Therapists in San Rafael, CA

Photo of Lisa Hauck-Loy, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Lisa Hauck-Loy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901
I see adult individuals who would like to: feel empowered, self-compassionate and self-expressive, to know their heart's desires, and to overcome self-defeating thoughts, behaviors and anxiety. I see straight and queer couples who want to: learn new ways of relating to co-create secure and fulfilling attachment, to learn how to make effective repairs with each other, and to learn how to manage oneself and one's partner in the best way.
I see adult individuals who would like to: feel empowered, self-compassionate and self-expressive, to know their heart's desires, and to overcome self-defeating thoughts, behaviors and anxiety. I see straight and queer couples who want to: learn new ways of relating to co-create secure and fulfilling attachment, to learn how to make effective repairs with each other, and to learn how to manage oneself and one's partner in the best way.
(415) 813-2649 View (415) 813-2649
Photo of Michael Staples, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Michael Staples
Marriage & Family Therapist, RT(T), MFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901
Jungian/Psychodynamic, Intersubjective "Depth" psychotherapy. Adults & Individuals. Cancer Coaching (see website). Approach informed by the work of C.G. Jung and those focusing on the workings of the unconscious "mind," that often ends up pulling one's strings, just outside of one's conscious awareness. It isn't often one's conscious "thinking" that is at the root of one's issues, but the "unconscious" processes that become stuck and unable to move on. Helping to address these processes is at the core of my work.
Jungian/Psychodynamic, Intersubjective "Depth" psychotherapy. Adults & Individuals. Cancer Coaching (see website). Approach informed by the work of C.G. Jung and those focusing on the workings of the unconscious "mind," that often ends up pulling one's strings, just outside of one's conscious awareness. It isn't often one's conscious "thinking" that is at the root of one's issues, but the "unconscious" processes that become stuck and unable to move on. Helping to address these processes is at the core of my work.
(415) 964-3524 View (415) 964-3524
Photo of Andreas Bollinger, Psychologist in San Rafael, CA
Andreas Bollinger
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901
Welcome, I’m Andreas, and thank you for stopping by. My goal is to create a safe space where you can feel empowered, practice self-compassion, strengthen your resilience, and create a life that is meaningful to you. As a licensed Clinical Psychologist, I have over 30 years of experience as a therapist, first responder to natural and human-made disasters, clinical supervisor, trainer/consultant, graduate level professor, and NIH-funded researcher. My areas of expertise include treatments for trauma/PTSD (Prolonged Exposure, Written Narrative Exposure, and Cognitive Processing Therapy), substance use disorders, and mood disorders.
Welcome, I’m Andreas, and thank you for stopping by. My goal is to create a safe space where you can feel empowered, practice self-compassion, strengthen your resilience, and create a life that is meaningful to you. As a licensed Clinical Psychologist, I have over 30 years of experience as a therapist, first responder to natural and human-made disasters, clinical supervisor, trainer/consultant, graduate level professor, and NIH-funded researcher. My areas of expertise include treatments for trauma/PTSD (Prolonged Exposure, Written Narrative Exposure, and Cognitive Processing Therapy), substance use disorders, and mood disorders.
(415) 849-9612 View (415) 849-9612
Photo of Jessica Potter, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Jessica Potter
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901
I am versatile in my clinical experience with clients of different ages and cultures. I have particular training in working with individuals struggling with trauma and the many symptoms related to trauma. I also have many years of experience working with those who struggle with addictions. I enjoy providing support groups for adults and teenagers. I have worked in schools, outpatient clinics, and private practice. I also have experience in suicide prevention work with teenagers and young adults.
I am versatile in my clinical experience with clients of different ages and cultures. I have particular training in working with individuals struggling with trauma and the many symptoms related to trauma. I also have many years of experience working with those who struggle with addictions. I enjoy providing support groups for adults and teenagers. I have worked in schools, outpatient clinics, and private practice. I also have experience in suicide prevention work with teenagers and young adults.
(415) 689-1017 View (415) 689-1017
Photo of Katharine Hatch, Psychologist in San Rafael, CA
Katharine Hatch
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901
I am a psychologist with a general therapy practice for adults, as well as a specialty in women's reproductive health (e.g., depression/anxiety in pregnancy and postpartum, perinatal loss, infertility and family building). In addition to treating depression and anxiety, I help people navigate issues regarding stress management, grief and loss, relationships, self-esteem, sexual orientation/identity, eating/body image, parenting, and transitions ( e.g., to college, to parenthood). In addition to providing individual therapy, I facilitate "Pathways: A Support Group for Postpartum Moms" through MarinHealth (Marin General Hospital).
I am a psychologist with a general therapy practice for adults, as well as a specialty in women's reproductive health (e.g., depression/anxiety in pregnancy and postpartum, perinatal loss, infertility and family building). In addition to treating depression and anxiety, I help people navigate issues regarding stress management, grief and loss, relationships, self-esteem, sexual orientation/identity, eating/body image, parenting, and transitions ( e.g., to college, to parenthood). In addition to providing individual therapy, I facilitate "Pathways: A Support Group for Postpartum Moms" through MarinHealth (Marin General Hospital).
(415) 419-3539 View (415) 419-3539
Photo of Gabriel Robinson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Gabriel Robinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901
Choosing to start psychotherapy can appear daunting, but will offer an opportunity and unique space for change, healing and growth. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and have well over a decade of experience in supporting the therapeutic goals and emotional needs of my clients. My approach to therapy blends evidence based practices, my sense of curiosity, humor, as well as a person centered approach. I will work with you to develop therapeutic goals that support your growth, healing, and change. I provide a direct, warm, and humanistic approach to help you in reaching your goals.
Choosing to start psychotherapy can appear daunting, but will offer an opportunity and unique space for change, healing and growth. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and have well over a decade of experience in supporting the therapeutic goals and emotional needs of my clients. My approach to therapy blends evidence based practices, my sense of curiosity, humor, as well as a person centered approach. I will work with you to develop therapeutic goals that support your growth, healing, and change. I provide a direct, warm, and humanistic approach to help you in reaching your goals.
(415) 969-4027 View (415) 969-4027
Photo of Grace Canton, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Grace Canton
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901
I believe that therapy is a partnership between client and therapist and that listening, understanding and respecting each clients story is necessary for bringing about positive change. In my therapy sessions I use my training and my life experiences to help my clients navigate through life's more difficult times. I use an integrative approach to therapy that tailors sessions to the clients needs.
I believe that therapy is a partnership between client and therapist and that listening, understanding and respecting each clients story is necessary for bringing about positive change. In my therapy sessions I use my training and my life experiences to help my clients navigate through life's more difficult times. I use an integrative approach to therapy that tailors sessions to the clients needs.
(628) 243-4006 View (628) 243-4006
Photo of Julie S Lehman, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Julie S Lehman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in working affirmatively with sex and gender diversity and sex-positive communities (LGBTQ*, non-normative relationships, open/non-monogamous, burners, polyamory, polysexuality, asexuality, intersex, gender nonconformity/fluidity, BDSM/kink, leather, fetish, HIV+, HepC+, Herpes+). I welcome clients with issues around minority stress, neurodivergence, depression/anxiety, trauma, grief/loss, couples/multiple-partner relationships, parent/child relationships, family counseling. I also welcome those looking to heal sexual trauma or those working through sexual difficulties. I'm a well-trained integrative sex therapist.
I specialize in working affirmatively with sex and gender diversity and sex-positive communities (LGBTQ*, non-normative relationships, open/non-monogamous, burners, polyamory, polysexuality, asexuality, intersex, gender nonconformity/fluidity, BDSM/kink, leather, fetish, HIV+, HepC+, Herpes+). I welcome clients with issues around minority stress, neurodivergence, depression/anxiety, trauma, grief/loss, couples/multiple-partner relationships, parent/child relationships, family counseling. I also welcome those looking to heal sexual trauma or those working through sexual difficulties. I'm a well-trained integrative sex therapist.
(415) 578-5306 View (415) 578-5306
Photo of Jennifer Loyer, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Jennifer Loyer, MFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901
Not accepting new clients
Do you want to work through unhelpful patterns, heal old wounds or learn new ways of coping and relating? I can help. I work with adults who want relief from depression or anxiety, or who need support with navigating a difficult loss or life transition. In addition, I assist individuals who wish to understand and transform patterns that are negatively impacting their self-esteem, relationships, work or parenting. My specialties include PTSD, complex trauma (CPTSD), childhood abuse and neglect and attachment injuries.
Do you want to work through unhelpful patterns, heal old wounds or learn new ways of coping and relating? I can help. I work with adults who want relief from depression or anxiety, or who need support with navigating a difficult loss or life transition. In addition, I assist individuals who wish to understand and transform patterns that are negatively impacting their self-esteem, relationships, work or parenting. My specialties include PTSD, complex trauma (CPTSD), childhood abuse and neglect and attachment injuries.
(415) 726-2625 View (415) 726-2625
Photo of Lucy O'Dwyer, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Rafael, CA
Lucy O'Dwyer
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Rafael, CA 94901  (Online Only)
It is a human imperative to grow, and to keep growing. However, sometimes we get stuck in systems which are too rigid to allow for the growth we need to do. At other times, life presents a huge plot twist and we need to accelerate the pace to keep up and keep moving. Therapy can be a great resource to help with either of these dilemmas.
It is a human imperative to grow, and to keep growing. However, sometimes we get stuck in systems which are too rigid to allow for the growth we need to do. At other times, life presents a huge plot twist and we need to accelerate the pace to keep up and keep moving. Therapy can be a great resource to help with either of these dilemmas.
(415) 237-4212 View (415) 237-4212
Photo of Melissa Tervet-da Cunha, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Melissa Tervet-da Cunha
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MEd
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Rafael, CA 94903
Waitlist for new clients
I teach children and their parents, teens, and adults how to live more enjoyable and fulfilling lives released from the grip of anxiety, worry, or depression. I bring my practice of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy along with my experience as an educator to every session, helping clients learn skills that empower them to experience life in a more fulfilling and satisfying way. I use the most effective research-based treatments for OCD and for uncontrollable hair pulling/skin picking behaviors.
I teach children and their parents, teens, and adults how to live more enjoyable and fulfilling lives released from the grip of anxiety, worry, or depression. I bring my practice of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy along with my experience as an educator to every session, helping clients learn skills that empower them to experience life in a more fulfilling and satisfying way. I use the most effective research-based treatments for OCD and for uncontrollable hair pulling/skin picking behaviors.
(415) 942-1645 View (415) 942-1645
Photo of Joseph Choy, Psychologist in San Rafael, CA
Joseph Choy
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903  (Online Only)
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stressed, depressed, anxious or alone? Are you having trouble coping with life’s stressors, chronic health issues, having relationship conflicts, or plagued with unsettling thoughts, feelings and behaviors? Often times these difficult experiences stem from a lack of awareness and disharmony in our lives and not having the tools, strategies and guidance to help us overcome our problems.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stressed, depressed, anxious or alone? Are you having trouble coping with life’s stressors, chronic health issues, having relationship conflicts, or plagued with unsettling thoughts, feelings and behaviors? Often times these difficult experiences stem from a lack of awareness and disharmony in our lives and not having the tools, strategies and guidance to help us overcome our problems.
(415) 226-4096 View (415) 226-4096
Photo of Ginny Bahr, Counselor in San Rafael, CA
Ginny Bahr
Counselor, MA, LPCC, MAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Rafael, CA 94915  (Online Only)
Addiction is a complex illness that has a lasting impact on a person and their entire family. Everyone's best intentions to heal or change can often result in outcomes that perpetuate suffering. The addiction cycle can feel like a rollercoaster with fleeting to no progress, or worse. There is a way off this ride. At Marin Family Recovery, we believe that a person's ability to change their life story and fully live a satisfying life is possible no matter how dark the starting place feels. Addiction is 100% treatable. With life there is always opportunity.
Addiction is a complex illness that has a lasting impact on a person and their entire family. Everyone's best intentions to heal or change can often result in outcomes that perpetuate suffering. The addiction cycle can feel like a rollercoaster with fleeting to no progress, or worse. There is a way off this ride. At Marin Family Recovery, we believe that a person's ability to change their life story and fully live a satisfying life is possible no matter how dark the starting place feels. Addiction is 100% treatable. With life there is always opportunity.
(415) 969-3045 View (415) 969-3045
Photo of Rochelle Edwards, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Rochelle Edwards
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901
I am a seasoned psychotherapist, mediator and transformative leader in my work with individuals, families, couples and organizations. I have extensive experience utilizing restorative justice practices and establishing trusting relationships with a variety of diverse populations. I integrate 23 years of experience working in the criminal justice system and three decades of work as a humanistic psychotherapist to be able to meet my clients where they are at and support them on their transformative journey.
I am a seasoned psychotherapist, mediator and transformative leader in my work with individuals, families, couples and organizations. I have extensive experience utilizing restorative justice practices and establishing trusting relationships with a variety of diverse populations. I integrate 23 years of experience working in the criminal justice system and three decades of work as a humanistic psychotherapist to be able to meet my clients where they are at and support them on their transformative journey.
(415) 573-3755 View (415) 573-3755
Photo of Julie Auslander, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Julie Auslander
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903
I believe in creating a safe nonjudgemental environment to give the support and tools you need to grow into your potential. I have a great deal of experience in attachment issues, as well as anxiety and depression. My goal is to help you be in alignment with your authentic self. I offer individual therapy to process any obstacles that may be getting in the way of your ability to fully enjoy life. I also have extensive experience helping clients process all types of trauma.
I believe in creating a safe nonjudgemental environment to give the support and tools you need to grow into your potential. I have a great deal of experience in attachment issues, as well as anxiety and depression. My goal is to help you be in alignment with your authentic self. I offer individual therapy to process any obstacles that may be getting in the way of your ability to fully enjoy life. I also have extensive experience helping clients process all types of trauma.
(415) 598-1269 View (415) 598-1269
Photo of Miriam Rubino, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Miriam Rubino
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Rafael, CA 94901
My clients are from diverse backgrounds and ages, but they share something in common: a desire to find their compass, to connect with others and themselves more meaningfully. I help clients improve relationships, resolve grief, address effects of trauma, manage anxiety and depressive symptoms, increase self-esteem, foster resilience and healthy coping skills, so they experience more satisfaction in life. I compassionately challenge you, support you to increase insight and action in your journey towards creating a more balanced life. My style is mindful, embodied and playful, spiritual yet grounded. My clients like "my realness".
My clients are from diverse backgrounds and ages, but they share something in common: a desire to find their compass, to connect with others and themselves more meaningfully. I help clients improve relationships, resolve grief, address effects of trauma, manage anxiety and depressive symptoms, increase self-esteem, foster resilience and healthy coping skills, so they experience more satisfaction in life. I compassionately challenge you, support you to increase insight and action in your journey towards creating a more balanced life. My style is mindful, embodied and playful, spiritual yet grounded. My clients like "my realness".
(415) 446-1455 View (415) 446-1455
Photo of Dr. Emily Zhang, Psychologist in San Rafael, CA
Dr. Emily Zhang
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903  (Online Only)
Hello, my name is Dr. Emily Zhang! I am a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in the treatments of adults (18+) who are struggling with depression, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, personality disorders, and in some cases, trauma recovery and grief and loss. My practice focuses on helping my clients understand their symptoms and the problems that impact their mood, so that they can overcome issues related to their depression and anxiety. I am fluent in English and Cantonese. I am not only bilingual, but bicultural as well and has had good success establishing rapport with diverse populations.
Hello, my name is Dr. Emily Zhang! I am a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in the treatments of adults (18+) who are struggling with depression, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, personality disorders, and in some cases, trauma recovery and grief and loss. My practice focuses on helping my clients understand their symptoms and the problems that impact their mood, so that they can overcome issues related to their depression and anxiety. I am fluent in English and Cantonese. I am not only bilingual, but bicultural as well and has had good success establishing rapport with diverse populations.
(415) 741-2685 View (415) 741-2685
Photo of Irma Rivera-Carlisle, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Irma Rivera-Carlisle
Marriage & Family Therapist, MDiv, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903
Stress and worry can take its toll on our minds and bodies. If you experience high levels of these, or feel empty at the end of the day, I will provide a safe and caring environment with which to explore the causal factors. I enjoy working with codependency, Self-development, life transitions, and relational dynamics.
Stress and worry can take its toll on our minds and bodies. If you experience high levels of these, or feel empty at the end of the day, I will provide a safe and caring environment with which to explore the causal factors. I enjoy working with codependency, Self-development, life transitions, and relational dynamics.
(415) 851-3114 View (415) 851-3114
Photo of Elizabeth Suarez, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in San Rafael, CA
Elizabeth Suarez
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901
My name is Elizabeth Suarez, and I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC) based in Southern California. I work with older adolescents and young adults who may be feeling the impact of stress, anxiety, depression, or other emotional dysregulation struggles. I utilize an eclectic and trauma-informed approach to accompany my clients on their journey of healing and growth, helping them develop the tools and perspective they need to better understand themselves and make progress on their goals.
My name is Elizabeth Suarez, and I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC) based in Southern California. I work with older adolescents and young adults who may be feeling the impact of stress, anxiety, depression, or other emotional dysregulation struggles. I utilize an eclectic and trauma-informed approach to accompany my clients on their journey of healing and growth, helping them develop the tools and perspective they need to better understand themselves and make progress on their goals.
(415) 853-5302 View (415) 853-5302
Photo of Wendy Brown, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Rafael, CA
Wendy Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94901  (Online Only)
We heal and grow best in relationships that support the hard work of self-knowledge and self-growth. In my practice, open dialogue is important. Our curiosity will help you explore and know yourself better. What we carry forward from past relationships affects both ourselves and our loved ones in the present. Coming to know and understand what is going on can help shift things for you. If you are looking inward and working on yourself, you can make bigger gains doing it with someone who has the training and experience to facilitate an experience within you through dialogue.
We heal and grow best in relationships that support the hard work of self-knowledge and self-growth. In my practice, open dialogue is important. Our curiosity will help you explore and know yourself better. What we carry forward from past relationships affects both ourselves and our loved ones in the present. Coming to know and understand what is going on can help shift things for you. If you are looking inward and working on yourself, you can make bigger gains doing it with someone who has the training and experience to facilitate an experience within you through dialogue.
(415) 787-2981 View (415) 787-2981

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Rafael, CA

600+

Average cost per session

$195

Therapists in San Rafael, CA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
84% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
70% Self Esteem
66% Grief
66% Trauma and PTSD
63% Stress

Average years in practice

16 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

55% Aetna
45% Cigna and Evernorth
44% Anthem | Elevance

How Therapists in San Rafael, CA see their clients

70% In Person and Online
30% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Rafael?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.