Therapists in San Rafael, CA

Photo of Alvin Louis Gilmore Jr, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Alvin Louis Gilmore Jr
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS Ed, MFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901  (Online Only)
Your everyday choices reflect the meaning you are attempting to bring to your life. Big or small, they are rooted in your in past, hopes, desires, needs, dreams, etc. There are times, however, when you experience trauma, severe life stressors, or times of crisis that impact your ability to make healthy choices producing confusion, fear, anger, and sadness. You may even feel as if it is a struggle to find ease, happiness, and peace. The journey to be more self-aware, to bring more contentment and joy in your life and to connect with others in healthy ways is the destination that you and I will strive towards.
Your everyday choices reflect the meaning you are attempting to bring to your life. Big or small, they are rooted in your in past, hopes, desires, needs, dreams, etc. There are times, however, when you experience trauma, severe life stressors, or times of crisis that impact your ability to make healthy choices producing confusion, fear, anger, and sadness. You may even feel as if it is a struggle to find ease, happiness, and peace. The journey to be more self-aware, to bring more contentment and joy in your life and to connect with others in healthy ways is the destination that you and I will strive towards.
(415) 949-7934 View (415) 949-7934
Photo of Susan Quigley, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Susan Quigley, MFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901
Ready for change and a more satisfying and balanced life? I offer compassionate listening, practical guidance and an action oriented approach to assist you in making the changes you want in your life.
Ready for change and a more satisfying and balanced life? I offer compassionate listening, practical guidance and an action oriented approach to assist you in making the changes you want in your life.
(415) 481-4921 View (415) 481-4921
Photo of Jenny Bates, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Jenny Bates
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Rafael, CA 94901
Many of us have been affected by mental health and/or substance abuse at some time in our lives. My practice was created so that individuals, couples and families could get support from someone who is experienced in the recovery process and has a true passion to help others and help people to find the best solutions to their own recovery. My specialty areas include those who are living with anxiety, depression, trauma and supporting those going through life changes (job, relationships etc.) Addiction and Co-Dependency is also a specialty area. I am an LGBTQ+ affirming therapist and welcome you to come as you are.
Many of us have been affected by mental health and/or substance abuse at some time in our lives. My practice was created so that individuals, couples and families could get support from someone who is experienced in the recovery process and has a true passion to help others and help people to find the best solutions to their own recovery. My specialty areas include those who are living with anxiety, depression, trauma and supporting those going through life changes (job, relationships etc.) Addiction and Co-Dependency is also a specialty area. I am an LGBTQ+ affirming therapist and welcome you to come as you are.
(415) 534-3954 View (415) 534-3954
Photo of Melanie Summerhayes Neuropsychologist, Psychologist in San Rafael, CA
Melanie Summerhayes Neuropsychologist
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901
I provide clinical neuropsychological evaluations for a wide range of known or suspected cognitive disorders across the lifespan. I also provide psychotherapy to those suffering from life stressors related to medical conditions, losing a loved one, trauma, grief, and depression. Life is full of challenges and can leave you wondering where to go next. This can lead to all sorts of pain, frustration, sadness, anger, and resentment. The good news is that you do not have to struggle alone. I practice cognitive behavioral therapy, insight oriented and solution focused therapy, and teach DBT coping skills.
I provide clinical neuropsychological evaluations for a wide range of known or suspected cognitive disorders across the lifespan. I also provide psychotherapy to those suffering from life stressors related to medical conditions, losing a loved one, trauma, grief, and depression. Life is full of challenges and can leave you wondering where to go next. This can lead to all sorts of pain, frustration, sadness, anger, and resentment. The good news is that you do not have to struggle alone. I practice cognitive behavioral therapy, insight oriented and solution focused therapy, and teach DBT coping skills.
(415) 766-9499 View (415) 766-9499
Photo of Edward Carl Vanderclute, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Edward Carl Vanderclute
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903
Are you down on yourself, beating yourself up with thoughts like "I'm not good enough, I'm a failure, I should work harder than I do or I'll never get what I want out of life?" Do you focus on your flaws rather than your strengths and maybe have even forgotten what your strengths are? I can help you identify, challenge and change those distorted, negative, self defeating ideas to give you a more realistic, compassionate and affirming sense of yourself.
Are you down on yourself, beating yourself up with thoughts like "I'm not good enough, I'm a failure, I should work harder than I do or I'll never get what I want out of life?" Do you focus on your flaws rather than your strengths and maybe have even forgotten what your strengths are? I can help you identify, challenge and change those distorted, negative, self defeating ideas to give you a more realistic, compassionate and affirming sense of yourself.
(415) 881-1233 View (415) 881-1233
Photo of David Noble Therapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Rafael, CA
David Noble Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Rafael, CA 94901
I specialize in working with adolescent males who are experiencing externalizing behaviors (e.g. oppositional defiance, aggression, truancy, delinquency, etc.). In addition, I have extensive experience working with families struggling with attachment, attunement, and communication issues. I also work with couples dealing with relational problems and life transitions.
I specialize in working with adolescent males who are experiencing externalizing behaviors (e.g. oppositional defiance, aggression, truancy, delinquency, etc.). In addition, I have extensive experience working with families struggling with attachment, attunement, and communication issues. I also work with couples dealing with relational problems and life transitions.
(415) 851-2360 View (415) 851-2360
Photo of Richard D. Flout, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Richard D. Flout
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903
Waitlist for new clients
I enjoy working with people who have a desire to get to know their authentic self. I believe that a warm, spacious, empathic and interactive relationship with my clients is key to the healing process. I will teach you a method to make sense of your inner experiences as well as your interactions with other people. I will help you identify the particular roles that you played in your family system and the resulting patterns of behavior that inhibit your self- expression, creativity and intimacy with others.
I enjoy working with people who have a desire to get to know their authentic self. I believe that a warm, spacious, empathic and interactive relationship with my clients is key to the healing process. I will teach you a method to make sense of your inner experiences as well as your interactions with other people. I will help you identify the particular roles that you played in your family system and the resulting patterns of behavior that inhibit your self- expression, creativity and intimacy with others.
(415) 799-9215 View (415) 799-9215
Photo of Jamie L Katoff, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Jamie L Katoff
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903
Are you mother or mom-to-be feeling stressed, anxious, or depressed? Do you struggle with constant "mom-guilt"? I can help! As a mother myself, I understand what you're going through and want to help you feel less alone, more whole, and better equipped to care for yourself as well as your children. I offer home-visits for new moms who might find leaving the house with a baby a bit overwhelming.
Are you mother or mom-to-be feeling stressed, anxious, or depressed? Do you struggle with constant "mom-guilt"? I can help! As a mother myself, I understand what you're going through and want to help you feel less alone, more whole, and better equipped to care for yourself as well as your children. I offer home-visits for new moms who might find leaving the house with a baby a bit overwhelming.
(415) 787-3929 View (415) 787-3929
Photo of Art Raisman, Psychologist in San Rafael, CA
Art Raisman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901
In 40 years of clinical practice I have come to think of what I do as a unique form of education. Psychotherapists "teach" not so much by telling people what to do (although good advice is often useful), but by helping clients to find the strength within themselves, and the needed support from those around them, to address the difficulties in their current lives in new and more effective ways. A therapeutic environment enables clients to develop a new way of understanding their life experiences that promotes higher self-esteem, increased capacity for intimacy, and greater effectiveness in work.
In 40 years of clinical practice I have come to think of what I do as a unique form of education. Psychotherapists "teach" not so much by telling people what to do (although good advice is often useful), but by helping clients to find the strength within themselves, and the needed support from those around them, to address the difficulties in their current lives in new and more effective ways. A therapeutic environment enables clients to develop a new way of understanding their life experiences that promotes higher self-esteem, increased capacity for intimacy, and greater effectiveness in work.
(415) 686-3342 View (415) 686-3342
Photo of Suzanne D Alfandari, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Suzanne D Alfandari
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901  (Online Only)
I use Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT/Tapping) and Motivational Interviewing (MI) to respectfully guide you through areas of ambivalence to change. Together, I help you create your next steps for the change you want, leading to greater satisfaction with life. According to medical literature, 80% of all illness comes from mental or emotional stress. While you may not be able to change the source of stress, you can learn to have a healthier relationship with it. Once you learn how to remove limiting beliefs and calm overwhelming emotions, the things you want to do come more easily.
I use Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT/Tapping) and Motivational Interviewing (MI) to respectfully guide you through areas of ambivalence to change. Together, I help you create your next steps for the change you want, leading to greater satisfaction with life. According to medical literature, 80% of all illness comes from mental or emotional stress. While you may not be able to change the source of stress, you can learn to have a healthier relationship with it. Once you learn how to remove limiting beliefs and calm overwhelming emotions, the things you want to do come more easily.
(415) 870-7494 View (415) 870-7494
Photo of Kevin Lecy, Psychologist in San Rafael, CA
Kevin Lecy
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Rafael, CA 94901
My work focuses on those who are attempting to navigate through serious psychiatric problems such as depression, anxiety, trauma, substance abuse or living in a household with someone who struggles with substance abuse or addiction. I help teens, stuck young adults, and stressed families navigate the perilous journey to find serenity and sanity in their daily lives. Throughout my decade and a half of experience, I have learned that effective treatment starts with dignity and authenticity. These factors lay the foundation for the most important aspects of successful therapy: safety, honesty, and courageous vulnerability.
My work focuses on those who are attempting to navigate through serious psychiatric problems such as depression, anxiety, trauma, substance abuse or living in a household with someone who struggles with substance abuse or addiction. I help teens, stuck young adults, and stressed families navigate the perilous journey to find serenity and sanity in their daily lives. Throughout my decade and a half of experience, I have learned that effective treatment starts with dignity and authenticity. These factors lay the foundation for the most important aspects of successful therapy: safety, honesty, and courageous vulnerability.
(415) 549-9356 View (415) 549-9356
Kristen Jorbahn Gkikas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Rafael, CA 94903
If you have found this page you are likely feeling lost, confused, overwhelmed or simply don’t feel like yourself anymore. Maybe you are having a difficult time with a life transition or are struggling to cope with a loss. I am here to help you get back on track so that you can reconnect with your true sense of self and gain confidence that you can tackle problems, now and in the future.
If you have found this page you are likely feeling lost, confused, overwhelmed or simply don’t feel like yourself anymore. Maybe you are having a difficult time with a life transition or are struggling to cope with a loss. I am here to help you get back on track so that you can reconnect with your true sense of self and gain confidence that you can tackle problems, now and in the future.
(415) 849-4480 View (415) 849-4480
Photo of Virgine De Paepe, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Virgine De Paepe
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CMT, LCSW
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
San Rafael, CA 94901
Hello! I have a warm, active and authentic style. I am not the stereo typical therapist who sits back and nods. I'm engaged and curious about you and your process, and I'm constantly learning about new approaches to healing and therapy. I am originally from Belgium and have been living in the states for 20 years now. My ultimate goal is to inspire, guide and empower you to live more JOY-FUL lives. I have a strong interest in working with women on the foundation of their SELF ESTEEM and how this impacts their relationships and decisions.
Hello! I have a warm, active and authentic style. I am not the stereo typical therapist who sits back and nods. I'm engaged and curious about you and your process, and I'm constantly learning about new approaches to healing and therapy. I am originally from Belgium and have been living in the states for 20 years now. My ultimate goal is to inspire, guide and empower you to live more JOY-FUL lives. I have a strong interest in working with women on the foundation of their SELF ESTEEM and how this impacts their relationships and decisions.
(415) 969-7190 View (415) 969-7190
Photo of Linea E Larsen, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Linea E Larsen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901
When you are ready to embark on your healing path, I will meet you with compassion, fair witness, and the skilled guidance of 20 years as a psychotherapist. Together, we will follow the path of the present moment, journeying to your true Self. The blocks to our own potentials developed for good reason from damaging events in our lives. They have served as protections but have also kept us encaged. Our soul, our spirit, longs toward a fuller Self.
When you are ready to embark on your healing path, I will meet you with compassion, fair witness, and the skilled guidance of 20 years as a psychotherapist. Together, we will follow the path of the present moment, journeying to your true Self. The blocks to our own potentials developed for good reason from damaging events in our lives. They have served as protections but have also kept us encaged. Our soul, our spirit, longs toward a fuller Self.
(510) 953-5631 View (510) 953-5631
Photo of Brian King, Psychologist in San Rafael, CA
Brian King
Psychologist, PsyD, QME
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Rafael, CA 94901  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I seek to provide a thoughtful and reflective setting where clients develop greater understanding of their problems and limitations through honest exploration of themselves, and to bolster strengths/foster growth. I provide a friendly and open atmosphere to invite sharing of whatever thought or feeling that comes up so that they can be explored, analyzed and ultimately changed if you want. I work in a collaborative way and do not necessarily see my role as an advice giver, but as a thoughtful companion in helping you find your own solutions and understanding. I use a flexible blend of clinical techniques and theories.
I seek to provide a thoughtful and reflective setting where clients develop greater understanding of their problems and limitations through honest exploration of themselves, and to bolster strengths/foster growth. I provide a friendly and open atmosphere to invite sharing of whatever thought or feeling that comes up so that they can be explored, analyzed and ultimately changed if you want. I work in a collaborative way and do not necessarily see my role as an advice giver, but as a thoughtful companion in helping you find your own solutions and understanding. I use a flexible blend of clinical techniques and theories.
(415) 991-3069 View (415) 991-3069
Photo of Andreas Bollinger, Psychologist in San Rafael, CA
Andreas Bollinger
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901
Welcome, I’m Andreas, and thank you for stopping by. My goal is to create a safe space where you can feel empowered, practice self-compassion, strengthen your resilience, and create a life that is meaningful to you. As a licensed Clinical Psychologist, I have over 30 years of experience as a therapist, first responder to natural and human-made disasters, clinical supervisor, trainer/consultant, graduate level professor, and NIH-funded researcher. My areas of expertise include treatments for trauma/PTSD (Prolonged Exposure, Written Narrative Exposure, and Cognitive Processing Therapy), substance use disorders, and mood disorders.
Welcome, I’m Andreas, and thank you for stopping by. My goal is to create a safe space where you can feel empowered, practice self-compassion, strengthen your resilience, and create a life that is meaningful to you. As a licensed Clinical Psychologist, I have over 30 years of experience as a therapist, first responder to natural and human-made disasters, clinical supervisor, trainer/consultant, graduate level professor, and NIH-funded researcher. My areas of expertise include treatments for trauma/PTSD (Prolonged Exposure, Written Narrative Exposure, and Cognitive Processing Therapy), substance use disorders, and mood disorders.
(415) 849-9612 View (415) 849-9612
Photo of Molly Schmidt, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Rafael, CA
Molly Schmidt
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901
Embarking on the journey of self-discovery can be both complex and daunting. I'm here to provide unwavering support, nurturing care, and insightful guidance as you navigate the challenges on your path. Consider me your trusted co-pilot throughout this healing expedition; witnessing every milestone and transformation along the way. Together, we'll delve into past experiences, relationships, and core beliefs to better understand how you got here. With patience and compassion, we'll uncover the profound depths of your being, paving the way for your most authentic self to emerge.
Embarking on the journey of self-discovery can be both complex and daunting. I'm here to provide unwavering support, nurturing care, and insightful guidance as you navigate the challenges on your path. Consider me your trusted co-pilot throughout this healing expedition; witnessing every milestone and transformation along the way. Together, we'll delve into past experiences, relationships, and core beliefs to better understand how you got here. With patience and compassion, we'll uncover the profound depths of your being, paving the way for your most authentic self to emerge.
(415) 423-2268 View (415) 423-2268
Photo of Ellis McCauley Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Ellis McCauley Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Rafael, CA 94901
I can help you to listen deeply to yourself, to learn to treat yourself kindly and with a keen ear for what is most important for being your fullest self. You don't have to be ruled by self-criticism, fear or past hurts. I also offer Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy (KAP), which can expedite results beyond what's possible in talk therapy alone. KAP brings shifts in perspective that can be anchored and implemented towards lasting change. If you are struggling with painful thoughts, memories, sense of self, life choices, or relationships, I can help you find greater clarity and choices that support you to be your most authentic self.
I can help you to listen deeply to yourself, to learn to treat yourself kindly and with a keen ear for what is most important for being your fullest self. You don't have to be ruled by self-criticism, fear or past hurts. I also offer Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy (KAP), which can expedite results beyond what's possible in talk therapy alone. KAP brings shifts in perspective that can be anchored and implemented towards lasting change. If you are struggling with painful thoughts, memories, sense of self, life choices, or relationships, I can help you find greater clarity and choices that support you to be your most authentic self.
(415) 634-0950 View (415) 634-0950
Photo of Elizabeth Suarez, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in San Rafael, CA
Elizabeth Suarez
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901
My name is Elizabeth Suarez, and I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC) based in Southern California. I work with older adolescents and young adults who may be feeling the impact of stress, anxiety, depression, or other emotional dysregulation struggles. I utilize an eclectic and trauma-informed approach to accompany my clients on their journey of healing and growth, helping them develop the tools and perspective they need to better understand themselves and make progress on their goals.
My name is Elizabeth Suarez, and I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC) based in Southern California. I work with older adolescents and young adults who may be feeling the impact of stress, anxiety, depression, or other emotional dysregulation struggles. I utilize an eclectic and trauma-informed approach to accompany my clients on their journey of healing and growth, helping them develop the tools and perspective they need to better understand themselves and make progress on their goals.
(415) 853-5302 View (415) 853-5302
Photo of Alyse Clayman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Alyse Clayman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CPC, LICSW
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with tween/teenagers dealing with issues such as: school/work/social stress, anxiety, depression, emotional regulation, and grief. My primary focus is to establish and maintain a genuine and collaborative relationship toward a more flexible mindset, increased capacity to manage symptoms, and improved self-esteem. Additionally, I work with parents of teens dealing with stress related to parenting. I view my task as collaborating with you to set goals and keep the therapy on track toward meeting these goals.
I specialize in working with tween/teenagers dealing with issues such as: school/work/social stress, anxiety, depression, emotional regulation, and grief. My primary focus is to establish and maintain a genuine and collaborative relationship toward a more flexible mindset, increased capacity to manage symptoms, and improved self-esteem. Additionally, I work with parents of teens dealing with stress related to parenting. I view my task as collaborating with you to set goals and keep the therapy on track toward meeting these goals.
(415) 969-5707 View (415) 969-5707

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Rafael, CA

600+

Average cost per session

$195

Therapists in San Rafael, CA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
84% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
70% Self Esteem
66% Grief
66% Trauma and PTSD
63% Stress

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

55% Aetna
45% Cigna and Evernorth
44% Anthem | Elevance

How Therapists in San Rafael, CA see their clients

70% In Person and Online
30% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Rafael?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.