Therapists in Chicago, IL

View neighborhoods in Chicago
Photo of Quantam Consulting Services, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Quantam Consulting Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60603  (Online Only)
In my work, I am passionate about helping clients navigate challenges and strengthen their relationships. I believe in the power of open communication, empathy, and understanding in fostering healthy dynamics. I work with clients to identify and address conflicts, improve communication patterns, and build resilience in the face of adversity. I am committed to helping clients cultivate a sense of unity, support, and connection, and guiding them towards a more harmonious and fulfilling life together.
In my work, I am passionate about helping clients navigate challenges and strengthen their relationships. I believe in the power of open communication, empathy, and understanding in fostering healthy dynamics. I work with clients to identify and address conflicts, improve communication patterns, and build resilience in the face of adversity. I am committed to helping clients cultivate a sense of unity, support, and connection, and guiding them towards a more harmonious and fulfilling life together.
(708) 809-3102 View (708) 809-3102
Photo of Judith L Weirauch, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Judith L Weirauch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CCTP
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60640
I firmly believe in our capacity to make the choices necessary in order to live our lives fully and authentically, meeting life on life's terms. It is an act of courage to seek help when life's terms seem different than our own. Together we create the space for you to strengthen existing skills and develop new ones to achieve purpose, meaning, and contentment in your life and relationships. I believe in collaboration, respect, and humor to promote insight and change. We will create a safe environment in which you can feel empowered to enact the changes you desire.
I firmly believe in our capacity to make the choices necessary in order to live our lives fully and authentically, meeting life on life's terms. It is an act of courage to seek help when life's terms seem different than our own. Together we create the space for you to strengthen existing skills and develop new ones to achieve purpose, meaning, and contentment in your life and relationships. I believe in collaboration, respect, and humor to promote insight and change. We will create a safe environment in which you can feel empowered to enact the changes you desire.
(773) 839-4633 View (773) 839-4633
Photo of Kevin Seske, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Kevin Seske
Counselor, LCPC
Not Verified Not Verified
Chicago, IL 60614
My approach to therapy is collaborative, empowering, nonjudgmental, trauma informed, and goal-focused. I see therapy as a method to find the individual's strengths to help overcome any hardships they may be struggling with in their life. I integrate treatment modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma-Focused CBT, Narrative Therapy, Existential Therapy, and mindfulness techniques. In addition, I incorporate Sports Psychology in sessions where appropriate as I believe physical activity can empower us and teach us life skills that boost self-esteem, promote team building, and aid in relaxation.
My approach to therapy is collaborative, empowering, nonjudgmental, trauma informed, and goal-focused. I see therapy as a method to find the individual's strengths to help overcome any hardships they may be struggling with in their life. I integrate treatment modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma-Focused CBT, Narrative Therapy, Existential Therapy, and mindfulness techniques. In addition, I incorporate Sports Psychology in sessions where appropriate as I believe physical activity can empower us and teach us life skills that boost self-esteem, promote team building, and aid in relaxation.
(872) 205-3351 View (872) 205-3351
Photo of Grace Bothwell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Grace Bothwell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613
You may be familiar with the phrase "feel your feelings, don't think your feelings", but may be unsure of what that actually means. Perhaps you feel berated by your inner critic or stuck in conflict with parts of yourself or past experiences. Or maybe you and your partner/s are looking for support as you navigate attachment wounds. Together, we can work to disrupt patterns of distress as we find new ways to connect and create change. I practice from a harm reductionist/anti-oppressive lens that seeks to help you connect to build on your innate capacity to heal.
You may be familiar with the phrase "feel your feelings, don't think your feelings", but may be unsure of what that actually means. Perhaps you feel berated by your inner critic or stuck in conflict with parts of yourself or past experiences. Or maybe you and your partner/s are looking for support as you navigate attachment wounds. Together, we can work to disrupt patterns of distress as we find new ways to connect and create change. I practice from a harm reductionist/anti-oppressive lens that seeks to help you connect to build on your innate capacity to heal.
(872) 259-7305 View (872) 259-7305
Photo of Erica Lloyd, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Erica Lloyd
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60605
I am thrilled to bring a unique blend of warmth, passion, reliability, and enthusiasm to my practice. My clients consistently commend my dependability, insightfulness, relatability, and compassion, which foster an open, honest, and safe environment where they can comfortably address the uncomfortable and tap into their innate strengths.
I am thrilled to bring a unique blend of warmth, passion, reliability, and enthusiasm to my practice. My clients consistently commend my dependability, insightfulness, relatability, and compassion, which foster an open, honest, and safe environment where they can comfortably address the uncomfortable and tap into their innate strengths.
(312) 948-9630 View (312) 948-9630
Photo of Deeply Rooted Therapeutic Solutions, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Deeply Rooted Therapeutic Solutions
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60617
Life can be overwhelming & I am here to help you normalize your emotions, thoughts and experiences without shame as you figure life out. I believe everyone has the ability to successfully cope with life stressors & traumas, & therapy with me allows a non-judgmental space to talk through your feelings, thought patterns & repeated cycles while making strides to peace. Do you feel like you lack the skills and support to recover? Let's connect and dig deep.- Latesha Boyd
Life can be overwhelming & I am here to help you normalize your emotions, thoughts and experiences without shame as you figure life out. I believe everyone has the ability to successfully cope with life stressors & traumas, & therapy with me allows a non-judgmental space to talk through your feelings, thought patterns & repeated cycles while making strides to peace. Do you feel like you lack the skills and support to recover? Let's connect and dig deep.- Latesha Boyd
(872) 395-1345 View (872) 395-1345
Photo of Bryan Haggard, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Bryan Haggard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, L, C, S, W
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60637  (Online Only)
I'm Bryan, Therapist and Founder of Dash Health Counseling & Consulting, PLLC, a mental health therapist practice that offers culturally sensitive psychotherapy services virtually. The services are available to individuals, couples and groups. We offer general mental health treatment options for depression, anxiety, life transition, LGBTQ issues, racial issues, couples and more. Lastly sex addiction treatment as well.
I'm Bryan, Therapist and Founder of Dash Health Counseling & Consulting, PLLC, a mental health therapist practice that offers culturally sensitive psychotherapy services virtually. The services are available to individuals, couples and groups. We offer general mental health treatment options for depression, anxiety, life transition, LGBTQ issues, racial issues, couples and more. Lastly sex addiction treatment as well.
(773) 232-2839 View (773) 232-2839
Photo of Layla Tahmassebi, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Layla Tahmassebi
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60642
In so many areas of our lives, finding affirming care can be a difficult and exhausting process. For those of us who exist outside of normative understandings of gender, race, sexuality, and other identities, feeling fully seen and held in all of our multifaceted and interconnected expressions of self is a rare experience. As an individual, relationship, and sex therapist I strive to create a space where you can show up as your whole complex self. I focus on challenging narratives of what it means to be successful, worthy, valuable, and desirable and on making room for what feels good and true for you.
In so many areas of our lives, finding affirming care can be a difficult and exhausting process. For those of us who exist outside of normative understandings of gender, race, sexuality, and other identities, feeling fully seen and held in all of our multifaceted and interconnected expressions of self is a rare experience. As an individual, relationship, and sex therapist I strive to create a space where you can show up as your whole complex self. I focus on challenging narratives of what it means to be successful, worthy, valuable, and desirable and on making room for what feels good and true for you.
(708) 550-4046 View (708) 550-4046
Photo of Daniel Wimsatt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Daniel Wimsatt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CADC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60604
I have over 20 years of clinical experience helping individuals with a variety of life challenges. Some of the issues that I specialize in are: anxiety, depression, addiction, substance abuse, life transitions, and grief and loss. I strive to work from a place of non-judgement, creating support and emotional safety within the therapeutic relationship. I believe that emotional wellness and change in therapy are only possible when people feel encouraged and safe. One of my primary goals is to help my patients find a deeper connection to their authentic selves.
I have over 20 years of clinical experience helping individuals with a variety of life challenges. Some of the issues that I specialize in are: anxiety, depression, addiction, substance abuse, life transitions, and grief and loss. I strive to work from a place of non-judgement, creating support and emotional safety within the therapeutic relationship. I believe that emotional wellness and change in therapy are only possible when people feel encouraged and safe. One of my primary goals is to help my patients find a deeper connection to their authentic selves.
(773) 922-6558 View (773) 922-6558
Photo of Shannon Lawton-O'Boyle, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Shannon Lawton-O'Boyle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, MEd, LSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613  (Online Only)
I have an appreciation for complexity and understand that most of us live a life full of contradictions - striving for goodness, happiness, prosperity, low drama, and quality relationships. I get to witness clients create a foundation of safety from which they can pursue their personal and relational goals. I have a passion for working with both traditional relationships and alternative lifestyle clients, as individuals or couples. My clients are often unraveling past traumatic and toxic relationships or simply navigating the unknown with the goals of creating new, healthy patterns of communication, safety, and intimacy.
I have an appreciation for complexity and understand that most of us live a life full of contradictions - striving for goodness, happiness, prosperity, low drama, and quality relationships. I get to witness clients create a foundation of safety from which they can pursue their personal and relational goals. I have a passion for working with both traditional relationships and alternative lifestyle clients, as individuals or couples. My clients are often unraveling past traumatic and toxic relationships or simply navigating the unknown with the goals of creating new, healthy patterns of communication, safety, and intimacy.
View
Photo of Sean M. Dowdy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Sean M. Dowdy
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60603
The willingness to examine oneself—with honesty, curiosity, wonder, but also ambivalence and doubt—might be one of the bravest achievements of any human life. Acknowledging and respecting that courage in clients is my first sacred duty as a therapist. From there, we talk. We explore the unconscious dynamics of your life. We work together on getting un-stuck, grasping the multiple ways we can live with others on this beautiful yet fragile world, and building something new for yourself and for future generations.
The willingness to examine oneself—with honesty, curiosity, wonder, but also ambivalence and doubt—might be one of the bravest achievements of any human life. Acknowledging and respecting that courage in clients is my first sacred duty as a therapist. From there, we talk. We explore the unconscious dynamics of your life. We work together on getting un-stuck, grasping the multiple ways we can live with others on this beautiful yet fragile world, and building something new for yourself and for future generations.
(312) 854-8588 View (312) 854-8588
Photo of Lucy Waldmeir, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Lucy Waldmeir
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60661  (Online Only)
As a transnational and transracial adoptee with complex backgrounds, I'm passionate about working with the multicultural and multiracial individuals, adoptees and adolescents and adults from diverse racial, ethnic and cultural backgrounds. I have experience working with individuals from marginalized communities experiencing a range of traumas, anxiety, depression, grief and loss, life transitions, stressors, identity issues, etc. I understand adoptees may face unique difficulties, including interracial family conflict, self-esteem issues, race and cultural identity confusion, and feelings of grief and loss.
As a transnational and transracial adoptee with complex backgrounds, I'm passionate about working with the multicultural and multiracial individuals, adoptees and adolescents and adults from diverse racial, ethnic and cultural backgrounds. I have experience working with individuals from marginalized communities experiencing a range of traumas, anxiety, depression, grief and loss, life transitions, stressors, identity issues, etc. I understand adoptees may face unique difficulties, including interracial family conflict, self-esteem issues, race and cultural identity confusion, and feelings of grief and loss.
(312) 477-0451 View (312) 477-0451
Photo of Ryan Higgins, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Ryan Higgins
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60604
I enjoy meeting with people who are new to therapy and at the beginning stages of their journey. Understandably you may be unsure about therapy or possibly skeptical of how talking to a professional can be useful. For those who have experience with therapy, I am not a therapist that "just listens". I think it's more beneficial if I am engaged and communicating my assessment of your situation. The initial session typically focuses on current details and relevant back history. If you have experienced trauma or PTSD symptoms, my initial focus is to help you regulate your emotional responses before discussing the details of the trauma.
I enjoy meeting with people who are new to therapy and at the beginning stages of their journey. Understandably you may be unsure about therapy or possibly skeptical of how talking to a professional can be useful. For those who have experience with therapy, I am not a therapist that "just listens". I think it's more beneficial if I am engaged and communicating my assessment of your situation. The initial session typically focuses on current details and relevant back history. If you have experienced trauma or PTSD symptoms, my initial focus is to help you regulate your emotional responses before discussing the details of the trauma.
(312) 360-1983 View (312) 360-1983
Photo of Partners For Change, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Partners For Change, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60602
I am an active, cognitive behavioral therapist who forms strong therapeutic partnerships, laced with humor, gentleness, thoughtful confrontation and the belief that individuals have the right,responsibility and capacity to decide how they want to live. I am both supportive and challenging. I help individuals examine their belief systems, identify strengths, work through barriers to growth and develop specific strategies for modifying their behavior. While I believe that the client is ultimately responsible for life choices, I am actively involved as a consultant, supporter, strategist and trusted advisor.
I am an active, cognitive behavioral therapist who forms strong therapeutic partnerships, laced with humor, gentleness, thoughtful confrontation and the belief that individuals have the right,responsibility and capacity to decide how they want to live. I am both supportive and challenging. I help individuals examine their belief systems, identify strengths, work through barriers to growth and develop specific strategies for modifying their behavior. While I believe that the client is ultimately responsible for life choices, I am actively involved as a consultant, supporter, strategist and trusted advisor.
(773) 417-5218 x22 View (773) 417-5218 x22
Photo of Andrea Martinez Cabrera, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Andrea Martinez Cabrera
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60625
Not accepting new clients
I am grounded in a holistic approach that takes into consideration and addresses all parts of your life: physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, environmental. These aspects affect your overall health. If you are unwell in one aspect of your life, all aspects of your life are affected. Thus, therapy is not one size fits all, and I tailor my approach in therapy to allow my clients the ability to empower themselves, support personal growth, and live their own authentic lives.
I am grounded in a holistic approach that takes into consideration and addresses all parts of your life: physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, environmental. These aspects affect your overall health. If you are unwell in one aspect of your life, all aspects of your life are affected. Thus, therapy is not one size fits all, and I tailor my approach in therapy to allow my clients the ability to empower themselves, support personal growth, and live their own authentic lives.
(773) 570-6370 View (773) 570-6370
Photo of Answers Lie Within, Inc., Counselor in Chicago, IL
Answers Lie Within, Inc.
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60615
We believe the answer lies within. We are committed to guiding clients through the process of using one's own ability to find, know, and search for their inner key to unlock the answers that lie within.
We believe the answer lies within. We are committed to guiding clients through the process of using one's own ability to find, know, and search for their inner key to unlock the answers that lie within.
(773) 303-6473 View (773) 303-6473
Photo of Janay Anthony, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Janay Anthony
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657
I identify as a Black, queer, multi-disabled, polyamorous woman, and if we share any of the above identities, I may be the therapist for you! I name the above because these identities and the experiences associated with them inform how I show up in my practice as a therapist. All of who I am comes into the room. Likewise, I encourage clients to show up in their own authenticity. I lead with compassion and work with my clients to co-create a therapeutic environment that is collaborative, trusting, and creative.
I identify as a Black, queer, multi-disabled, polyamorous woman, and if we share any of the above identities, I may be the therapist for you! I name the above because these identities and the experiences associated with them inform how I show up in my practice as a therapist. All of who I am comes into the room. Likewise, I encourage clients to show up in their own authenticity. I lead with compassion and work with my clients to co-create a therapeutic environment that is collaborative, trusting, and creative.
(872) 266-4189 View (872) 266-4189
Photo of Liz Casline, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Liz Casline
Pre-Licensed Professional, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60657
I specialize in mental health treatment for children, adolescents, and young adults with depression, anxiety, OCD, and behavior problems. I take a collaborative, strengths-based approach, and have extensive training using cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), exposure and response prevention (ERP), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). My goal is to provide clients with a supportive space to reach their goals by developing a deeper understanding of emotions and build effective coping skills. I also work closely with parents and provide guidance on how to best support their child.
I specialize in mental health treatment for children, adolescents, and young adults with depression, anxiety, OCD, and behavior problems. I take a collaborative, strengths-based approach, and have extensive training using cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), exposure and response prevention (ERP), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). My goal is to provide clients with a supportive space to reach their goals by developing a deeper understanding of emotions and build effective coping skills. I also work closely with parents and provide guidance on how to best support their child.
(312) 967-1456 View (312) 967-1456
Photo of Khoury Daher, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Khoury Daher
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602
Oftentimes, the most basic need that people have is to feel like they're being heard. I am experienced in working with individuals who have experienced trauma and struggle w/ depression and anxiety symptoms. I have completed extensive research regarding PTSD and depression in African American men and am comfortable working with any population and gender. Clients should come to see me because I work to understand their behavior as individuals in the context of the systems we exist within, whether they be work, school, family, or community.
Oftentimes, the most basic need that people have is to feel like they're being heard. I am experienced in working with individuals who have experienced trauma and struggle w/ depression and anxiety symptoms. I have completed extensive research regarding PTSD and depression in African American men and am comfortable working with any population and gender. Clients should come to see me because I work to understand their behavior as individuals in the context of the systems we exist within, whether they be work, school, family, or community.
(312) 584-3258 View (312) 584-3258
Photo of Amy Weider, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Amy Weider
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60601
Major life changes, such as being diagnosed with a chronic illness, starting a new career path, losing a loved one, or becoming a caregiver, can be overwhelming. They can make us question our values, goals, and sense of self. In these pivotal moments, therapy becomes a powerful tool to navigate our journey, make meaning and find our authentic voices. It's time to give yourself permission to evolve and embrace the process of self-discovery.
Major life changes, such as being diagnosed with a chronic illness, starting a new career path, losing a loved one, or becoming a caregiver, can be overwhelming. They can make us question our values, goals, and sense of self. In these pivotal moments, therapy becomes a powerful tool to navigate our journey, make meaning and find our authentic voices. It's time to give yourself permission to evolve and embrace the process of self-discovery.
(312) 584-4805 View (312) 584-4805

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.