maegan Jenkins is a Licensed Clinical Psychologist specializing in the treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive disorder and anxiety disorders. Dr. Jenkins received her Bachelors of Science in Psychology from Bradley University and her Doctorate in Clinical Psychology from Midwestern University. Dr. Jenkins trained at the Center for Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders at Alexian Brothers Behavioral Health Hospital and at the Anxiety Centers of Illinois. She has treated anxiety in various environments including inpatient settings, outpatient settings, group therapy formats, as well as completing in vivo exposures within the home and community settings.
(630) 599-7020 View (630) 599-7020
Photo of Dawn G Zappitelli, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Charles, IL
Dawn G Zappitelli
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, IL 60175
Successful counseling occurs when you find a therapist you can connect with, who makes you feel heard and values your thoughts and goals for the future. A positive therapist who enjoys learning who you are, and building on your strengths. If you allow me to walk with you in your struggles and victories, I will give you fair and honest feedback, and will challenge you to attain your goals. My Masters Degree from Aurora University, my rich work experience, as well as my own life journey give me valuable insights and wisdom that help me relate to my clients.
Successful counseling occurs when you find a therapist you can connect with, who makes you feel heard and values your thoughts and goals for the future. A positive therapist who enjoys learning who you are, and building on your strengths. If you allow me to walk with you in your struggles and victories, I will give you fair and honest feedback, and will challenge you to attain your goals. My Masters Degree from Aurora University, my rich work experience, as well as my own life journey give me valuable insights and wisdom that help me relate to my clients.
(630) 517-0139 x204 View (630) 517-0139 x204
Photo of Hyunmin An, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Charles, IL
Hyunmin An
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, IL 60175
Anyone who is seeking counseling services are welcome to visit. I’m experienced working with depression, anxiety, interpersonal relationships, and trauma. I can also provide Korean counseling services as a bilingual user.
Anyone who is seeking counseling services are welcome to visit. I’m experienced working with depression, anxiety, interpersonal relationships, and trauma. I can also provide Korean counseling services as a bilingual user.
(630) 394-6623 View (630) 394-6623
Photo of St. Charles Counseling in Saint Charles, IL
St. Charles Counseling
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Charles, IL 60174
St. Charles Counseling is a private practice located in St. Charles, Illinois. We have been serving the Fox Valley area since 2005. We place a focus on clinical excellence and making the most significant impact possible - in the lives of those we serve as individuals, as a couple or with their families.
St. Charles Counseling is a private practice located in St. Charles, Illinois. We have been serving the Fox Valley area since 2005. We place a focus on clinical excellence and making the most significant impact possible - in the lives of those we serve as individuals, as a couple or with their families.
(331) 260-0978 View (331) 260-0978
Photo of Shawn Léon Nowotnik, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Charles, IL
Shawn Léon Nowotnik
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Charles, IL 60175
Making the decision to seek help can be a monumental task and selecting the right therapist can be challenging. I can provide you with a therapeutic relationship that will feel safe and collaborative so that it can serve as the basis for healing. My goal is to work with you in assessing your strengths, exploring challenges, working to overcome barriers, and returning you to a peaceful and productive state. I will work with you to create a treatment plan that suits your personality and needs. Sometimes, all you need are the right words at the right time to change how you see the world…including yourself.
Making the decision to seek help can be a monumental task and selecting the right therapist can be challenging. I can provide you with a therapeutic relationship that will feel safe and collaborative so that it can serve as the basis for healing. My goal is to work with you in assessing your strengths, exploring challenges, working to overcome barriers, and returning you to a peaceful and productive state. I will work with you to create a treatment plan that suits your personality and needs. Sometimes, all you need are the right words at the right time to change how you see the world…including yourself.
(331) 254-4482 View (331) 254-4482

See more therapy options for Saint Charles

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Charles, IL

200+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Saint Charles, IL who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
90% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
71% Coping Skills
70% Trauma and PTSD
64% Grief

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

98% BlueCross and BlueShield
71% Aetna
64% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Saint Charles, IL see their clients

85% In Person and Online
15% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Charles?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.