Therapists in Redwood City, CA

Photo of Stephanie Lim, Psychologist in Redwood City, CA
Stephanie Lim
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Redwood City, CA 94063
In our day to day lives, it can be difficult to notice when changes occur until we aren't able to do the things we used to be able to do with relative ease. Similarly, we don't always notice a shift in our mood and how that shift may be affecting our overall well-being. The cause for these changes can be various stressors in our lives. With psychotherapy, we can begin to understand how these factors are impacting you and can we can help you better manage.
In our day to day lives, it can be difficult to notice when changes occur until we aren't able to do the things we used to be able to do with relative ease. Similarly, we don't always notice a shift in our mood and how that shift may be affecting our overall well-being. The cause for these changes can be various stressors in our lives. With psychotherapy, we can begin to understand how these factors are impacting you and can we can help you better manage.
(650) 822-0786 View (650) 822-0786
Photo of Karen Lau, Psychologist in Redwood City, CA
Karen Lau
Psychologist, PhD, ABPP-CN
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Redwood City, CA 94061
Dr. Lau specializes in providing comprehensive psychological and neuropsychological evaluations to adolescents and adults. She provides diagnostic clarification and treatment recommendations for a number of neuropsychological diagnoses, including ADHD, learning disabilities, autism spectrum disorders, neurocognitive disorders, and emotional conditions. If you have experienced memory loss, attentional difficulties, social differences, or academic struggles, you've found the right place.
Dr. Lau specializes in providing comprehensive psychological and neuropsychological evaluations to adolescents and adults. She provides diagnostic clarification and treatment recommendations for a number of neuropsychological diagnoses, including ADHD, learning disabilities, autism spectrum disorders, neurocognitive disorders, and emotional conditions. If you have experienced memory loss, attentional difficulties, social differences, or academic struggles, you've found the right place.
(650) 910-2070 View (650) 910-2070
Photo of Maya Rufino, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Redwood City, CA
Maya Rufino
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Redwood City, CA 94063  (Online Only)
I believe therapy should be more than just talk. We all get stuck sometimes, and we all know how rough it is! Just because you're stuck in your head or stuck in the past or stuck in a job/relationship/-insert shitty quagmire here- , doesn't mean you have to be stuck talking about it forever in therapy. I help stuck people get moving.
I believe therapy should be more than just talk. We all get stuck sometimes, and we all know how rough it is! Just because you're stuck in your head or stuck in the past or stuck in a job/relationship/-insert shitty quagmire here- , doesn't mean you have to be stuck talking about it forever in therapy. I help stuck people get moving.
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Photo of Mary F Reed, Marriage & Family Therapist in Redwood City, CA
Mary F Reed
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Redwood City, CA 94063
I focus on both healing AND growth for people with depression, anxiety, traumatic histories, as well as interpersonal, professional, and familial and spiritual challenges. I treat individual adults, couples, and families. I work from a strengths-based position, seeing each person's uniqueness and facilitating each person's innate ability to heal and grow. I bring an engaged and compassionate presence to each client. My varied and focused experiences and training uniquely position me to understand, connect with, and provide skilled counseling to a wide range of clientele
I focus on both healing AND growth for people with depression, anxiety, traumatic histories, as well as interpersonal, professional, and familial and spiritual challenges. I treat individual adults, couples, and families. I work from a strengths-based position, seeing each person's uniqueness and facilitating each person's innate ability to heal and grow. I bring an engaged and compassionate presence to each client. My varied and focused experiences and training uniquely position me to understand, connect with, and provide skilled counseling to a wide range of clientele
(650) 730-2829 View (650) 730-2829
Photo of Pembe Ethem, Psychologist in Redwood City, CA
Pembe Ethem
Psychologist, MA, PsyD
Verified Verified
Redwood City, CA 94063
You experience this world with your own unique set of problems, perspectives, and ways of coping. Not everyone might understand how hard it can be to move through life with added challenges that result from anxiety, depression, or difficult life circumstances. My passion is to help you re-learn how to experience the beauty of life. My approach is to help you find ways of reaching your goals through careful rewiring of your cognitive structures, while embracing your wisdom and life experiences. Therapy can sometimes feel painful or uncomfortable, but I intend to guide you through it with unconditional warmth and support.
You experience this world with your own unique set of problems, perspectives, and ways of coping. Not everyone might understand how hard it can be to move through life with added challenges that result from anxiety, depression, or difficult life circumstances. My passion is to help you re-learn how to experience the beauty of life. My approach is to help you find ways of reaching your goals through careful rewiring of your cognitive structures, while embracing your wisdom and life experiences. Therapy can sometimes feel painful or uncomfortable, but I intend to guide you through it with unconditional warmth and support.
(650) 977-3162 View (650) 977-3162
Photo of Robert Enoch, Psychologist in Redwood City, CA
Robert Enoch
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Redwood City, CA 94063  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
As humans we have an immense power in our ability to gain insight into our own thoughts, feelings, and actions. However, we often get so caught up in our everyday activities that we are unable to fully understand what is happening on an intrapersonal level. Psychotherapy provides the opportunity to gain this insight, and make changes based upon what we learn, using effective strategies that have emerged from decades of research.
As humans we have an immense power in our ability to gain insight into our own thoughts, feelings, and actions. However, we often get so caught up in our everyday activities that we are unable to fully understand what is happening on an intrapersonal level. Psychotherapy provides the opportunity to gain this insight, and make changes based upon what we learn, using effective strategies that have emerged from decades of research.
(408) 628-1569 View (408) 628-1569
Photo of Lori J. Collins, M.S., MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Redwood City, CA
Lori J. Collins, M.S., MFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
Redwood City, CA 94063
Concerned or Conflicted? We are having problems communicating, and we keep going around and around in the same old arguements. Can you help? I've lost that loving feeling, can I get it back? I'm not sure what to do because our relationship is in a rut. My partner and I are so busy with the kids, work, and life that I/we forgot about our relationship and are unsure how to reconnect? I've felt so disconnected and lonely that I sought out an affair, and now want help sorting through the guilt and confusion.
Concerned or Conflicted? We are having problems communicating, and we keep going around and around in the same old arguements. Can you help? I've lost that loving feeling, can I get it back? I'm not sure what to do because our relationship is in a rut. My partner and I are so busy with the kids, work, and life that I/we forgot about our relationship and are unsure how to reconnect? I've felt so disconnected and lonely that I sought out an affair, and now want help sorting through the guilt and confusion.
(650) 826-3012 View (650) 826-3012
Photo of Sarah Rose Nagle, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Redwood City, CA
Sarah Rose Nagle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Redwood City, CA 94065  (Online Only)
With 22 years of experience of working with family upheaval, foster care and physical and sexual abuse, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and domestic violence, I enjoy being present for those working on the above issues. Issues of loss and grief, parenting skills or a new life direction. In recent years, I have come to love working with families and siblings of children diagnosed with Autism. Many times these family members are left with no support in the day in and day out living with a child or sibling with Autism. Chronic pain is also a major interest of mine.
With 22 years of experience of working with family upheaval, foster care and physical and sexual abuse, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and domestic violence, I enjoy being present for those working on the above issues. Issues of loss and grief, parenting skills or a new life direction. In recent years, I have come to love working with families and siblings of children diagnosed with Autism. Many times these family members are left with no support in the day in and day out living with a child or sibling with Autism. Chronic pain is also a major interest of mine.
(650) 209-7692 View (650) 209-7692
Photo of Michael Miyasato, Psychologist in Redwood City, CA
Michael Miyasato
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Redwood City, CA 94063
We live in a culture that is constantly pushing us to strive for perfection. Whether in school, work, or our everyday lives, the need to constantly achieve can put great strain on our self and those we care about. This can lead to chronic depression or anxiety, social isolation, feelings of inadequacy, or even thoughts of suicide. Through compassionate acceptance and practical skill building I can help. Whether you're seeking to improve your day to day functioning or understand your identity and purpose, I can help you move forward.
We live in a culture that is constantly pushing us to strive for perfection. Whether in school, work, or our everyday lives, the need to constantly achieve can put great strain on our self and those we care about. This can lead to chronic depression or anxiety, social isolation, feelings of inadequacy, or even thoughts of suicide. Through compassionate acceptance and practical skill building I can help. Whether you're seeking to improve your day to day functioning or understand your identity and purpose, I can help you move forward.
(510) 756-4564 View (510) 756-4564
Photo of Lucia T Hollowell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Redwood City, CA
Lucia T Hollowell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, APHSW-C
Verified Verified
Redwood City, CA 94061  (Online Only)
A serious illness diagnosis can feel like an unexpected, dizzying blow. It can affect all aspects of your life - from your relationships and spirituality, to your very sense of self. I help individuals and their family members facing serious illness (chronic, terminal, and new diagnosis) cope with the challenges of grief/loss, caregiving, and life transitions so they may find peace and healing in their lives.
A serious illness diagnosis can feel like an unexpected, dizzying blow. It can affect all aspects of your life - from your relationships and spirituality, to your very sense of self. I help individuals and their family members facing serious illness (chronic, terminal, and new diagnosis) cope with the challenges of grief/loss, caregiving, and life transitions so they may find peace and healing in their lives.
(650) 749-1862 View (650) 749-1862
Photo of Salima Alim, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Redwood City, CA
Salima Alim
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Redwood City, CA 94061
I hope this message finds you in a moment of peace amidst the challenges you may be facing. As your therapist, with a background in trauma, working with children, adolescents, and adults, I want to take a moment to acknowledge the bravery and strength it takes to confront the difficulties you are experiencing. I understand that navigating through life challenges and trauma can feel like an overwhelming journey, especially for young minds. However, please know that you are not alone in this process. Together, we will work through the pain, unpack the emotions, and pave the path towards healing and resilience.
I hope this message finds you in a moment of peace amidst the challenges you may be facing. As your therapist, with a background in trauma, working with children, adolescents, and adults, I want to take a moment to acknowledge the bravery and strength it takes to confront the difficulties you are experiencing. I understand that navigating through life challenges and trauma can feel like an overwhelming journey, especially for young minds. However, please know that you are not alone in this process. Together, we will work through the pain, unpack the emotions, and pave the path towards healing and resilience.
(650) 670-4436 View (650) 670-4436
Photo of Nicole Schumacher, Pre-Licensed Professional in Redwood City, CA
Nicole Schumacher
Pre-Licensed Professional, APCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Redwood City, CA 94062  (Online Only)
Hi, I'm Nicole. If you’ve found yourself here, maybe you're feeling stuck, lost, or unsure a about who you are and what you want. Perhaps you're searching for clarity, understanding, or another way to hold big feelings. Feeling uncertain in an uncertain world makes so much sense, and I'm here to help you reconnect with the inner strength and wisdom that can help you navigate it. I offer an integrative therapeutic approach that meets you where you're at. My practice is intersectional, trauma-informed, and evidence-based, and centered on you.
Hi, I'm Nicole. If you’ve found yourself here, maybe you're feeling stuck, lost, or unsure a about who you are and what you want. Perhaps you're searching for clarity, understanding, or another way to hold big feelings. Feeling uncertain in an uncertain world makes so much sense, and I'm here to help you reconnect with the inner strength and wisdom that can help you navigate it. I offer an integrative therapeutic approach that meets you where you're at. My practice is intersectional, trauma-informed, and evidence-based, and centered on you.
(650) 206-9125 View (650) 206-9125
Photo of Lindsay Rae Trent, Psychologist in Redwood City, CA
Lindsay Rae Trent
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Redwood City, CA 94063
If you are looking for a data-driven, science-based approach to treatment then you should contact Dr. Trent for a free phone consultation. Dr. Trent specializes in evidence-based approaches to identification (i.e., psychodiagnostic assessment) and treatment of anxiety disorders, OCD, and behavioral issues. Dr. Trent is a Stanford-trained scientist who maintains active involvement in efforts to disseminate scientific approaches to psychological treatment.
If you are looking for a data-driven, science-based approach to treatment then you should contact Dr. Trent for a free phone consultation. Dr. Trent specializes in evidence-based approaches to identification (i.e., psychodiagnostic assessment) and treatment of anxiety disorders, OCD, and behavioral issues. Dr. Trent is a Stanford-trained scientist who maintains active involvement in efforts to disseminate scientific approaches to psychological treatment.
(650) 480-3590 View (650) 480-3590
Photo of Courtney Meiers in Redwood City, CA
Courtney Meiers
MS, LEP, EdS
Verified Verified
Redwood City, CA 94065  (Online Only)
My clientele is ready and willing for change. Working together, we move through the stuckness, mud, or whatever is holding one back from their highest dream or just the ability to feel safe again. They want to climb out of their dark hole, but need a rope; I am here to offer that rope. With my teenage/pre-teen clients, the need is to improve their sense of adequacy or self-esteem, free themselves from anxiety or depression, and rebuild their relationship with a parent figure whether it be due to divorce or due to conflict. My clients like my out-of-the box techniques and strategies that motivate and create forward movement.
My clientele is ready and willing for change. Working together, we move through the stuckness, mud, or whatever is holding one back from their highest dream or just the ability to feel safe again. They want to climb out of their dark hole, but need a rope; I am here to offer that rope. With my teenage/pre-teen clients, the need is to improve their sense of adequacy or self-esteem, free themselves from anxiety or depression, and rebuild their relationship with a parent figure whether it be due to divorce or due to conflict. My clients like my out-of-the box techniques and strategies that motivate and create forward movement.
(650) 582-3353 View (650) 582-3353
Photo of Christina Lansdown, Marriage & Family Therapist in Redwood City, CA
Christina Lansdown
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Redwood City, CA 94063
Thank you for viewing my page! Therapy with me is relational, dynamic, reflective and responsive. You can expect to be challenged, in a warm and supportive environment. Curiosity about relationships and how family history gets carried forward into the present guides my work with children & adults of all ages. I've worked with clients aged 0-101 with an emphasis on connection, authenticity, and mindful self-awareness to overcome a variety of conditions, including low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, trauma, grief, phase-of-life and relationship problems. As a Somatic psychotherapist, I also utilize body-based techniques like mindfulness & movement.
Thank you for viewing my page! Therapy with me is relational, dynamic, reflective and responsive. You can expect to be challenged, in a warm and supportive environment. Curiosity about relationships and how family history gets carried forward into the present guides my work with children & adults of all ages. I've worked with clients aged 0-101 with an emphasis on connection, authenticity, and mindful self-awareness to overcome a variety of conditions, including low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, trauma, grief, phase-of-life and relationship problems. As a Somatic psychotherapist, I also utilize body-based techniques like mindfulness & movement.
(650) 900-8606 View (650) 900-8606
Photo of Erika Garcia Rangel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Redwood City, CA
Erika Garcia Rangel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Redwood City, CA 94063
Finding a therapist you trust is a challenge and scheduling your first session takes courage. You’ve taken the first step toward healing and personal growth. I’m offering you a safe, nurturing and accepting place to freely express your feelings, thoughts and experiences. My vocation is to guide and support individuals like yourself to better understand themselves at a deeper level through the transformative power of compassion and empathy. With commitment to therapy, we will explore your relationship with yourself and your relationships with others, addressing behavioral and emotional issues that are potentially holding you back.
Finding a therapist you trust is a challenge and scheduling your first session takes courage. You’ve taken the first step toward healing and personal growth. I’m offering you a safe, nurturing and accepting place to freely express your feelings, thoughts and experiences. My vocation is to guide and support individuals like yourself to better understand themselves at a deeper level through the transformative power of compassion and empathy. With commitment to therapy, we will explore your relationship with yourself and your relationships with others, addressing behavioral and emotional issues that are potentially holding you back.
(650) 360-9342 View (650) 360-9342
Photo of Marilyn J Foley, Psychologist in Redwood City, CA
Marilyn J Foley
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Redwood City, CA 94063  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
My primary theoretical orientation is Cognitive-Behavioral (CBT). This means that I attend to your thoughts and feelings and to how they influence emotion and overall well-being, now and in the future. CBT offers a number of strategies for promoting change in the direction of one's long term goals. For our treatment to be most effective, you will need to be an active participant and collaborator in establishing your goals. I also ask that you work on treatment in between sessions, and I frequently give homework assignments to assist in the process.
My primary theoretical orientation is Cognitive-Behavioral (CBT). This means that I attend to your thoughts and feelings and to how they influence emotion and overall well-being, now and in the future. CBT offers a number of strategies for promoting change in the direction of one's long term goals. For our treatment to be most effective, you will need to be an active participant and collaborator in establishing your goals. I also ask that you work on treatment in between sessions, and I frequently give homework assignments to assist in the process.
(650) 206-5488 View (650) 206-5488
Photo of April Ellis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Redwood City, CA
April Ellis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, HTR
Verified Verified
Redwood City, CA 94061
Are you ready to reconnect with joy and what makes you feel most like yourself? Perhaps you are dealing with sadness that you just can't shake, worries that are interfering with your life, a big transition in your life, a stressful relationship, or difficult experiences from the past that don't seem to stay in the past. Life can get messy and complicated and the first step in healing is deciding that you want something different and want support to accomplish your goals. You aren't meant to do this alone!
Are you ready to reconnect with joy and what makes you feel most like yourself? Perhaps you are dealing with sadness that you just can't shake, worries that are interfering with your life, a big transition in your life, a stressful relationship, or difficult experiences from the past that don't seem to stay in the past. Life can get messy and complicated and the first step in healing is deciding that you want something different and want support to accomplish your goals. You aren't meant to do this alone!
(650) 456-1030 View (650) 456-1030
Photo of Amanda Gaddis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Redwood City, CA
Amanda Gaddis
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Redwood City, CA 94061
My name is Amanda Gaddis and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I believe in a strength-based approach to solving problems, renewing hope, and building new skills. I believe everyone can benefit from feeling seen, heard, and understood and that finding a therapist you can connect with is an integral part of the therapeutic process. My approach is individualized to the needs of each client. I specialize in attachment-based approaches to support with trauma and complex trauma, as well as relationship difficulties and family conflicts.
My name is Amanda Gaddis and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I believe in a strength-based approach to solving problems, renewing hope, and building new skills. I believe everyone can benefit from feeling seen, heard, and understood and that finding a therapist you can connect with is an integral part of the therapeutic process. My approach is individualized to the needs of each client. I specialize in attachment-based approaches to support with trauma and complex trauma, as well as relationship difficulties and family conflicts.
(650) 643-5719 View (650) 643-5719
Photo of Charles Kenny, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Redwood City, CA
Charles Kenny
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RYT-200
Verified Verified
Redwood City, CA 94062  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My name is Charlie, I am a licensed clinical social worker with a decade of experience in the mental health field in varying settings and diverse populations. I am committed to helping folks find the healing they need. I am a generalist who works with individuals (age 16+) , couples and families.
My name is Charlie, I am a licensed clinical social worker with a decade of experience in the mental health field in varying settings and diverse populations. I am committed to helping folks find the healing they need. I am a generalist who works with individuals (age 16+) , couples and families.
(650) 977-2427 View (650) 977-2427

See more therapy options for Redwood City

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Redwood City, CA

300+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in Redwood City, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
71% Self Esteem
71% Stress
68% Trauma and PTSD
65% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

59% Cigna and Evernorth
54% Aetna
48% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Redwood City, CA see their clients

78% In Person and Online
22% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
18% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Redwood City?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.