Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

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Photo of Danielle Silver, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Danielle Silver
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63132
Waitlist for new clients
Inquiring Minds Counseling & Consultation was founded under the inherent reciprocity between human connection. In our process together we will collaborate, inquire into your story, curiously reflect on the uniqueness that is you and the experiences that have led you to this point. Together we will work to piece together the webs of connection between your formative experiences, family, culture, gender identity, religious or spiritual orientation, community influences and trauma. Together we will find that you are not defective, broken or in need of repair—in fact, you are coming more fully into who you are meant to be.
Inquiring Minds Counseling & Consultation was founded under the inherent reciprocity between human connection. In our process together we will collaborate, inquire into your story, curiously reflect on the uniqueness that is you and the experiences that have led you to this point. Together we will work to piece together the webs of connection between your formative experiences, family, culture, gender identity, religious or spiritual orientation, community influences and trauma. Together we will find that you are not defective, broken or in need of repair—in fact, you are coming more fully into who you are meant to be.
(314) 866-8066 View (314) 866-8066
Photo of Yvette Sanchez, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Saint Louis, MO
Yvette Sanchez
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, PLMFT
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63104
We all need help at some point, and it has been especially difficult for many individuals to navigate life these past few years. Whether you are experiencing anxiety, generational trauma, or family conflict, I can walk along this path with you. You are not alone. If you are struggling with life transitions such as adjusting to college, the death of a loved one, new marriage, or a relationship, and need someone to validate your experiences in an empathetic and non-judgmental environment, I am here to help. Seeking support can be frightening at first, but it's one of the bravest and most important steps you can take.
We all need help at some point, and it has been especially difficult for many individuals to navigate life these past few years. Whether you are experiencing anxiety, generational trauma, or family conflict, I can walk along this path with you. You are not alone. If you are struggling with life transitions such as adjusting to college, the death of a loved one, new marriage, or a relationship, and need someone to validate your experiences in an empathetic and non-judgmental environment, I am here to help. Seeking support can be frightening at first, but it's one of the bravest and most important steps you can take.
(314) 742-7741 View (314) 742-7741
Photo of Erin Hotz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Erin Hotz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63127
Life is not always easy. Transitions, such as becoming an adult or becoming a parent, can be welcome changes but can also be hard to manage. We also come across challenges in our day to day life that we may have a hard time coping with. Sometimes these things lead to issues like anxiety, depression, grief, struggles in relationships, or issues with school or work. My background in both Social Work and Child Development gives me a unique, holistic perspective that informs my practice. I particularly enjoy using my background to help both young adults and parents work through the challenges that come with their stages in life.
Life is not always easy. Transitions, such as becoming an adult or becoming a parent, can be welcome changes but can also be hard to manage. We also come across challenges in our day to day life that we may have a hard time coping with. Sometimes these things lead to issues like anxiety, depression, grief, struggles in relationships, or issues with school or work. My background in both Social Work and Child Development gives me a unique, holistic perspective that informs my practice. I particularly enjoy using my background to help both young adults and parents work through the challenges that come with their stages in life.
(314) 470-9816 View (314) 470-9816
Photo of Rae Larson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Rae Larson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63118  (Online Only)
Cishet society got you down? Feeling that constant pressure to make yourself small. Often caught between crippling anxiety and debilitating depression. Struggling to find spaces where you can be real, maybe even within yourself.
Cishet society got you down? Feeling that constant pressure to make yourself small. Often caught between crippling anxiety and debilitating depression. Struggling to find spaces where you can be real, maybe even within yourself.
(314) 343-0981 View (314) 343-0981
Photo of Julia C Rothermich, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Julia C Rothermich
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63131
Are you tired of answering the question "What's wrong?" One of the hardest things in life is having words in your heart that you can't speak. Together, we can find your voice and explore whatever brings you to counseling in a collaborative, safe and supportive setting. Mental health is just as critical as your physical health and you don't need to suffer in silence. You deserve an emotional check-up.
Are you tired of answering the question "What's wrong?" One of the hardest things in life is having words in your heart that you can't speak. Together, we can find your voice and explore whatever brings you to counseling in a collaborative, safe and supportive setting. Mental health is just as critical as your physical health and you don't need to suffer in silence. You deserve an emotional check-up.
(636) 779-4040 View (636) 779-4040
Photo of Kari Wilson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Kari Wilson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CYT200
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63119
What I have found that brings people to therapy is a tension between two things, which is often an internal feeling and something that is happening in life. Sometimes this becomes so overwhelming that it feels as though we are drowning in decisions and feelings. Often it is our unconscious complexes and attachments that constellate this type of energy. I practice in-depth psychotherapy with a Jungian influence. This type of therapy is unstructured and long-term, which allows for space and flexibility for the healing process to occur.
What I have found that brings people to therapy is a tension between two things, which is often an internal feeling and something that is happening in life. Sometimes this becomes so overwhelming that it feels as though we are drowning in decisions and feelings. Often it is our unconscious complexes and attachments that constellate this type of energy. I practice in-depth psychotherapy with a Jungian influence. This type of therapy is unstructured and long-term, which allows for space and flexibility for the healing process to occur.
(314) 470-8835 View (314) 470-8835
Photo of Kevin Galle, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Kevin Galle
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, PLPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63118
Maybe you're feeling lost? Maybe you're feeling cheated, insignificant, or like the fire in your soul is smoldering out? We can all feel that way sometimes. The good news is it's not a life sentence and we don't have to do it alone! I would love to accompany you on your path towards healing and transformation as you strive towards building the life you want for yourself. Therapy, to me, is a relational tool in which we can explore ourselves more deeply and heal from our deepest pains.
Maybe you're feeling lost? Maybe you're feeling cheated, insignificant, or like the fire in your soul is smoldering out? We can all feel that way sometimes. The good news is it's not a life sentence and we don't have to do it alone! I would love to accompany you on your path towards healing and transformation as you strive towards building the life you want for yourself. Therapy, to me, is a relational tool in which we can explore ourselves more deeply and heal from our deepest pains.
(314) 947-6233 View (314) 947-6233
Photo of Marybeth Pugh, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Marybeth Pugh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63124
Hello, I’m MaryBeth! I have 8 years of clinical experience in community mental health. My goal is to help you achieve your goals, as I believe that YOU are the expert in your life and you deserve to take up space in this world! I work with people ages 15 & up. I am trained in EMDR, TF-CBT, & CPT. Through a trauma informed lens, we will use client-centered therapy to tailor modalities to your personal needs. I also find that creating art in our sessions can be incredibly powerful, if that’s something you’d like to explore! I accept UHC, Cigna, Aetna, Medicaid HSH, & self-pay.
Hello, I’m MaryBeth! I have 8 years of clinical experience in community mental health. My goal is to help you achieve your goals, as I believe that YOU are the expert in your life and you deserve to take up space in this world! I work with people ages 15 & up. I am trained in EMDR, TF-CBT, & CPT. Through a trauma informed lens, we will use client-centered therapy to tailor modalities to your personal needs. I also find that creating art in our sessions can be incredibly powerful, if that’s something you’d like to explore! I accept UHC, Cigna, Aetna, Medicaid HSH, & self-pay.
(314) 970-5040 View (314) 970-5040
Photo of Jason Eccker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Jason Eccker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63139
Waitlist for new clients
As a social worker, my goal is to partner with my clients so that they may achieve their goals. I have a diverse background in treating trauma, addiction and mental health from a strengths-based perspective, and I have been successful in helping clients to integrate long-term solutions in their daily lives. I feel that my ability to create a strong therapeutic alliance with clients as one of my biggest strengths. For those suffering from PTSD/other past trauma, I offer EMDR therapy which continues to be researched as highly effective for individuals suffering from these conditions.
As a social worker, my goal is to partner with my clients so that they may achieve their goals. I have a diverse background in treating trauma, addiction and mental health from a strengths-based perspective, and I have been successful in helping clients to integrate long-term solutions in their daily lives. I feel that my ability to create a strong therapeutic alliance with clients as one of my biggest strengths. For those suffering from PTSD/other past trauma, I offer EMDR therapy which continues to be researched as highly effective for individuals suffering from these conditions.
(314) 696-6089 View (314) 696-6089
Photo of Shannon Clark, Psychologist in Saint Louis, MO
Shannon Clark
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63117
What's not working with your health and life goals? Do you suffer from pain and can't get a clear answer why? Do you find the motivation to stay healthy an impossible task with your busy schedule? Do difficult relationships or trauma make it hard to manage stress? It's time to do the deeper work.
What's not working with your health and life goals? Do you suffer from pain and can't get a clear answer why? Do you find the motivation to stay healthy an impossible task with your busy schedule? Do difficult relationships or trauma make it hard to manage stress? It's time to do the deeper work.
(314) 866-3957 View (314) 866-3957
Photo of Kate MacLeod, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Kate MacLeod
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63127
Hello! I specialize in working with adults that are struggling with self-esteem, anxiety, depression, or other issues that are causing stress in their lives. My treatment approach is a mix of learning coping strategies to manage current issues (CBT), along with discussing childhood, family relationships, and past experiences that impact how we see ourselves, others, and the world today. The way we communicate, behave, and deal with emotions are developed over time and through a variety of experiences, good and bad. Being able to recognize these patterns and where they come from can help us create more positive and long term change.
Hello! I specialize in working with adults that are struggling with self-esteem, anxiety, depression, or other issues that are causing stress in their lives. My treatment approach is a mix of learning coping strategies to manage current issues (CBT), along with discussing childhood, family relationships, and past experiences that impact how we see ourselves, others, and the world today. The way we communicate, behave, and deal with emotions are developed over time and through a variety of experiences, good and bad. Being able to recognize these patterns and where they come from can help us create more positive and long term change.
(314) 274-1807 View (314) 274-1807
Photo of Natalie J Smith, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Natalie J Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63107  (Online Only)
Whether you are struggling with stress, anxiety, depression, self-image, or other life's pressure, I am here to listen and provide help as needed. As your therapist, I want to be a guide for you to navigate the challenges you may face as well as assist you in identifying ways to navigate yourself through tough situations, thoughts and feelings.
Whether you are struggling with stress, anxiety, depression, self-image, or other life's pressure, I am here to listen and provide help as needed. As your therapist, I want to be a guide for you to navigate the challenges you may face as well as assist you in identifying ways to navigate yourself through tough situations, thoughts and feelings.
(314) 947-2645 View (314) 947-2645
Photo of Claire Pfeifer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Claire Pfeifer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108  (Online Only)
Hi! Are you looking for a nonjudgmental space to process your feelings? Maybe emotions are overwhelming, and we need to take a step back and learn how to name and locate what you are feeling first. I work with clients of diverse backgrounds, sexual orientations, genders, and relationship structures. I specialize in assisting adults and couples to recognize and disrupt existing patterns learned throughout their lives, which can affect them in multiple ways. Additionally, I offer practical skills that can be applied immediately to address symptoms of anxiety, depression, and relationship issues, thereby improving overall functioning.
Hi! Are you looking for a nonjudgmental space to process your feelings? Maybe emotions are overwhelming, and we need to take a step back and learn how to name and locate what you are feeling first. I work with clients of diverse backgrounds, sexual orientations, genders, and relationship structures. I specialize in assisting adults and couples to recognize and disrupt existing patterns learned throughout their lives, which can affect them in multiple ways. Additionally, I offer practical skills that can be applied immediately to address symptoms of anxiety, depression, and relationship issues, thereby improving overall functioning.
(314) 207-9308 View (314) 207-9308
Photo of Fred Hudson, Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Fred Hudson
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63122
Fred Hudson is a Licensed Professional Counselor (Missouri) and National Certified Counselor who has been practicing since 2007. He graduated from Webster University in St. Louis, Missouri with a Master of Arts degree in Counseling.
Fred Hudson is a Licensed Professional Counselor (Missouri) and National Certified Counselor who has been practicing since 2007. He graduated from Webster University in St. Louis, Missouri with a Master of Arts degree in Counseling.
(314) 860-7915 View (314) 860-7915
Photo of David Oliver, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
David Oliver
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63105
Exploring the depths of our inner selves and the complexities of our lives can prove challenging. Are you struggling with a chorus of critical voices, both internal and external, that can make self-reflection feel like a grueling task. This is where counseling steps in, offering the invaluable support needed to navigate this cacophony of thoughts and voices. It provides a creative space where we can work through the noise and find the clarity necessary for genuine transformation. The heart of counseling lies in allowing someone to truly understand the inner you, while you learn to embrace your uniqueness.
Exploring the depths of our inner selves and the complexities of our lives can prove challenging. Are you struggling with a chorus of critical voices, both internal and external, that can make self-reflection feel like a grueling task. This is where counseling steps in, offering the invaluable support needed to navigate this cacophony of thoughts and voices. It provides a creative space where we can work through the noise and find the clarity necessary for genuine transformation. The heart of counseling lies in allowing someone to truly understand the inner you, while you learn to embrace your uniqueness.
(314) 370-2382 View (314) 370-2382
Photo of Quantum Consulting Group LLC, Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Quantum Consulting Group LLC
Counselor, EdD, LPC, NCC, BC-THC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63101  (Online Only)
I'm Dr. Cal Spinks and I extend a hand of solidarity and understanding to all of you! With over a quarter-century of navigating the complex landscapes of the heart and mind, I established Quantum Consulting Group LLC. Our mission? To weave a haven of mental health support that honors the rich tapestry of your cultural experiences. Our dedicated therapists stand ready, embracing every hue of humanity with open arms. Because in this world of ours, every soul deserves a sanctuary that echoes their own voice. Step into the embrace of Quantum, where you're not just seen, but understood. Let's embark on this journey of healing together.
I'm Dr. Cal Spinks and I extend a hand of solidarity and understanding to all of you! With over a quarter-century of navigating the complex landscapes of the heart and mind, I established Quantum Consulting Group LLC. Our mission? To weave a haven of mental health support that honors the rich tapestry of your cultural experiences. Our dedicated therapists stand ready, embracing every hue of humanity with open arms. Because in this world of ours, every soul deserves a sanctuary that echoes their own voice. Step into the embrace of Quantum, where you're not just seen, but understood. Let's embark on this journey of healing together.
(314) 208-2718 View (314) 208-2718
Photo of Katie Killeen, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Katie Killeen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63118
You are ready for therapy. You’re exhausted from unmet needs, chronic caretaking, traumatic triggers, or feelings of shame. Connection and joy are brief and seem out of reach. You're feeling helpless, unworthy, unfulfilled, and anxious. Maybe you yearn to be known by your partner, friends, and community. You want to tell a new story with your life, nurture a space of inner peace, or return to the love you once felt in your relationship. You yearn to connect more authentically with your body, your world, and the people in it.
You are ready for therapy. You’re exhausted from unmet needs, chronic caretaking, traumatic triggers, or feelings of shame. Connection and joy are brief and seem out of reach. You're feeling helpless, unworthy, unfulfilled, and anxious. Maybe you yearn to be known by your partner, friends, and community. You want to tell a new story with your life, nurture a space of inner peace, or return to the love you once felt in your relationship. You yearn to connect more authentically with your body, your world, and the people in it.
(314) 671-0710 View (314) 671-0710
Photo of Jill Storm - Sandhill Counseling, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Jill Storm - Sandhill Counseling
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd, PLPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63128
We spend a lot of our lives trying to be who others want us to be or who we imagine ourselves to be. But if we put aside those expectations, who are we? Who can we become? I consider it a great privilege to sit with clients and help them peel back the layers of themselves. This can be a painful process. It can also lead to a more enriching present and future.
We spend a lot of our lives trying to be who others want us to be or who we imagine ourselves to be. But if we put aside those expectations, who are we? Who can we become? I consider it a great privilege to sit with clients and help them peel back the layers of themselves. This can be a painful process. It can also lead to a more enriching present and future.
(636) 242-6301 View (636) 242-6301
Photo of Joan A Di Pretore, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Joan A Di Pretore
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63105  (Online Only)
Dedicated to my clients' happiness and success, I feel honored to be trusted with their innermost thoughts. They often report feeling completely overwhelmed and stressed by life situations: e.g. relationship conflict, conflict at work, loss of a loved one. Feeling that life is controlling them, they report feeling depressed, anxious, and doubting their own ability. Through our work together in therapy, my clients have felt empowered to regain the control necessary to make positive changes in their lives and relationships, and thereby resolve their conflicts, reduce their level of stress, and relieve their accompanying anxiety and depression.
Dedicated to my clients' happiness and success, I feel honored to be trusted with their innermost thoughts. They often report feeling completely overwhelmed and stressed by life situations: e.g. relationship conflict, conflict at work, loss of a loved one. Feeling that life is controlling them, they report feeling depressed, anxious, and doubting their own ability. Through our work together in therapy, my clients have felt empowered to regain the control necessary to make positive changes in their lives and relationships, and thereby resolve their conflicts, reduce their level of stress, and relieve their accompanying anxiety and depression.
(314) 714-4248 View (314) 714-4248
Photo of Lanny W Mcfarland, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Lanny W Mcfarland
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63123
If you are reading this, then chances are you or someone you love is in need of professional counseling. I understand this can be a difficult process and cause significant anxiety. But you are just a simple phone call away. So whether you are struggling with depression or anxiety disorder, marital problems, spiritual abuse or issues of faith, trauma from childhood abuse, or some form of addiction, you have turned to the right place. Together, as a relationship of trust begins, we will identify what you hope counseling will provide and a plan to address that hope.
If you are reading this, then chances are you or someone you love is in need of professional counseling. I understand this can be a difficult process and cause significant anxiety. But you are just a simple phone call away. So whether you are struggling with depression or anxiety disorder, marital problems, spiritual abuse or issues of faith, trauma from childhood abuse, or some form of addiction, you have turned to the right place. Together, as a relationship of trust begins, we will identify what you hope counseling will provide and a plan to address that hope.
(314) 736-3593 View (314) 736-3593

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Saint Louis, MO who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
71% Aetna
71% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Saint Louis, MO see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Louis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.