Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Jennifer Rafacz, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Jennifer Rafacz
Psychologist, PhD, CST
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60603
My practice is dedicated to couples & individuals in cultivating fulfilling lives & relationships. Clients seek therapy to address depression, anxiety, life transitions, evolving identities, communication issues & enhancing intimacy. My specialization in sex therapy focuses on helping individuals & couples navigating sexual health & functioning, with a particular interest on folks over the age of 40. Clients often seek support for desire discrepancies, communication challenges related to sex, infidelity, arousal/orgasm difficulties, erectile dysfunction, painful intercourse, sexual trauma, and problematic sexual behavior
My practice is dedicated to couples & individuals in cultivating fulfilling lives & relationships. Clients seek therapy to address depression, anxiety, life transitions, evolving identities, communication issues & enhancing intimacy. My specialization in sex therapy focuses on helping individuals & couples navigating sexual health & functioning, with a particular interest on folks over the age of 40. Clients often seek support for desire discrepancies, communication challenges related to sex, infidelity, arousal/orgasm difficulties, erectile dysfunction, painful intercourse, sexual trauma, and problematic sexual behavior
(312) 313-9257 x826 View (312) 313-9257 x826
Photo of Jenna Elizabeth White, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Jenna Elizabeth White
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602
Not accepting new clients
My clients are very important to me. It is a privilege to accompany people on a journey of self-reflection, vulnerability, and growth. I meet you where you are, say the hard thing (with kindness, humor, empathy, and creativity), and work to understand your complexities and the unique ways you wish to grow. I love working with a wide variety of people, but particularly specialize in the treatment of disordered eating, body image anxieties, sexuality, chronic pain, attachment issues, and addictive/ compulsive behaviors.
My clients are very important to me. It is a privilege to accompany people on a journey of self-reflection, vulnerability, and growth. I meet you where you are, say the hard thing (with kindness, humor, empathy, and creativity), and work to understand your complexities and the unique ways you wish to grow. I love working with a wide variety of people, but particularly specialize in the treatment of disordered eating, body image anxieties, sexuality, chronic pain, attachment issues, and addictive/ compulsive behaviors.
(773) 825-5085 View (773) 825-5085
Photo of Liza Guequierre, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Liza Guequierre
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60602
On the outside you appear calm and steady, on the inside you feel tense and preoccupied, pushing aside your own needs to attend to the issue in front of you. You're high functioning, yet you hold yourself back from fully engaging with others and your own interests. Maybe you don’t even know what you enjoy because you’ve been so focused on prioritizing others. You find yourself going about your routines and trying to feel relief, but your current ways of operating are contributing to a build up of stress. Maybe you’ve limited your world, told yourself what you can and cannot do, and now you’re wondering how much you can change.
On the outside you appear calm and steady, on the inside you feel tense and preoccupied, pushing aside your own needs to attend to the issue in front of you. You're high functioning, yet you hold yourself back from fully engaging with others and your own interests. Maybe you don’t even know what you enjoy because you’ve been so focused on prioritizing others. You find yourself going about your routines and trying to feel relief, but your current ways of operating are contributing to a build up of stress. Maybe you’ve limited your world, told yourself what you can and cannot do, and now you’re wondering how much you can change.
(312) 470-6974 View (312) 470-6974
Photo of Alaina Bercilla, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Alaina Bercilla
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60614
My work as a therapist is guided by the values of authenticity and respect. I offer a safe and supportive environment for self-examination and growth, and work in partnership with you to determine your own unique needs for healing. I have experience supporting clients through life and career transitions, explorations of meaning and purpose, anxiety, depression, decision-making, concerns surrounding chronic illness and/or disability, and issues related to creative work and identity. When appropriate, I incorporate mindfulness and acceptance practices, and work from a trauma-informed lens that includes body-awareness.
My work as a therapist is guided by the values of authenticity and respect. I offer a safe and supportive environment for self-examination and growth, and work in partnership with you to determine your own unique needs for healing. I have experience supporting clients through life and career transitions, explorations of meaning and purpose, anxiety, depression, decision-making, concerns surrounding chronic illness and/or disability, and issues related to creative work and identity. When appropriate, I incorporate mindfulness and acceptance practices, and work from a trauma-informed lens that includes body-awareness.
(773) 281-7200 View (773) 281-7200
Photo of Jacqueline Roig, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Jacqueline Roig
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60611
I enjoy working with clients who want to undertake the often rigorous but ultimately rewarding journey of psychotherapy towards self-evolution. This is through the reflection and interpretation of defenses, -blind spots-, that are obstacles to best living. My strengths are working with people who take responsibility for their lives but are struggling in moving forward due to painful or distressing life situations, whether past or current. My approach offers no magic remedies, but through conversation based on respect and straightforward comments, together we aim to improve your quality of life.
I enjoy working with clients who want to undertake the often rigorous but ultimately rewarding journey of psychotherapy towards self-evolution. This is through the reflection and interpretation of defenses, -blind spots-, that are obstacles to best living. My strengths are working with people who take responsibility for their lives but are struggling in moving forward due to painful or distressing life situations, whether past or current. My approach offers no magic remedies, but through conversation based on respect and straightforward comments, together we aim to improve your quality of life.
(312) 818-5367 View (312) 818-5367
Photo of Riley Brennan, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Chicago, IL
Riley Brennan
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60602
My main priority is to create a strong, safe relationship for you to share and grow. I approach therapy as a collaborative process where you are the expert on your life. I work with families, relationships and individuals with a particular interest in working with teens and parents with children of any age. I am especially interested in addressing teen mood instability, parenting, relationship issues, harm to self or others and gender dynamics.
My main priority is to create a strong, safe relationship for you to share and grow. I approach therapy as a collaborative process where you are the expert on your life. I work with families, relationships and individuals with a particular interest in working with teens and parents with children of any age. I am especially interested in addressing teen mood instability, parenting, relationship issues, harm to self or others and gender dynamics.
(312) 313-7698 x1 View (312) 313-7698 x1
Photo of Ashley Pittman, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Ashley Pittman
Counselor, MA, NCC, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602  (Online Only)
I have experience treating children, adolescents, and adults with diverse backgrounds and a wide range of mental health concerns, including anger issues, anxiety, depression, and substance abuse. My training includes integrative, cognitive-behavioral, and mindfulness approaches to therapy, and I work out of a humanistic and person-centered approach. I possess a strong sense of compassion and commitment to helping people, while also creating a safe space to help people get unstuck.
I have experience treating children, adolescents, and adults with diverse backgrounds and a wide range of mental health concerns, including anger issues, anxiety, depression, and substance abuse. My training includes integrative, cognitive-behavioral, and mindfulness approaches to therapy, and I work out of a humanistic and person-centered approach. I possess a strong sense of compassion and commitment to helping people, while also creating a safe space to help people get unstuck.
(312) 516-2378 View (312) 516-2378
Photo of Matthew Winstanley, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Matthew Winstanley
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60611
My style is open and active in an attempt to meet my client's needs. I believe that successful therapy helps the client find insight into their lives and the competence to improve their functioning. Essentially, I hope that self-awareness leads to healthy changes in various important areas of my client's lives. I also hope to facilitate awareness and use of one's personal strengths - all in a supportive therapeutic atmosphere. Many of my clients seek my assistance with mood problems such as depression, anxiety, and anger. Others look for help in dealing with difficult life transitions.
My style is open and active in an attempt to meet my client's needs. I believe that successful therapy helps the client find insight into their lives and the competence to improve their functioning. Essentially, I hope that self-awareness leads to healthy changes in various important areas of my client's lives. I also hope to facilitate awareness and use of one's personal strengths - all in a supportive therapeutic atmosphere. Many of my clients seek my assistance with mood problems such as depression, anxiety, and anger. Others look for help in dealing with difficult life transitions.
(773) 245-0236 View (773) 245-0236
Photo of Danial Hafiz, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Danial Hafiz
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60626
Pursuing therapy is a courageous step in your healing journey, and you deserve to be heard and empowered throughout the process. I am here to provide you a safe space in which you can be your true self without the fear of being judged. My style of therapy includes being warm, authentic, and nonjudgmental with my clients, allowing them the time and space to express, reflect, and problem solve.
Pursuing therapy is a courageous step in your healing journey, and you deserve to be heard and empowered throughout the process. I am here to provide you a safe space in which you can be your true self without the fear of being judged. My style of therapy includes being warm, authentic, and nonjudgmental with my clients, allowing them the time and space to express, reflect, and problem solve.
(773) 290-1324 View (773) 290-1324
Photo of Becky Beaulieu, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Becky Beaulieu
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60607  (Online Only)
Hi there! I'm Becky. I'm a clinical social worker and I treat eating disorders, OCD, perfectionism, anxiety, and body image concerns. My focus in all the work I do with my clients is to provide a supportive space where you can develop a deeper understanding of yourself and your experiences. I believe we all have natural strengths and my goal is to help you recognize new ways to use your own strengths to overcome the current challenges you are facing.
Hi there! I'm Becky. I'm a clinical social worker and I treat eating disorders, OCD, perfectionism, anxiety, and body image concerns. My focus in all the work I do with my clients is to provide a supportive space where you can develop a deeper understanding of yourself and your experiences. I believe we all have natural strengths and my goal is to help you recognize new ways to use your own strengths to overcome the current challenges you are facing.
(312) 940-2984 View (312) 940-2984
Photo of Shardae Elise Martin, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Shardae Elise Martin
Pre-Licensed Professional, LSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613
I believe that every person should live up to the potential that they see in their vision; not through the lens someone else ascribes to them. For this reason, I approach each therapeutic relationship as being one of a joint partnership. It is a privilege to work alongside individuals who have recognized they no longer have to work through challenges of life alone. I bring over 5 years of experience working with diverse client demographics with variety of concerns including anxiety, self -harming, grief, depression, psychosis, eating disorders and substance use. My approach is trauma informed, with an emphasis on strength based.
I believe that every person should live up to the potential that they see in their vision; not through the lens someone else ascribes to them. For this reason, I approach each therapeutic relationship as being one of a joint partnership. It is a privilege to work alongside individuals who have recognized they no longer have to work through challenges of life alone. I bring over 5 years of experience working with diverse client demographics with variety of concerns including anxiety, self -harming, grief, depression, psychosis, eating disorders and substance use. My approach is trauma informed, with an emphasis on strength based.
(773) 825-3639 View (773) 825-3639
Photo of Greg Crisenbery, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Greg Crisenbery
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613
Hi, I'm Dr. Greg. Helping clients cope with depression, anxiety, trauma, and relationship issues is the focus of my practice. I try to maintain a balanced approach using an individual blend of theory and insight, practical applications, and humor. This can include discussions of physical, emotional, mental, and metaphysical wellbeing. Anger, work stress, frustration, loss, trauma and life's unexpected complications can get in between us and a peaceful experience of living. Assisting people in overcoming these challenges is my life's work. Please reach out to someone if it seems your life is being directed by negative emotions.
Hi, I'm Dr. Greg. Helping clients cope with depression, anxiety, trauma, and relationship issues is the focus of my practice. I try to maintain a balanced approach using an individual blend of theory and insight, practical applications, and humor. This can include discussions of physical, emotional, mental, and metaphysical wellbeing. Anger, work stress, frustration, loss, trauma and life's unexpected complications can get in between us and a peaceful experience of living. Assisting people in overcoming these challenges is my life's work. Please reach out to someone if it seems your life is being directed by negative emotions.
(773) 417-0417 x3 View (773) 417-0417 x3
Photo of Rebecca Slusher, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Rebecca Slusher
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60647  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Accepting new clients for EMDR only. We all need someone to talk to sometimes. You may find yourself faced with difficulties in your relationships, moods, money, work, the troubles in the world, even your sense of who you really are and what you want in your life, and you just can't seem to cope with them on your own. I will provide a safe and judgment-free environment in which to develop a therapeutic relationship focused on your goals and needs. I work from an integrative therapeutic approach and tailor my approach to meet the needs of each client I see.
Accepting new clients for EMDR only. We all need someone to talk to sometimes. You may find yourself faced with difficulties in your relationships, moods, money, work, the troubles in the world, even your sense of who you really are and what you want in your life, and you just can't seem to cope with them on your own. I will provide a safe and judgment-free environment in which to develop a therapeutic relationship focused on your goals and needs. I work from an integrative therapeutic approach and tailor my approach to meet the needs of each client I see.
(773) 432-4351 View (773) 432-4351
Photo of Loren Morris, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Loren Morris
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60602  (Online Only)
If you struggle with anxiety or depression you may have found that the day to day can feel overwhelming. You may have noticed that your sleep is being impacted, patience with others is lessening, staying focused or organized is becoming harder, or you may generally feel tired or restless. Are your thoughts taking over or do you do everything to avoid your thoughts? Maybe you are in a relationship and find communication difficult with arguments that lead into the early morning hours or saying things to hurt one another? Are you reaching out because what you have tried on your own is not providing the change you are seeking?
If you struggle with anxiety or depression you may have found that the day to day can feel overwhelming. You may have noticed that your sleep is being impacted, patience with others is lessening, staying focused or organized is becoming harder, or you may generally feel tired or restless. Are your thoughts taking over or do you do everything to avoid your thoughts? Maybe you are in a relationship and find communication difficult with arguments that lead into the early morning hours or saying things to hurt one another? Are you reaching out because what you have tried on your own is not providing the change you are seeking?
(872) 252-7893 View (872) 252-7893
Photo of Aalanah Peoples, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Aalanah Peoples
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613
My personal approach to treating clients will always be laced with good will, humor, openness, and collaboration. Just as there are a range of people with different personalities and different challenges, there is a range of therapeutic approaches I will utilize that best suits you and your needs. In my experience, therapy is a fresh oasis for you to digest, express, and confront obstacles while enhancing your quality of life. I do not believe that therapy is a one size fits all or linear process. Therapy is a collaborative experience that develops a variety of skills for the client to build fulfillment, confidence, and joy.
My personal approach to treating clients will always be laced with good will, humor, openness, and collaboration. Just as there are a range of people with different personalities and different challenges, there is a range of therapeutic approaches I will utilize that best suits you and your needs. In my experience, therapy is a fresh oasis for you to digest, express, and confront obstacles while enhancing your quality of life. I do not believe that therapy is a one size fits all or linear process. Therapy is a collaborative experience that develops a variety of skills for the client to build fulfillment, confidence, and joy.
(773) 923-3744 View (773) 923-3744
Photo of Cassandra Perez, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Cassandra Perez
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622
I am fluent in Spanish, focusing on client-centered therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, play therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, trauma-focused, narrative therapy, and other evidence-based practices. Obtaining holistic healing for our mental health can be one of the greatest methods of self-care. The integration of faith-based practices with evidence-based therapies is very important to me. I welcome faith to be a part of the client’s healing process, as it can be an important avenue to consider. I aim to help clients gain insights into their emotional world and equip them with coping skills.
I am fluent in Spanish, focusing on client-centered therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, play therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, trauma-focused, narrative therapy, and other evidence-based practices. Obtaining holistic healing for our mental health can be one of the greatest methods of self-care. The integration of faith-based practices with evidence-based therapies is very important to me. I welcome faith to be a part of the client’s healing process, as it can be an important avenue to consider. I aim to help clients gain insights into their emotional world and equip them with coping skills.
(773) 985-8968 View (773) 985-8968
Photo of Stefanie Maxwell, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Stefanie Maxwell
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60618  (Online Only)
I help people who have difficulty managing their feelings, organizing their time, speaking up for themselves, and issues with sleep. Seeking help with these things is not easy, although it is often needed to get past places where you feel stuck. There are ways to learn to cope better and better manage your life. Together, we work to create solutions to make the life you would prefer to live, within a warm supportive atmosphere.
I help people who have difficulty managing their feelings, organizing their time, speaking up for themselves, and issues with sleep. Seeking help with these things is not easy, although it is often needed to get past places where you feel stuck. There are ways to learn to cope better and better manage your life. Together, we work to create solutions to make the life you would prefer to live, within a warm supportive atmosphere.
(773) 770-6798 View (773) 770-6798
Photo of Alexis M. Westbrook, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Alexis M. Westbrook
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60608  (Online Only)
Alexis Westbrook is an African American clinical psychologist who specializes in a trauma-focused approach to treat relational issues. She has over 12 years of experience in helping adults across the lifespan develop healthy coping skills and healing strategies to manage life's difficulties. Her practice is rooted in a collaborative and strength-based approach, focusing on the well-being of her patients.
Alexis Westbrook is an African American clinical psychologist who specializes in a trauma-focused approach to treat relational issues. She has over 12 years of experience in helping adults across the lifespan develop healthy coping skills and healing strategies to manage life's difficulties. Her practice is rooted in a collaborative and strength-based approach, focusing on the well-being of her patients.
(708) 787-8772 View (708) 787-8772
Photo of Isela Carmean-Guzman, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Isela Carmean-Guzman
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60614
I specialize in helping clients identify negative thinking patterns and behaviors, and apply change where change is needed. As a therapist, I help my clients understand that the way we think affects the functioning and quality of life. Through the therapeutic process, I am there to encourage, guide, and to see my clients through their efforts.
I specialize in helping clients identify negative thinking patterns and behaviors, and apply change where change is needed. As a therapist, I help my clients understand that the way we think affects the functioning and quality of life. Through the therapeutic process, I am there to encourage, guide, and to see my clients through their efforts.
(872) 260-6421 View (872) 260-6421
Photo of Lotus Root Counseling , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Lotus Root Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60607  (Online Only)
We're a trauma-informed, culturally-sensitive mental health counseling group for multicultural, Asian, BIPOC, immigrants, LGBTQIA+, and other marginalized communities. We're passionate about working with individuals, couples and families from different cultural backgrounds, exploring how complex identities and unique personal experiences have shaped us into who we are. We specialize in healing from anxiety, complex trauma, relationship issues, perinatal issues, ADHD, adoption, OCD, stress, cultural identity, cultural/intergenerational conflicts, family conflicts, grief, and other issues.
We're a trauma-informed, culturally-sensitive mental health counseling group for multicultural, Asian, BIPOC, immigrants, LGBTQIA+, and other marginalized communities. We're passionate about working with individuals, couples and families from different cultural backgrounds, exploring how complex identities and unique personal experiences have shaped us into who we are. We specialize in healing from anxiety, complex trauma, relationship issues, perinatal issues, ADHD, adoption, OCD, stress, cultural identity, cultural/intergenerational conflicts, family conflicts, grief, and other issues.
(773) 364-1625 View (773) 364-1625

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.