Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

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Photo of Kit Lentini, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Kit Lentini
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63139
Throughout our lives, many of us adopt narratives that don’t align with our actual experiences — they may leave out important details about our families or our make-up, the ways we were hurt, or the ways in which we have succeeded. But in all cases, they don’t do justice to the depth of our experiences, and in fact, when we have been abused or mistreated, the very purpose of these false narratives may be to obscure the truth of who we are and what we’ve been through. My greatest hope is that our work together will allow you to come home to yourself as you learn to tell stories that honor the core of who you are.
Throughout our lives, many of us adopt narratives that don’t align with our actual experiences — they may leave out important details about our families or our make-up, the ways we were hurt, or the ways in which we have succeeded. But in all cases, they don’t do justice to the depth of our experiences, and in fact, when we have been abused or mistreated, the very purpose of these false narratives may be to obscure the truth of who we are and what we’ve been through. My greatest hope is that our work together will allow you to come home to yourself as you learn to tell stories that honor the core of who you are.
(314) 788-2805 View (314) 788-2805
Photo of Michael Deal, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Michael Deal
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63117
When working with individuals, I aim to help them through a collaborative process to understand the underlying issues that are causing them to not live up to their potential. The model which I employ assumes that many of our struggles are connected to conflicts within us of which we are not completely aware. I feel that therapy is most effective when the entire person's personality and history are considered instead of just focusing on current problematic behaviors. My work focuses on recognizing long standing relationship patterns that are troublesome as well as developing a more emotionally stable and adaptive personality.
When working with individuals, I aim to help them through a collaborative process to understand the underlying issues that are causing them to not live up to their potential. The model which I employ assumes that many of our struggles are connected to conflicts within us of which we are not completely aware. I feel that therapy is most effective when the entire person's personality and history are considered instead of just focusing on current problematic behaviors. My work focuses on recognizing long standing relationship patterns that are troublesome as well as developing a more emotionally stable and adaptive personality.
(314) 561-7106 View (314) 561-7106
Photo of Rae Larson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Rae Larson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63118  (Online Only)
Cishet society got you down? Feeling that constant pressure to make yourself small. Often caught between crippling anxiety and debilitating depression. Struggling to find spaces where you can be real, maybe even within yourself.
Cishet society got you down? Feeling that constant pressure to make yourself small. Often caught between crippling anxiety and debilitating depression. Struggling to find spaces where you can be real, maybe even within yourself.
(314) 343-0981 View (314) 343-0981
Photo of Abby Claeys, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Abby Claeys
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63109
Not accepting new clients
As a foundation of my clinical work, I believe we are purposeful and intentional beings. We do things because they work (or did work) for us in some way. When these behaviors are no longer working we experience discomfort and stress within ourselves and in our relationships. Often this distress manifests itself in symptoms such as anxiety and depression, or physical health concerns such as headaches, gastrointestinal problems, or pain. Because of this, I acknowledge the importance of addressing each client in a holistic way, honoring the connection between our mind and body.
As a foundation of my clinical work, I believe we are purposeful and intentional beings. We do things because they work (or did work) for us in some way. When these behaviors are no longer working we experience discomfort and stress within ourselves and in our relationships. Often this distress manifests itself in symptoms such as anxiety and depression, or physical health concerns such as headaches, gastrointestinal problems, or pain. Because of this, I acknowledge the importance of addressing each client in a holistic way, honoring the connection between our mind and body.
(314) 326-4834 View (314) 326-4834
Photo of Katie Murphy Hemenway, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Katie Murphy Hemenway
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd, PLPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63104
Throughout our lives, many of us have been urged to mute ourselves, asked not to inconvenience or disrupt the people around us with our needs. We learn to suppress the things about us that challenge others, slowly eroding our connection to ourselves. There are countless reasons it happens: unsafe relationships, social expectations, systemic oppression, grief, life transitions, and so much more. I’ll help you tap into your inner creative resources as you learn to navigate your past, present, and future with authenticity and self-compassion.
Throughout our lives, many of us have been urged to mute ourselves, asked not to inconvenience or disrupt the people around us with our needs. We learn to suppress the things about us that challenge others, slowly eroding our connection to ourselves. There are countless reasons it happens: unsafe relationships, social expectations, systemic oppression, grief, life transitions, and so much more. I’ll help you tap into your inner creative resources as you learn to navigate your past, present, and future with authenticity and self-compassion.
(314) 907-3191 View (314) 907-3191
Photo of Ricky Cooper, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Ricky Cooper
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63116  (Online Only)
Nothing you do seems to help you get out of this. You feel as if you are running in place, repeating yourself. It is time for another cook in the kitchen so to speak. I do not just want to be another person telling you things will be alright or it is fine; just push through. Whether it be depression, anxiety, family adjustment issues, or trauma related issues I am here to help you realize an internal strength you inherently possess.
Nothing you do seems to help you get out of this. You feel as if you are running in place, repeating yourself. It is time for another cook in the kitchen so to speak. I do not just want to be another person telling you things will be alright or it is fine; just push through. Whether it be depression, anxiety, family adjustment issues, or trauma related issues I am here to help you realize an internal strength you inherently possess.
(314) 710-3655 View (314) 710-3655
Photo of Diana Dee-Williams, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Diana Dee-Williams
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63125
Not accepting new clients
My name is Diana Dee-Williams, I am a Licensed professional counselor in the State of MO. My focus is to create a safe sense of comfort for clients to build rapport while helping them solve their life challenges. I am psychotherapist who believes in helping individuals explore their inner thoughts, feelings, behaviors behind their significant life challenges as well help him or her move toward Self-Achievement and Self-Growth. The goal is for the therapist and individuals to work together in maintaining stability with the intentional plan to work through those circumstances and reach a positive balance and purpose in life.
My name is Diana Dee-Williams, I am a Licensed professional counselor in the State of MO. My focus is to create a safe sense of comfort for clients to build rapport while helping them solve their life challenges. I am psychotherapist who believes in helping individuals explore their inner thoughts, feelings, behaviors behind their significant life challenges as well help him or her move toward Self-Achievement and Self-Growth. The goal is for the therapist and individuals to work together in maintaining stability with the intentional plan to work through those circumstances and reach a positive balance and purpose in life.
(314) 408-2838 View (314) 408-2838
Photo of Caroline Crocker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Caroline Crocker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63139  (Online Only)
Life is complicated. Both my professional experiences and my own life experiences have taught me this. Women in particular experience unique challenges in today's world. We are faced with pressure from many sources, both internally and externally. I specialize in working with women of all ages, including teen girls. I offer secure, confidential video sessions so you can participate in therapy from the comfort of your home. As women we are often so busy with other responsibilities, that we put ourselves on the back burner. This is an opportunity to take care of you! You deserve it!
Life is complicated. Both my professional experiences and my own life experiences have taught me this. Women in particular experience unique challenges in today's world. We are faced with pressure from many sources, both internally and externally. I specialize in working with women of all ages, including teen girls. I offer secure, confidential video sessions so you can participate in therapy from the comfort of your home. As women we are often so busy with other responsibilities, that we put ourselves on the back burner. This is an opportunity to take care of you! You deserve it!
(314) 528-9643 View (314) 528-9643
Photo of John Hart, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
John Hart
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63105
I have over 20 years of experience working in a therapeutic setting. My approach places a central focus on development of a strong therapeutic relationship and creating a space where one can explore personal issues. Symptoms are often what bring people to seek therapy. I see a symptom as a means for understanding the underlying issues that cause them. I have experience working with adults and adolescents (ages 13 and older). In support of working with adolescents, I also work with parents in a parallel manner.
I have over 20 years of experience working in a therapeutic setting. My approach places a central focus on development of a strong therapeutic relationship and creating a space where one can explore personal issues. Symptoms are often what bring people to seek therapy. I see a symptom as a means for understanding the underlying issues that cause them. I have experience working with adults and adolescents (ages 13 and older). In support of working with adolescents, I also work with parents in a parallel manner.
(314) 488-2156 View (314) 488-2156
Photo of Alicia Cunningham, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Alicia Cunningham
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63105  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
First things first..... You are not "broken". Everyone is worthy of having a joyful, satisfying life but sometimes we need help. Its ok. I would be honored to work with you and help you reconnect with yourself and gain control over your life.
First things first..... You are not "broken". Everyone is worthy of having a joyful, satisfying life but sometimes we need help. Its ok. I would be honored to work with you and help you reconnect with yourself and gain control over your life.
(314) 325-0926 View (314) 325-0926
Photo of Rhoda M Stuart, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Rhoda M Stuart
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, LPC, CCATP
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63121
Not accepting new clients
Helloooooooo! How are you doing? Life, people, stuff and things have you in a head space where you really need to talk? Listened to? Not judged? Supported? Receive life management tools? Let's do that!
Helloooooooo! How are you doing? Life, people, stuff and things have you in a head space where you really need to talk? Listened to? Not judged? Supported? Receive life management tools? Let's do that!
(314) 470-9223 View (314) 470-9223
Photo of Lauren Bialecki, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Lauren Bialecki
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63119
I work with individuals, couples, and families who are navigating a variety of life’s challenges. My approach to therapy is strength-based and collaborative. I believe that people inherently have the resources inside of them that they need to create the kind of life that they want. My role is to help people implement strategies to access and further develop those resources. I use evidence-based practices and my clinical training to help my clients lead lives where they feel healthier and more connected to themselves and their loved ones. I see psychotherapy as an avenue to pursue personal growth, empowerment, and positive change.
I work with individuals, couples, and families who are navigating a variety of life’s challenges. My approach to therapy is strength-based and collaborative. I believe that people inherently have the resources inside of them that they need to create the kind of life that they want. My role is to help people implement strategies to access and further develop those resources. I use evidence-based practices and my clinical training to help my clients lead lives where they feel healthier and more connected to themselves and their loved ones. I see psychotherapy as an avenue to pursue personal growth, empowerment, and positive change.
(314) 714-4257 View (314) 714-4257
Photo of Courtney Kempker, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Courtney Kempker
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108  (Online Only)
Do you have struggles in relationships or have a trauma history that is still impacting you? I can help you to break out of unhealthy patterns and cope and integrate negative experiences in positive ways. I can help clients to have healthier relationships, a stronger sense of self, better ways to cope with and manage symptoms, and to resolve unprocessed trauma. Achieving these goals means experiencing a higher quality of life. My ideal client is also able to be open minded in exploring their emotions in psychosomatic ways through interventions like brain spotting.
Do you have struggles in relationships or have a trauma history that is still impacting you? I can help you to break out of unhealthy patterns and cope and integrate negative experiences in positive ways. I can help clients to have healthier relationships, a stronger sense of self, better ways to cope with and manage symptoms, and to resolve unprocessed trauma. Achieving these goals means experiencing a higher quality of life. My ideal client is also able to be open minded in exploring their emotions in psychosomatic ways through interventions like brain spotting.
(314) 834-6372 View (314) 834-6372
Photo of Herzog-Borowiak Counseling LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Herzog-Borowiak Counseling LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NAMP, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63141
Congratulations you took the first step in becoming a healthier you.! I have a personal mission of helping people reach their highest potential! I am an experienced therapist, educator, counselor, school psychologist, and advocate with 30+ years experience in the helping field. My counseling services are provided to children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families across a wide spectrum of issues. I will support you as you process feelings, face difficult decisions, talk through available options, strengthen your current relationships, learn cognitive behavioral techniques and develop coping strategies! Through this process you will learn ways to reach your highest potential.
Congratulations you took the first step in becoming a healthier you.! I have a personal mission of helping people reach their highest potential! I am an experienced therapist, educator, counselor, school psychologist, and advocate with 30+ years experience in the helping field. My counseling services are provided to children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families across a wide spectrum of issues. I will support you as you process feelings, face difficult decisions, talk through available options, strengthen your current relationships, learn cognitive behavioral techniques and develop coping strategies! Through this process you will learn ways to reach your highest potential.
(314) 736-3716 View (314) 736-3716
Photo of Laura Kern, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Laura Kern
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63122
Laura's counseling style is tailored to each client's individual place of need. Laura believes the therapeutic alliance promotes healing by creating a safe relational environment of trust, validation, collaboration, compassion, empathy, and encouragement. Laura works with high school adolescents, college students, and adults, providing individual, couples, and family counseling. She treats issues related to trauma, anxiety, depression, women's health, chronic illness/injury, breast cancer support, academic & career challenges, and navigating relationship issues.
Laura's counseling style is tailored to each client's individual place of need. Laura believes the therapeutic alliance promotes healing by creating a safe relational environment of trust, validation, collaboration, compassion, empathy, and encouragement. Laura works with high school adolescents, college students, and adults, providing individual, couples, and family counseling. She treats issues related to trauma, anxiety, depression, women's health, chronic illness/injury, breast cancer support, academic & career challenges, and navigating relationship issues.
(314) 887-7896 View (314) 887-7896
Photo of Dana Boyland, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Dana Boyland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63132
Accepting New Clients! - As an older adult you know that life has a way of throwing you curve balls in way of events or circumstances that make you anxious and may weigh you down emotionally. Do you have a new medical diagnosis? A life-limiting disease or illness? Have physical challenges affected your most important relationships? Did retirement not turn out the way you'd expected? Are you experiencing loss of independence, even loss of control if others are making decisions for you and you're not ready. You may be thinking, “This is unfair, life was not supposed to turn out this way.” Aging is not for the faint of heart!
Accepting New Clients! - As an older adult you know that life has a way of throwing you curve balls in way of events or circumstances that make you anxious and may weigh you down emotionally. Do you have a new medical diagnosis? A life-limiting disease or illness? Have physical challenges affected your most important relationships? Did retirement not turn out the way you'd expected? Are you experiencing loss of independence, even loss of control if others are making decisions for you and you're not ready. You may be thinking, “This is unfair, life was not supposed to turn out this way.” Aging is not for the faint of heart!
(314) 701-7496 View (314) 701-7496
Photo of Trecia K Davis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Trecia K Davis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108
Not accepting new clients
You are tired of fighting, having to explain yourself, being disappointed, and grieving the life you planned as a child. Parenting is one of the HARDEST and most fulfilling experiences that one can have in this lifetime, but it can sometimes feel like a constant battle. If you toss in co-parenting with an ex-partner, trying to integrate a new partner into your "ready-made" family, and/or being a caregiver to a family member due to unfavorable circumstances, things get a lot more complicated. Being the child in these situations, can be even harder to navigate because everything can feel so unstable. All of it feels exhausting!
You are tired of fighting, having to explain yourself, being disappointed, and grieving the life you planned as a child. Parenting is one of the HARDEST and most fulfilling experiences that one can have in this lifetime, but it can sometimes feel like a constant battle. If you toss in co-parenting with an ex-partner, trying to integrate a new partner into your "ready-made" family, and/or being a caregiver to a family member due to unfavorable circumstances, things get a lot more complicated. Being the child in these situations, can be even harder to navigate because everything can feel so unstable. All of it feels exhausting!
(314) 309-3367 View (314) 309-3367
Photo of Paul Lehmann, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Paul Lehmann
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63127
As a therapist, I have a warm and compassionate approach to help guide you through the therapy process. I work collaboratively with clients to understand their life circumstances and help them overcome obstacles to their problems. I have an innate ability to tune into the nuances of my clients that I continue to refine through years in practice. This helps clients feel more understood and compassionate towards themselves and their feelings. When one is compassionately present with their feelings they start to have clarity as they access their core inner wisdom. This clarity and wisdom helps them to successfully identify what works best for them.
As a therapist, I have a warm and compassionate approach to help guide you through the therapy process. I work collaboratively with clients to understand their life circumstances and help them overcome obstacles to their problems. I have an innate ability to tune into the nuances of my clients that I continue to refine through years in practice. This helps clients feel more understood and compassionate towards themselves and their feelings. When one is compassionately present with their feelings they start to have clarity as they access their core inner wisdom. This clarity and wisdom helps them to successfully identify what works best for them.
(314) 858-5600 View (314) 858-5600
Photo of Taylore Qaoud @ Deep Roots Counseling, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Taylore Qaoud @ Deep Roots Counseling, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63118  (Online Only)
Hi, I’m Taylore and I’m so glad you found your way here. I specialize in partnering with women who struggle with emotional turmoil, difficulty coping with daily life, stressful relationships & self criticism. I have extensive experience in working with others to improve relationships with their self and others, cope more effectively, experience inner peace, & work towards the life that they want.
Hi, I’m Taylore and I’m so glad you found your way here. I specialize in partnering with women who struggle with emotional turmoil, difficulty coping with daily life, stressful relationships & self criticism. I have extensive experience in working with others to improve relationships with their self and others, cope more effectively, experience inner peace, & work towards the life that they want.
(314) 325-4969 View (314) 325-4969
Photo of Nicole Neace, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Nicole Neace
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63139  (Online Only)
It is never too late to begin deep and meaningful work reimagining how traumas or other experiences can become integrated, meaningful parts of our lives and ourselves, rather than barriers or obstacles. The key to this important work is the recognition that your story and has deep and significant meaning.  No detail is ultimately insignificant, if we can but muster the courage, patience, and presence required.  I will help you!  I am so eager to understand and explore with you, and help create a safe space that ultimately facilitates not just growth and transition, but true healing and transformation.
It is never too late to begin deep and meaningful work reimagining how traumas or other experiences can become integrated, meaningful parts of our lives and ourselves, rather than barriers or obstacles. The key to this important work is the recognition that your story and has deep and significant meaning.  No detail is ultimately insignificant, if we can but muster the courage, patience, and presence required.  I will help you!  I am so eager to understand and explore with you, and help create a safe space that ultimately facilitates not just growth and transition, but true healing and transformation.
(314) 370-1039 View (314) 370-1039

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Saint Louis, MO who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
71% Aetna
71% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Saint Louis, MO see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Louis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.