Therapists in Saint Charles, IL

Photo of Nancy Kuhn, Marriage & Family Therapist in Saint Charles, IL
Nancy Kuhn
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Charles, IL 60174
Your life does not get better by chance, it gets better by change."- Jim Rohn. People seek counseling when their emotional pain becomes too much to bear on their own and they want to be free of it. How we deal with life's pain defines who we are. While we don't choose to undergo misfortune, we do decide how we react to those events. I have found that negative experiences can also trigger something positive within us. Crisis offers opportunity for change, and pain can be the catalyst for transformation.
Your life does not get better by chance, it gets better by change."- Jim Rohn. People seek counseling when their emotional pain becomes too much to bear on their own and they want to be free of it. How we deal with life's pain defines who we are. While we don't choose to undergo misfortune, we do decide how we react to those events. I have found that negative experiences can also trigger something positive within us. Crisis offers opportunity for change, and pain can be the catalyst for transformation.
(630) 473-3469 View (630) 473-3469
Photo of Elizabeth Bremner, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Charles, IL
Elizabeth Bremner
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC , Type 73
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Charles, IL 60174
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor committed to treating adolescents, individuals, couples, and families. I have experience in various settings within the community and in schools. My clinical interests include working with clients struggling with anxiety, depression, ADHD, behavioral issues, autoimmune diseases, trauma, family issues, grief, and adjustment/life changes. I truly enjoy helping others while using strength-based approaches and integrating various treatment therapies to best meet the needs and goals of my Clients.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor committed to treating adolescents, individuals, couples, and families. I have experience in various settings within the community and in schools. My clinical interests include working with clients struggling with anxiety, depression, ADHD, behavioral issues, autoimmune diseases, trauma, family issues, grief, and adjustment/life changes. I truly enjoy helping others while using strength-based approaches and integrating various treatment therapies to best meet the needs and goals of my Clients.
(630) 757-8268 View (630) 757-8268
Photo of Sarah Blomquist, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Charles, IL
Sarah Blomquist
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, IL 60175
Sarah has extensive experience treating binge eating/disordered eating, addiction, anxiety, depression and PTSD. Sarah's biggest passion is helping client's affected by narcissism in childhood or in adult relationships that involve gas lighting, scapegoating or avoidant patterns of the narcissist's enabler that keep an individual stuck or apologizing for reasons thought to be out of one's control. Sarah is focused on those who are motivated for change by teaching the importance of boundaries w/out guilt and refocusing on items such as lifestyle choices, expectations, non negotiables and consequences.
Sarah has extensive experience treating binge eating/disordered eating, addiction, anxiety, depression and PTSD. Sarah's biggest passion is helping client's affected by narcissism in childhood or in adult relationships that involve gas lighting, scapegoating or avoidant patterns of the narcissist's enabler that keep an individual stuck or apologizing for reasons thought to be out of one's control. Sarah is focused on those who are motivated for change by teaching the importance of boundaries w/out guilt and refocusing on items such as lifestyle choices, expectations, non negotiables and consequences.
(630) 409-4275 View (630) 409-4275
Photo of Dr. Nicole Maronde, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Charles, IL
Dr. Nicole Maronde
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, DSW
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, IL 60174  (Online Only)
I emphasize guidance over control, utilizing therapeutic techniques to foster healing and self-discovery. I encourage individuals to unearth insights themselves, with humor and perspective easing the journey. Central to this approach is empowering self-determination, viewing the speaker as a fellow traveler, journeying alongside with empathy and solidarity.
I emphasize guidance over control, utilizing therapeutic techniques to foster healing and self-discovery. I encourage individuals to unearth insights themselves, with humor and perspective easing the journey. Central to this approach is empowering self-determination, viewing the speaker as a fellow traveler, journeying alongside with empathy and solidarity.
(331) 246-0194 View (331) 246-0194
Photo of Evelyn Humphries, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Charles, IL
Evelyn Humphries
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, IL 60174
As a licensed professional counselor, Evelyn is dedicated to providing compassionate and effective mental health services to her clients. She has a Master of Arts degree in Counseling and Human Services from Roosevelt University that has equipped her with extensive skills in various therapeutic techniques. She also has a Doctorate degree in Educational Leadership. Both of her graduate programs have provided her with the rewarding capability of being able to listen and communicate with her clients with a great sense of empathy. Evelyn has the expertise to help individuals cope with a wide range of mental health challenges.
As a licensed professional counselor, Evelyn is dedicated to providing compassionate and effective mental health services to her clients. She has a Master of Arts degree in Counseling and Human Services from Roosevelt University that has equipped her with extensive skills in various therapeutic techniques. She also has a Doctorate degree in Educational Leadership. Both of her graduate programs have provided her with the rewarding capability of being able to listen and communicate with her clients with a great sense of empathy. Evelyn has the expertise to help individuals cope with a wide range of mental health challenges.
(630) 576-9769 View (630) 576-9769
Photo of Erin Lowry, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Charles, IL
Erin Lowry
Pre-Licensed Professional, BSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Saint Charles, IL 60174
Waitlist for new clients
Quite honestly, life can suck. It can feel like you are carrying the weight of the world and you’ve only had 2 hours of sleep. Therapy is not just solving those immediate problems, but working to create lifelong stability through coping skills and tools. Whether you have relational stress with a loved one, or just general life stress and anxiety, therapy can be a great way to work through all that. I work with clients to create healthy, lifelong coping skills and release unwanted burdens from their lives. I will help you cut out the toxic individuals in your life and build rock-solid boundaries to keep ‘em out.
Quite honestly, life can suck. It can feel like you are carrying the weight of the world and you’ve only had 2 hours of sleep. Therapy is not just solving those immediate problems, but working to create lifelong stability through coping skills and tools. Whether you have relational stress with a loved one, or just general life stress and anxiety, therapy can be a great way to work through all that. I work with clients to create healthy, lifelong coping skills and release unwanted burdens from their lives. I will help you cut out the toxic individuals in your life and build rock-solid boundaries to keep ‘em out.
(630) 354-0327 View (630) 354-0327
Photo of Zachary Devore, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Saint Charles, IL
Zachary Devore
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Charles, IL 60174
I specialize in working with couples navigating their relationships. As well as individuals who have experienced trauma. Helping to give these clients the tools and skills to improve the quality of their lives. I also enjoy working with clients who struggle with anxiety, LGBTQ+ issues, alternative lifestyles, and sexual health problems. Working to help clients find a life that makes them happy and feel content with their lives. Therapy is work and so clients should expect to be given tools and skills to practice.
I specialize in working with couples navigating their relationships. As well as individuals who have experienced trauma. Helping to give these clients the tools and skills to improve the quality of their lives. I also enjoy working with clients who struggle with anxiety, LGBTQ+ issues, alternative lifestyles, and sexual health problems. Working to help clients find a life that makes them happy and feel content with their lives. Therapy is work and so clients should expect to be given tools and skills to practice.
(630) 547-3470 View (630) 547-3470
Photo of Cherry Weber, Psychologist in Saint Charles, IL
Cherry Weber
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, IL 60174
I consider myself to be a professional problem solver. When clients contact my office, I work with them to identify what is causing them distress if they do not already know and help them learn new coping strategies to deal more effectively with problems in the future. I treat each client's problems on an individual basis and believe in treating clients with respect. I know it is difficult to contact a professional with a problem which is causing distress and try to make the process a good experience. It is possible to live a happy life.
I consider myself to be a professional problem solver. When clients contact my office, I work with them to identify what is causing them distress if they do not already know and help them learn new coping strategies to deal more effectively with problems in the future. I treat each client's problems on an individual basis and believe in treating clients with respect. I know it is difficult to contact a professional with a problem which is causing distress and try to make the process a good experience. It is possible to live a happy life.
(630) 743-6501 View (630) 743-6501
Photo of Carol Elendt, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Charles, IL
Carol Elendt
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, MA
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, IL 60175
Waitlist for new clients
It takes courage to begin therapy, and I would be honored to step into this process with you. My desire is to provide empathic therapy for adults, adolescents, and children who are experiencing depression, anxiety, trauma symptoms, or relationship issues. For people experiencing loss, you will find a safe space to grieve. I enjoy working with clients who have diverse beliefs and also offer a Christian perspective for those seeking a faith-focused therapist.
It takes courage to begin therapy, and I would be honored to step into this process with you. My desire is to provide empathic therapy for adults, adolescents, and children who are experiencing depression, anxiety, trauma symptoms, or relationship issues. For people experiencing loss, you will find a safe space to grieve. I enjoy working with clients who have diverse beliefs and also offer a Christian perspective for those seeking a faith-focused therapist.
(630) 592-4866 x206 View (630) 592-4866 x206
Photo of Deanna J Chrones, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Charles, IL
Deanna J Chrones
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, CH
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, IL 60174
BCBS ppo/self-pay. Licensed in IL and FL. Telehealth only. You're a motivated adult or couple dealing with issues of trauma-related anxiety/depression. Maybe things have happened to you; maybe you do things even you don't understand. But there are reasons why. Let's figure it out together, looking at your patterns and attachment styles and resolve it with EMDR and newer techniques, including fast, simple polyvagal exercises that reduce anxiety and depression. You deserve empathy and the innovative techniques, so you can create your own feelings of self-esteem, security and wellness.
BCBS ppo/self-pay. Licensed in IL and FL. Telehealth only. You're a motivated adult or couple dealing with issues of trauma-related anxiety/depression. Maybe things have happened to you; maybe you do things even you don't understand. But there are reasons why. Let's figure it out together, looking at your patterns and attachment styles and resolve it with EMDR and newer techniques, including fast, simple polyvagal exercises that reduce anxiety and depression. You deserve empathy and the innovative techniques, so you can create your own feelings of self-esteem, security and wellness.
(630) 333-4331 View (630) 333-4331
Photo of Nick Costakis, Psychologist in Saint Charles, IL
Nick Costakis
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Charles, IL 60174
Dr. Nick specializes in conducting psychological and neuropsychological testing with children, adolescents, and adults. Conditions commonly assessed include learning disabilities, autism, ADHD, memory impairments including dementia, mood disorders, defiance, and presurgical evaluations. Referrals commonly come from schools, pediatricians, neurologists, psychiatrists, occupational and speech therapy settings, and local counselors, among others.
Dr. Nick specializes in conducting psychological and neuropsychological testing with children, adolescents, and adults. Conditions commonly assessed include learning disabilities, autism, ADHD, memory impairments including dementia, mood disorders, defiance, and presurgical evaluations. Referrals commonly come from schools, pediatricians, neurologists, psychiatrists, occupational and speech therapy settings, and local counselors, among others.
(630) 394-5235 View (630) 394-5235
Photo of Shannon M Underwood, Counselor in Saint Charles, IL
Shannon M Underwood
Counselor, MS, Ed, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Charles, IL 60174
In my practice, I provide individual, family, couples, and group counseling for ages 4-60 years of age. I have high levels of competence ranging from behavioral/conduct issues, adjustment disorders, high functioning Autism, blended family/divorce issues, ADHD, self esteem issues, relational aggression/bullying, anxiety, depression, Bipolar and other mood disorders, personality disorders, substance abuse, marital issues/relational issues, life transition and a myriad of other complex challenges.
In my practice, I provide individual, family, couples, and group counseling for ages 4-60 years of age. I have high levels of competence ranging from behavioral/conduct issues, adjustment disorders, high functioning Autism, blended family/divorce issues, ADHD, self esteem issues, relational aggression/bullying, anxiety, depression, Bipolar and other mood disorders, personality disorders, substance abuse, marital issues/relational issues, life transition and a myriad of other complex challenges.
(630) 504-2363 x103 View (630) 504-2363 x103
Photo of Mindy McGlynn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Charles, IL
Mindy McGlynn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, IL 60174
I believe that therapy is a collaborative venture between therapist and client, working together to help you achieve a life well lived. In our work together I aim to help you connect to your feelings and values, allowing you to be more present in your life. As a certified perinatal mental health clinician I am committed to working with women and men at any point in the parenting journey and the emotional challenges that present along the way.
I believe that therapy is a collaborative venture between therapist and client, working together to help you achieve a life well lived. In our work together I aim to help you connect to your feelings and values, allowing you to be more present in your life. As a certified perinatal mental health clinician I am committed to working with women and men at any point in the parenting journey and the emotional challenges that present along the way.
(630) 528-1253 View (630) 528-1253
Photo of Nanette Thomas Shepardson @ St. Charles Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Charles, IL
Nanette Thomas Shepardson @ St. Charles Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Charles, IL 60174
Is it about not being heard, the inability to say what we really mean, or our failure to listen sufficiently that causes us the most distress in our relationships with others? Some might say it’s a combination of all the above. To be fully heard and listened to, to have the ability to speak our truth without dismissal, is all about feeling understood and accepted by others.
Is it about not being heard, the inability to say what we really mean, or our failure to listen sufficiently that causes us the most distress in our relationships with others? Some might say it’s a combination of all the above. To be fully heard and listened to, to have the ability to speak our truth without dismissal, is all about feeling understood and accepted by others.
(630) 749-9789 View (630) 749-9789
Photo of Anna McCaffrey in Saint Charles, IL
Anna McCaffrey
MSEd, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, IL 60174
When confronted by a triggering event or stuck by life’s challenges, it can be easy to feel consumed by anxiety, depression, or other mental health concerns. However, these challenges also provide you with an opportunity for growth. It takes a lot of courage to recognize your desire to seek change. By joining you where you are on this part of your journey, I will encourage you to become an active participant in your healing process.
When confronted by a triggering event or stuck by life’s challenges, it can be easy to feel consumed by anxiety, depression, or other mental health concerns. However, these challenges also provide you with an opportunity for growth. It takes a lot of courage to recognize your desire to seek change. By joining you where you are on this part of your journey, I will encourage you to become an active participant in your healing process.
(630) 324-4640 View (630) 324-4640
Photo of Christen Eppes, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Charles, IL
Christen Eppes
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, IL 60174
My ideal client is someone navigating life's overwhelming demands, much like I've experienced myself. They might feel misunderstood, struggling to express emotions and communicate their needs effectively. I envision working with individuals or couples facing issues with depression, anxiety, or relationship challenges. They seek guidance to understand themselves better, manage their mental health, and improve communication for a more balanced life. Their goal, much like mine, is to achieve mental and emotional wellness, nurture healthier relationships, and gain empowerment in navigating life's complexities.
My ideal client is someone navigating life's overwhelming demands, much like I've experienced myself. They might feel misunderstood, struggling to express emotions and communicate their needs effectively. I envision working with individuals or couples facing issues with depression, anxiety, or relationship challenges. They seek guidance to understand themselves better, manage their mental health, and improve communication for a more balanced life. Their goal, much like mine, is to achieve mental and emotional wellness, nurture healthier relationships, and gain empowerment in navigating life's complexities.
(630) 793-4510 View (630) 793-4510
Photo of Katherine Schaefer Berg, Ph.D., P.C., Psychologist in Saint Charles, IL
Katherine Schaefer Berg, Ph.D., P.C.
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Saint Charles, IL 60174
Waitlist for new clients
Reaching out for help can be a difficult first step. It takes courage to address challenges in life that seem to keep us stuck. I believe therapy is a process by which one can in a safe and supportive environment face emotional struggles and work toward living a life that is valuable and fulfilling. I work with a variety of concerns including depression, grief and loss, anxiety, self-harm, emotion management, eating disorders, and life transitions such as adjustment to parenthood. I have a unique specialty and interest in treating chronic depression.
Reaching out for help can be a difficult first step. It takes courage to address challenges in life that seem to keep us stuck. I believe therapy is a process by which one can in a safe and supportive environment face emotional struggles and work toward living a life that is valuable and fulfilling. I work with a variety of concerns including depression, grief and loss, anxiety, self-harm, emotion management, eating disorders, and life transitions such as adjustment to parenthood. I have a unique specialty and interest in treating chronic depression.
(630) 518-4204 View (630) 518-4204
Photo of Tetyana Kostyshyna, Psychologist in Saint Charles, IL
Tetyana Kostyshyna
Psychologist, PsyD, MA, LCPC, LSOE, LSOTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Charles, IL 60174
Specialized Forensic Unit PC is a private nongovernmental organization, providing psychological services in IL, FL, and WI. We provide treatment and evaluation services to all age groups.
Specialized Forensic Unit PC is a private nongovernmental organization, providing psychological services in IL, FL, and WI. We provide treatment and evaluation services to all age groups.
(312) 766-7214 x801 View (312) 766-7214 x801
Photo of Jenny Diamond, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Charles, IL
Jenny Diamond
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Charles, IL 60174  (Online Only)
You may be at a point where you have exhausted all of your resources and known means of coping, and are seeking support in a trusting and nonjudgmental environment. Perhaps you're returning to therapy or trying it out for the first time. Either way, I can offer a neutral sounding board for challenges you are facing, and we can work together to develop strategies that work best for you and your experiences. You may also be a parent seeking ways to improve communication with your child/teen and guide them in a world where the influence of peers, social media, and other factors play a huge part in their view and means of coping.
You may be at a point where you have exhausted all of your resources and known means of coping, and are seeking support in a trusting and nonjudgmental environment. Perhaps you're returning to therapy or trying it out for the first time. Either way, I can offer a neutral sounding board for challenges you are facing, and we can work together to develop strategies that work best for you and your experiences. You may also be a parent seeking ways to improve communication with your child/teen and guide them in a world where the influence of peers, social media, and other factors play a huge part in their view and means of coping.
(630) 749-2207 View (630) 749-2207
Photo of Michael Peila, Counselor in Saint Charles, IL
Michael Peila
Counselor, LCPC, NCC, CADC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Saint Charles, IL 60174
The relief you seek is inside of you…let’s find it and make it stronger than the problem! You may be fed up with using/abusing substances to cope with other issues (anxiety, depression, post-trauma, etc), feeling a happier life will always be out of your reach or tired of looking in the mirror and seeing shame, guilt, or discontent. You might not even remember a time things didn’t feel this way. You’re ready to relieve yourself of the control substances seem to have over you . You’re ready to regain the confidence in yourself you once had. Most of all, you’re ready to flourish in life rather than just live (survive).
The relief you seek is inside of you…let’s find it and make it stronger than the problem! You may be fed up with using/abusing substances to cope with other issues (anxiety, depression, post-trauma, etc), feeling a happier life will always be out of your reach or tired of looking in the mirror and seeing shame, guilt, or discontent. You might not even remember a time things didn’t feel this way. You’re ready to relieve yourself of the control substances seem to have over you . You’re ready to regain the confidence in yourself you once had. Most of all, you’re ready to flourish in life rather than just live (survive).
(630) 526-7652 x3009 View (630) 526-7652 x3009

See more therapy options for Saint Charles

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Charles, IL

200+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Saint Charles, IL who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
90% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
71% Coping Skills
70% Trauma and PTSD
64% Grief

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

98% BlueCross and BlueShield
71% Aetna
64% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Saint Charles, IL see their clients

86% In Person and Online
14% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Charles?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.