Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Lina Neidhardt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Lina Neidhardt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60622
I believe a deep, exploratory approach to therapy allows us to uncover the underlying roots of unresolved emotions, unmet needs, and internal conflicts. While I do have training in behavioral therapies and can offer practical techniques for handling distress, my practice centers around helping clients explore the interplay between past experiences, recurring patterns, and present-day behaviors to gain meaningful insight into emotional triggers and coping mechanisms. I developed this approach from my work with people who are experiencing anxiety, depression, chronic distress, difficulty with relationships, and eating disorders.
I believe a deep, exploratory approach to therapy allows us to uncover the underlying roots of unresolved emotions, unmet needs, and internal conflicts. While I do have training in behavioral therapies and can offer practical techniques for handling distress, my practice centers around helping clients explore the interplay between past experiences, recurring patterns, and present-day behaviors to gain meaningful insight into emotional triggers and coping mechanisms. I developed this approach from my work with people who are experiencing anxiety, depression, chronic distress, difficulty with relationships, and eating disorders.
(708) 394-7890 View (708) 394-7890
Photo of Kelly Chaney, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Kelly Chaney
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60617
Hello, I am Dr. Kelly Chaney! I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor who is passionate about helping clients find their passion in life and supporting them in removing blocks that are keeping them from living their best life. My client experience is currently working with the BIPOC community along with children, adolescents and families. My approach is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. I focus on helping my clients identify and challenge unhelpful thoughts and to learn practical self-help strategies.
Hello, I am Dr. Kelly Chaney! I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor who is passionate about helping clients find their passion in life and supporting them in removing blocks that are keeping them from living their best life. My client experience is currently working with the BIPOC community along with children, adolescents and families. My approach is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. I focus on helping my clients identify and challenge unhelpful thoughts and to learn practical self-help strategies.
(773) 840-0901 View (773) 840-0901
Photo of Touch of Wholeness Psychological Services LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Touch of Wholeness Psychological Services LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60615
There are times when life becomes extremely overwhelming. During these times, I believe having a supportive and engaging ear promotes healing. I am a licensed clinical social worker and I have devoted years to helping individuals who are experiencing difficulty managing life stressors. I have worked with children, adolescents, and adults across multiple settings including community mental health agencies, private practice, residential homes, and schools. My areas of interest include treating young adults clients dealing with life-stage transition difficulties, parents experiencing difficulties with their children, couples and families, as well as individuals experiencing symptoms of anxiety and depression.
There are times when life becomes extremely overwhelming. During these times, I believe having a supportive and engaging ear promotes healing. I am a licensed clinical social worker and I have devoted years to helping individuals who are experiencing difficulty managing life stressors. I have worked with children, adolescents, and adults across multiple settings including community mental health agencies, private practice, residential homes, and schools. My areas of interest include treating young adults clients dealing with life-stage transition difficulties, parents experiencing difficulties with their children, couples and families, as well as individuals experiencing symptoms of anxiety and depression.
(773) 364-6620 View (773) 364-6620
Photo of Megan Lappa, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Megan Lappa
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601  (Online Only)
Megan’s therapeutic work is influenced by evidenced based best practices such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Exposure and Response Prevention Therapy (ERP), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Megan received her Masters in Social Work from Loyola University Chicago. Megan has experience working in an outpatient setting as well as Partial Hospitalization Programs and Intensive Outpatient Programs. She has worked at a Partial Hospitalization Program and Intensive Outpatient Program at Rogers Behavioral Health, conducting individual and group therapy.
Megan’s therapeutic work is influenced by evidenced based best practices such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Exposure and Response Prevention Therapy (ERP), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Megan received her Masters in Social Work from Loyola University Chicago. Megan has experience working in an outpatient setting as well as Partial Hospitalization Programs and Intensive Outpatient Programs. She has worked at a Partial Hospitalization Program and Intensive Outpatient Program at Rogers Behavioral Health, conducting individual and group therapy.
(312) 820-9156 View (312) 820-9156
Photo of Mada Leanga, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Mada Leanga
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60618  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I believe that my role as a counselor is to help others become congruent to their truth and find their own path. I focus on client strengths, and create a safe and supportive environment for insight and transformation to occur. I see myself as an empathic and intuitive listener, as well as a direct communicator. I can tell it as I see it, with tact and humor but I am also gentle and sensible. I find creative ways to challenge the barriers clients may encounter in their life journey. I believe in personal responsibility, and I see the counseling process as an active and collaborative one. I truly believe in a mind body connection.
I believe that my role as a counselor is to help others become congruent to their truth and find their own path. I focus on client strengths, and create a safe and supportive environment for insight and transformation to occur. I see myself as an empathic and intuitive listener, as well as a direct communicator. I can tell it as I see it, with tact and humor but I am also gentle and sensible. I find creative ways to challenge the barriers clients may encounter in their life journey. I believe in personal responsibility, and I see the counseling process as an active and collaborative one. I truly believe in a mind body connection.
(773) 782-6980 View (773) 782-6980
Photo of Colibri Counseling, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Colibri Counseling
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640
There comes a time when help is needed from a professional to cope with many of life’s challenges. We are three bilingual Spanish-speaking mental health providers committed to promoting the well-being of minority communities. We provide culturally appropriate counseling services in Chicago´s Uptown area.  We are here to listen and support you on your journey toward healing and self-discovery. Therapy is a space where we can engage in brave self-exploration, a space to figure what may be holding us back from being our best selves.
There comes a time when help is needed from a professional to cope with many of life’s challenges. We are three bilingual Spanish-speaking mental health providers committed to promoting the well-being of minority communities. We provide culturally appropriate counseling services in Chicago´s Uptown area.  We are here to listen and support you on your journey toward healing and self-discovery. Therapy is a space where we can engage in brave self-exploration, a space to figure what may be holding us back from being our best selves.
(773) 250-3986 View (773) 250-3986
Photo of Patrick Miranda, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Patrick Miranda
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60656  (Online Only)
Patrick is a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor with a Master’s of Science in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from the University of Nebraska – Omaha. He has worked in multiple treatment settings, including residential and outpatient services for substance use disorders. Patrick has experience working with adolescents, adults, and families with a range of therapeutic issues, including addiction, mood disorders, trauma, and suicidality. He especially enjoys working with those in the LGBTQ+ community.
Patrick is a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor with a Master’s of Science in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from the University of Nebraska – Omaha. He has worked in multiple treatment settings, including residential and outpatient services for substance use disorders. Patrick has experience working with adolescents, adults, and families with a range of therapeutic issues, including addiction, mood disorders, trauma, and suicidality. He especially enjoys working with those in the LGBTQ+ community.
(708) 498-7612 View (708) 498-7612
Photo of Courtney Morris in Chicago, IL
Courtney Morris
EdD, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602
You’re looking for a therapist who is approachable, attentive, and actively engaged—someone who can celebrate and see you, hang in the hard times, who can shift your perspective, facilitate new insights and provide concrete tools and strategies to help you better navigate life and relationships. No matter what we may be struggling with, we can all benefit from a safe and open space to process our unique issues. No problem is too small to share with someone who can help you explore ways to deal with it and to improve your overall quality of life.
You’re looking for a therapist who is approachable, attentive, and actively engaged—someone who can celebrate and see you, hang in the hard times, who can shift your perspective, facilitate new insights and provide concrete tools and strategies to help you better navigate life and relationships. No matter what we may be struggling with, we can all benefit from a safe and open space to process our unique issues. No problem is too small to share with someone who can help you explore ways to deal with it and to improve your overall quality of life.
(773) 985-3353 View (773) 985-3353
Photo of Kahleen Riojas, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Kahleen Riojas
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60616  (Online Only)
Katie offers a compassionate, open ear and works as a creative collaborator with her clients. She teaches her clients skills that can help them develop a sense of mastery and live more authentic, meaningful lives. She views therapy like gardening, working with clients to plant seeds in-session that they then nurture and grow together over time.
Katie offers a compassionate, open ear and works as a creative collaborator with her clients. She teaches her clients skills that can help them develop a sense of mastery and live more authentic, meaningful lives. She views therapy like gardening, working with clients to plant seeds in-session that they then nurture and grow together over time.
(312) 500-3070 View (312) 500-3070
Photo of Erika Peters, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Erika Peters
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602
Are you struggling to figure out who you are as a person? Has a person or institution hurt you and you don't know how to move on? Are you living the life that you want to live? I can help with that! As a therapist trained in both theology and counseling, I offer a rich understanding of spirituality and religious faith in the counseling setting. I believe therapy can be a place for you to reflect and process your experiences with religion. I work to create a non-judgmental setting.
Are you struggling to figure out who you are as a person? Has a person or institution hurt you and you don't know how to move on? Are you living the life that you want to live? I can help with that! As a therapist trained in both theology and counseling, I offer a rich understanding of spirituality and religious faith in the counseling setting. I believe therapy can be a place for you to reflect and process your experiences with religion. I work to create a non-judgmental setting.
(312) 651-6920 x9081 View (312) 651-6920 x9081
Photo of Dr. Mtisunge Erica Kapalamula, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Dr. Mtisunge Erica Kapalamula
Counselor, MSEd, PhD, LCPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60602  (Online Only)
So you survived a pandemic, losses and uncertainty? Resilience is within you. I believe that we all possess abilities within us that can help us overcome the most difficult of times. Let us work together to use that same resilience to overcome other life stressors, be it anxiety, depression or relationship problems.
So you survived a pandemic, losses and uncertainty? Resilience is within you. I believe that we all possess abilities within us that can help us overcome the most difficult of times. Let us work together to use that same resilience to overcome other life stressors, be it anxiety, depression or relationship problems.
(312) 635-4410 View (312) 635-4410
Photo of Gregory J Harms, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Gregory J Harms
Psychologist, PsyD, LCP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613
As a health psychologist, I work with clients who have physical and emotional conditions that are getting in the way of being able to live the lives they want. I help clients identify and follow through on changes they can make to improve their well-being. I use a behavioral approach supplemented with biofeedback and hypnosis. I also work with couples who are struggling to find ways to get closer together and feel like they are truly partners in their relationship. The key to my approach is to find effective ways to get what you want from your life.
As a health psychologist, I work with clients who have physical and emotional conditions that are getting in the way of being able to live the lives they want. I help clients identify and follow through on changes they can make to improve their well-being. I use a behavioral approach supplemented with biofeedback and hypnosis. I also work with couples who are struggling to find ways to get closer together and feel like they are truly partners in their relationship. The key to my approach is to find effective ways to get what you want from your life.
(773) 985-3895 View (773) 985-3895
Photo of Delma Adams, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Delma Adams
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60618
FREE consultations! Are you feeling stuck in negative thoughts, intense emotions, or behavioral patterns that don't serve your best interest? Are you hoping to build more meaning and joy in your life? You may feel hesitant about reaching out for help, especially with pressure from all directions to "have it all together". I'm here to join you on this journey to discover healing and build a balanced life. My goal is to help you find compassion for yourself, develop skills to help you navigate life stressors, and be confident in the resilient person you are.
FREE consultations! Are you feeling stuck in negative thoughts, intense emotions, or behavioral patterns that don't serve your best interest? Are you hoping to build more meaning and joy in your life? You may feel hesitant about reaching out for help, especially with pressure from all directions to "have it all together". I'm here to join you on this journey to discover healing and build a balanced life. My goal is to help you find compassion for yourself, develop skills to help you navigate life stressors, and be confident in the resilient person you are.
(979) 451-6796 View (979) 451-6796
Photo of Melissa Martin, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Melissa Martin
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60647  (Online Only)
I am passionate about working with adults who are dealing with challenges including but not limited to: identifying and healing from trauma, identity exploration, interpersonal conflict, relationship with food and body, addictions, life transitions, eating disorders, mood disorders, stress management, and ADHD. The goal of my work with clients is for them to increase authenticity and vulnerability within the therapeutic relationship first, then translate that success to their lives outside of therapy. I empower clients with coping skills and provide a safe space for learning effective communication of and connection to emotions.
I am passionate about working with adults who are dealing with challenges including but not limited to: identifying and healing from trauma, identity exploration, interpersonal conflict, relationship with food and body, addictions, life transitions, eating disorders, mood disorders, stress management, and ADHD. The goal of my work with clients is for them to increase authenticity and vulnerability within the therapeutic relationship first, then translate that success to their lives outside of therapy. I empower clients with coping skills and provide a safe space for learning effective communication of and connection to emotions.
(312) 465-4765 View (312) 465-4765
Photo of Najila Harris, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Najila Harris
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622
As a therapist, I hold a strong belief in the effectiveness of therapy to empower individuals, cultivate self-awareness, and facilitate meaningful personal growth. My ideal client is someone earnestly seeking support through life's challenges, possibly grappling with anxiety, depression, or transitions, especially adolescents and young adults. They seek a safe space to explore thoughts and emotions, aiming to empower themselves, build self-awareness, and develop coping strategies. They value evidence-based therapy and are motivated to improve their well-being and quality of life through the therapeutic process.
As a therapist, I hold a strong belief in the effectiveness of therapy to empower individuals, cultivate self-awareness, and facilitate meaningful personal growth. My ideal client is someone earnestly seeking support through life's challenges, possibly grappling with anxiety, depression, or transitions, especially adolescents and young adults. They seek a safe space to explore thoughts and emotions, aiming to empower themselves, build self-awareness, and develop coping strategies. They value evidence-based therapy and are motivated to improve their well-being and quality of life through the therapeutic process.
(708) 726-9395 View (708) 726-9395
Photo of Katie Jensen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Katie Jensen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CST
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657
I believe in creating a welcoming therapeutic space that is both person-centered and affirming. Therapy is a place for you and I work together to identify challenges and develop more effective ways of addressing those challenges. My services are always tailored to the individual and I work to maintain a collaborative and strengths-based environment where trust and safety are a top priority. Ultimately, I hope that our work together helps you feel comfortable and confident as you navigate the world.
I believe in creating a welcoming therapeutic space that is both person-centered and affirming. Therapy is a place for you and I work together to identify challenges and develop more effective ways of addressing those challenges. My services are always tailored to the individual and I work to maintain a collaborative and strengths-based environment where trust and safety are a top priority. Ultimately, I hope that our work together helps you feel comfortable and confident as you navigate the world.
(773) 900-4499 View (773) 900-4499
Photo of Susan F. McClanahan, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Susan F. McClanahan
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60604
Northwestern and Rush University adjunct faculty member. Specializing in the treatment of eating disorders, depression and anxiety disorders. In addition, I frequently work with patients struggling with relationship issues, pregnancy, infertility and trauma.
Northwestern and Rush University adjunct faculty member. Specializing in the treatment of eating disorders, depression and anxiety disorders. In addition, I frequently work with patients struggling with relationship issues, pregnancy, infertility and trauma.
(224) 435-5571 View (224) 435-5571
Photo of Steven Nakisher, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Steven Nakisher
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60611  (Online Only)
Dr. Steven Nakisher offers a practical approach in a supportive, yet challenging atmosphere to help clients gain insight, make lasting changes in life and "get out your own way". With over 25 years of experience, he works particularly well with people who have previously experienced therapy as unhelpful. Dr. Nakisher also works a business consultant to major corporations, improving business through human capital.
Dr. Steven Nakisher offers a practical approach in a supportive, yet challenging atmosphere to help clients gain insight, make lasting changes in life and "get out your own way". With over 25 years of experience, he works particularly well with people who have previously experienced therapy as unhelpful. Dr. Nakisher also works a business consultant to major corporations, improving business through human capital.
(312) 626-5648 View (312) 626-5648
Photo of Melissa Filippi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Melissa Filippi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60639
I specialize in working with clients with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, sleep issues, stress, Autism, health problems, and Christian life coaching. Teenagers through senior adults experiencing depression, anxiety, OCD, complex trauma/dissociation, eating disorders, borderline personality disorder, suicidality, self-harm, substance abuse, and bipolar disorder are clients that would be a good fit for my expertise. I practice from a relational model and often use emotion-focused, person-centered interventions while also incorporating more concrete skills including CBT or DBT.
I specialize in working with clients with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, sleep issues, stress, Autism, health problems, and Christian life coaching. Teenagers through senior adults experiencing depression, anxiety, OCD, complex trauma/dissociation, eating disorders, borderline personality disorder, suicidality, self-harm, substance abuse, and bipolar disorder are clients that would be a good fit for my expertise. I practice from a relational model and often use emotion-focused, person-centered interventions while also incorporating more concrete skills including CBT or DBT.
(773) 832-5544 View (773) 832-5544
Photo of Megan Szudarski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Megan Szudarski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640
With over 7 years of experience in the field, I have experience supporting and working with diverse populations of children, adolescents, adults, & couples through a variety of life challenges. My experience includes treating: anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, body image concerns, family challenges, inner child and re-parenting work, relational issues, boundary setting, attachment styles in adults, LGBTQ+ population, grief & loss, trauma, supporting throughout 12-step programs, and life transitions. My interests include working with adults to maneuver life challenges around identity and narrative work, role exploration and more.
With over 7 years of experience in the field, I have experience supporting and working with diverse populations of children, adolescents, adults, & couples through a variety of life challenges. My experience includes treating: anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, body image concerns, family challenges, inner child and re-parenting work, relational issues, boundary setting, attachment styles in adults, LGBTQ+ population, grief & loss, trauma, supporting throughout 12-step programs, and life transitions. My interests include working with adults to maneuver life challenges around identity and narrative work, role exploration and more.
(773) 231-5291 View (773) 231-5291

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.