Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Lindan Lawson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Lindan Lawson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640
Clients come to see me when they’re feeling stuck. Often they’ve been to therapy, they’ve worked hard at trying to feel better, but most days feel like a struggle with painful thoughts and feelings. They find themselves caught in the same unwanted ways of reacting, which hinder them from moving forward. They’re ready for something different. Willpower isn't enough to create lasting change, you need to feel completely supported and have the right strategies. That’s why I aim to make therapy more than just a place to vent - it’s a place to actually help you get unstuck and get back into the flow of life.
Clients come to see me when they’re feeling stuck. Often they’ve been to therapy, they’ve worked hard at trying to feel better, but most days feel like a struggle with painful thoughts and feelings. They find themselves caught in the same unwanted ways of reacting, which hinder them from moving forward. They’re ready for something different. Willpower isn't enough to create lasting change, you need to feel completely supported and have the right strategies. That’s why I aim to make therapy more than just a place to vent - it’s a place to actually help you get unstuck and get back into the flow of life.
(872) 274-4644 View (872) 274-4644
Photo of John Williams, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
John Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60640
My work with clients is focused on providing quick solutions to life's challenges in a supportive, non-judgmental and collaborative atmosphere. I welcome all clients with positive regard to all races, religions, sexual orientation or gender.
My work with clients is focused on providing quick solutions to life's challenges in a supportive, non-judgmental and collaborative atmosphere. I welcome all clients with positive regard to all races, religions, sexual orientation or gender.
(773) 922-6510 View (773) 922-6510
Photo of Alexander Friedman, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Alexander Friedman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60618  (Online Only)
Therapy is a wonderful opportunity to increase self-awareness, understand and improve relationship dynamics, and feel more in control of maladaptive behavioral patterns and stress responses. I enjoy working with individuals experiencing an array of emotional and behavioral concerns. I help clients accurately identify the roots to their challenges, shift to healthier perspectives, and discover realistic, attainable paths to their goals. My approach is grounded in creating an empathic and non-judgmental therapeutic space to help foster insight, feelings of acceptance and validation, and personal growth.
Therapy is a wonderful opportunity to increase self-awareness, understand and improve relationship dynamics, and feel more in control of maladaptive behavioral patterns and stress responses. I enjoy working with individuals experiencing an array of emotional and behavioral concerns. I help clients accurately identify the roots to their challenges, shift to healthier perspectives, and discover realistic, attainable paths to their goals. My approach is grounded in creating an empathic and non-judgmental therapeutic space to help foster insight, feelings of acceptance and validation, and personal growth.
(224) 261-7103 View (224) 261-7103
Photo of Dr. Kristina Sorensen, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Dr. Kristina Sorensen
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60625
Illinois Behavioral Health Group (IBHG) is dedicated to providing compassionate, comprehensive, and personalized care to individuals and families across the lifespan. We emphasize the importance of treating everyone with dignity and respect, regardless of their backgrounds and beliefs. In collaboration with you, our clinicians develop personalized treatment plans to foster lasting behavioral change and help guide you on your journey toward self-fulfillment. We are committed to providing a supportive environment to help you live a more meaningful, happier, and healthier life. I
Illinois Behavioral Health Group (IBHG) is dedicated to providing compassionate, comprehensive, and personalized care to individuals and families across the lifespan. We emphasize the importance of treating everyone with dignity and respect, regardless of their backgrounds and beliefs. In collaboration with you, our clinicians develop personalized treatment plans to foster lasting behavioral change and help guide you on your journey toward self-fulfillment. We are committed to providing a supportive environment to help you live a more meaningful, happier, and healthier life. I
(773) 985-5851 View (773) 985-5851
Photo of Ilinka Novakovic, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Ilinka Novakovic
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601
Psychotherapy has the potential to improve and even transform people's lives. If you're feeling like there's something missing in your life, psychotherapy can help. You deserve support if you’re experiencing anxiety, depression or the lingering effects of trauma and loss. If you're dealing with challenging life transitions or difficult personal and professional relationships, psychotherapy can be a valuable resource to help you navigate and cope more constructively.
Psychotherapy has the potential to improve and even transform people's lives. If you're feeling like there's something missing in your life, psychotherapy can help. You deserve support if you’re experiencing anxiety, depression or the lingering effects of trauma and loss. If you're dealing with challenging life transitions or difficult personal and professional relationships, psychotherapy can be a valuable resource to help you navigate and cope more constructively.
(312) 789-5422 View (312) 789-5422
Photo of Ashley Miller Nolan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chicago, IL
Ashley Miller Nolan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60647  (Online Only)
“Focus attention on the feeling inside you. Know that it is the pain-body. Accept that it is there. Don't think about it - don't let the feeling turn into thinking. Don't judge or analyze. Don't make an identity for yourself out of it. Stay present, and continue to be the observer of what is happening inside you. Become aware not only of the emotional pain but also of "the one who observes," the silent watcher. This is the power of the Now, the power of your own conscious presence. Then see what happens.” ― Eckhart Tolle, The Power of Now. I am honored to join you in Present Space to "see what happens."
“Focus attention on the feeling inside you. Know that it is the pain-body. Accept that it is there. Don't think about it - don't let the feeling turn into thinking. Don't judge or analyze. Don't make an identity for yourself out of it. Stay present, and continue to be the observer of what is happening inside you. Become aware not only of the emotional pain but also of "the one who observes," the silent watcher. This is the power of the Now, the power of your own conscious presence. Then see what happens.” ― Eckhart Tolle, The Power of Now. I am honored to join you in Present Space to "see what happens."
(872) 266-7570 View (872) 266-7570
Photo of Linda Anderson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Linda Anderson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60634
Hello, my name is Linda K. Anderson. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Illinois. I am a native of Tennessee, and I enjoy meeting people. As a therapist I value everyone; I have been in the clinical field for twenty-nine years. I am passionate and a good listener. My scope of practice is Individual therapy primarily with adults and seniors. My community of focus are young adults, adults and seniors. I am comfortable treating symptoms of major depression, generalized anxiety, anger, DMDD and domestic violence.
Hello, my name is Linda K. Anderson. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Illinois. I am a native of Tennessee, and I enjoy meeting people. As a therapist I value everyone; I have been in the clinical field for twenty-nine years. I am passionate and a good listener. My scope of practice is Individual therapy primarily with adults and seniors. My community of focus are young adults, adults and seniors. I am comfortable treating symptoms of major depression, generalized anxiety, anger, DMDD and domestic violence.
(773) 902-0912 View (773) 902-0912
Photo of Alexandra Oeser, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Alexandra Oeser
Pre-Licensed Professional, BFA, MAATC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60602
I am an art therapist and counselor who works with children, adults, older adults and couples. I have experience working with clients to address depression, anxiety, trauma, grief, and loss. I utilize a person-centered and trauma-informed approach, and use Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and art therapy practices.
I am an art therapist and counselor who works with children, adults, older adults and couples. I have experience working with clients to address depression, anxiety, trauma, grief, and loss. I utilize a person-centered and trauma-informed approach, and use Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and art therapy practices.
(773) 825-3747 View (773) 825-3747
Photo of Julia Lopez, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Julia Lopez
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60643
I am a licensed clinical professional counselor in the State of Illinois with 16 years of clinical experience. I use a variety of techniques in therapy and match treatment techniques based on the individual needs of each client. I focus on areas of anxiety, trauma and PTSD, depression, relationship issues, and adolescent/teen issues. I incorporate techniques from Acceptance, Commitment Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, Person-Centered Therapy, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. I enjoy working with people from all walks of life.
I am a licensed clinical professional counselor in the State of Illinois with 16 years of clinical experience. I use a variety of techniques in therapy and match treatment techniques based on the individual needs of each client. I focus on areas of anxiety, trauma and PTSD, depression, relationship issues, and adolescent/teen issues. I incorporate techniques from Acceptance, Commitment Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, Person-Centered Therapy, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. I enjoy working with people from all walks of life.
(309) 271-0387 View (309) 271-0387
Photo of Polina Blinderman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Polina Blinderman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60614
I am a psychotherapist specializing in working with individuals with a history of eating disorders, trauma, anxiety, depression, stressful life transitions, identity development, and difficulties with achieving personal goals. I have particular expertise in treating individuals concerned with eating disorders, having provided leadership and treatment for individuals and their families at all levels of care. I believe in a collaborative, empathic, compassionate, and non-judgmental approach to therapy. I utilize psychodynamic, behavioral, and mindfulness principles to support my clients in reaching their personal goals.
I am a psychotherapist specializing in working with individuals with a history of eating disorders, trauma, anxiety, depression, stressful life transitions, identity development, and difficulties with achieving personal goals. I have particular expertise in treating individuals concerned with eating disorders, having provided leadership and treatment for individuals and their families at all levels of care. I believe in a collaborative, empathic, compassionate, and non-judgmental approach to therapy. I utilize psychodynamic, behavioral, and mindfulness principles to support my clients in reaching their personal goals.
(773) 754-4947 View (773) 754-4947
Photo of Pamela Anne Brand, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chicago, IL
Pamela Anne Brand
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640
My practice involves helping individuals, couples and families identify,and build strengths and resilience, while identifying and shifting issues that constrain the fullest potential of stability, satisfaction and joy. I am collaborative and relational in style. I have experience working with issues including, anxiety, depression, trauma, loss, eating disorder and addictions. My approach involves the provision of support, understanding and encouragement to enhance awareness and success for the creation of meaning and satisfaction. My style is interactive and I offer strategies and feedback to enhance client's achievement of goals.
My practice involves helping individuals, couples and families identify,and build strengths and resilience, while identifying and shifting issues that constrain the fullest potential of stability, satisfaction and joy. I am collaborative and relational in style. I have experience working with issues including, anxiety, depression, trauma, loss, eating disorder and addictions. My approach involves the provision of support, understanding and encouragement to enhance awareness and success for the creation of meaning and satisfaction. My style is interactive and I offer strategies and feedback to enhance client's achievement of goals.
(773) 432-8221 View (773) 432-8221
Photo of Kate Paluszek, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Kate Paluszek
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601
Are you feeling stressed, nervous, or down? Not happy in your relationship? Unsure about making a decision in your life? Looking to start living a more fulfilling and happier life? Psychotherapy can help you to discover your inner strengths and gain insights about yourself that can lead you towards achieving your goals in therapy and beyond.
Are you feeling stressed, nervous, or down? Not happy in your relationship? Unsure about making a decision in your life? Looking to start living a more fulfilling and happier life? Psychotherapy can help you to discover your inner strengths and gain insights about yourself that can lead you towards achieving your goals in therapy and beyond.
(708) 762-1249 View (708) 762-1249
Photo of Eleni Clavijo, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Eleni Clavijo
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, Reiki, Master
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657
What circumstances shifted you into this specific moment in time...to bring this bio into your awareness? Was it the guilt that has consumed you since morning of how you didn’t show up exactly how you envisioned being the best parent...or that you have become conscious to the burden of unrealistic expectations upon self and have decided to courageously dive into the depths of your shadows? Perhaps you have questions about self you never have had before and feeling like no one can relate. All you would like is for someone to hold space while you allow emotions like sadness or anger to flow and feel you are able to cry without shame!
What circumstances shifted you into this specific moment in time...to bring this bio into your awareness? Was it the guilt that has consumed you since morning of how you didn’t show up exactly how you envisioned being the best parent...or that you have become conscious to the burden of unrealistic expectations upon self and have decided to courageously dive into the depths of your shadows? Perhaps you have questions about self you never have had before and feeling like no one can relate. All you would like is for someone to hold space while you allow emotions like sadness or anger to flow and feel you are able to cry without shame!
(872) 241-2564 View (872) 241-2564
Photo of Richard Wendel, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chicago, IL
Richard Wendel
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60614  (Online Only)
As a therapist I try to keep two sides of me fully present in our conversations. The first is who I am as a person, striving to feel what the concerns you bring to me must be like "on the inside." The other side is my commitment to the science of what is helpful to people. Through these inner conversations I strive very hard to help you find the care you need. What sets therapy apart from other conversations is the knowledge and experience we bring to our time together. I strive to do this in a personal way.
As a therapist I try to keep two sides of me fully present in our conversations. The first is who I am as a person, striving to feel what the concerns you bring to me must be like "on the inside." The other side is my commitment to the science of what is helpful to people. Through these inner conversations I strive very hard to help you find the care you need. What sets therapy apart from other conversations is the knowledge and experience we bring to our time together. I strive to do this in a personal way.
(773) 901-1020 View (773) 901-1020
Photo of Nitaya Chawla, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Nitaya Chawla
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613  (Online Only)
Change is never easy,but with the assistance of a therapist, you can start to learn skills to move towards your goals. Some of these skills include effective communication, mindfulness, relaxation, and changing negative thought patterns. In my work with couples, I focus on teaching communication skills and understanding underlying issues that effect the relationship.
Change is never easy,but with the assistance of a therapist, you can start to learn skills to move towards your goals. Some of these skills include effective communication, mindfulness, relaxation, and changing negative thought patterns. In my work with couples, I focus on teaching communication skills and understanding underlying issues that effect the relationship.
(630) 796-0890 View (630) 796-0890
Photo of Alice Bernstein, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Alice Bernstein
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60606
The unique experiences, expectations, and traits of each person require an individualized approach to psychotherapy. As I work with an individual my approach may include elements of modern psychoanalysis, cognitive behavior therapy, family therapy, and client centered counseling. I utilize recent research in neuro-psychology to inform the various theories of psychotherapy. Faculty members, students, and creative individuals, as well as foreign nationals and first and second generation Americans are groups with whom I have significant interest and experience. A special interest of mine is facilitating the growth of individuals who want to change long term problems with self-esteem, interpersonal relationships, anxiety and depression.
The unique experiences, expectations, and traits of each person require an individualized approach to psychotherapy. As I work with an individual my approach may include elements of modern psychoanalysis, cognitive behavior therapy, family therapy, and client centered counseling. I utilize recent research in neuro-psychology to inform the various theories of psychotherapy. Faculty members, students, and creative individuals, as well as foreign nationals and first and second generation Americans are groups with whom I have significant interest and experience. A special interest of mine is facilitating the growth of individuals who want to change long term problems with self-esteem, interpersonal relationships, anxiety and depression.
(773) 417-0616 View (773) 417-0616
Photo of Meg McDuffie, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Meg McDuffie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60608
Licensed Clinical Social Worker who honors and celebrates the uniqueness of your life experiences, stories, and identity. My specialization includes providing support to the queer population, individuals aged 60 and above, those experiencing job burnout, parents, PLWH, adult children of substance users, and creatives.
Licensed Clinical Social Worker who honors and celebrates the uniqueness of your life experiences, stories, and identity. My specialization includes providing support to the queer population, individuals aged 60 and above, those experiencing job burnout, parents, PLWH, adult children of substance users, and creatives.
(872) 484-1945 View (872) 484-1945
Photo of Chelsea Dillavou, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Chelsea Dillavou
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Life is challenging. Nobody rides for free. You’ve been struggling with mood, energy and worry for awhile now (maybe for as long as you can remember). You may have noticed your thinking amplifying your unpleasant emotions and negatively impacting your relationships. Maybe some of your experiences have left you feeling stuck, defeated and unworthy. It can be hard to imagine a life without these things present, but I’m here to tell you that things can change, and you don’t need to go through it alone. With the right skills and support, you can build the life you have always wanted and move through the challenges you have experienced.
Life is challenging. Nobody rides for free. You’ve been struggling with mood, energy and worry for awhile now (maybe for as long as you can remember). You may have noticed your thinking amplifying your unpleasant emotions and negatively impacting your relationships. Maybe some of your experiences have left you feeling stuck, defeated and unworthy. It can be hard to imagine a life without these things present, but I’m here to tell you that things can change, and you don’t need to go through it alone. With the right skills and support, you can build the life you have always wanted and move through the challenges you have experienced.
(872) 401-6160 View (872) 401-6160
Photo of Tytannie Harris, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Tytannie Harris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60653
Tytannie Harris, LCSW is a Clinical Therapist and owner of TMH Behavioral Services, P.C. TMH is comprised of licensed practitioners who are here to guide you through life transitions. TMH is confident in your ability to tap into your inner strength via an environment of compassion and support. We specialize in solution focused and strengths based therapy bringing years of experience working with individuals, couples, seniors, children, adolescents, and families. We are committed to helping you overcome obstacles in your life through transformation of the body, mind and soul. Bilingual therapists available upon request.
Tytannie Harris, LCSW is a Clinical Therapist and owner of TMH Behavioral Services, P.C. TMH is comprised of licensed practitioners who are here to guide you through life transitions. TMH is confident in your ability to tap into your inner strength via an environment of compassion and support. We specialize in solution focused and strengths based therapy bringing years of experience working with individuals, couples, seniors, children, adolescents, and families. We are committed to helping you overcome obstacles in your life through transformation of the body, mind and soul. Bilingual therapists available upon request.
(773) 365-9497 View (773) 365-9497
Francesca Williamson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MS
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60615
Francesca specializes in working with children, adolescents, young adults, and families. They utilize a holistic approach when working with clients, with a focus on the mind-body connection. Francesca uses a cognitive behavioral perspective to help clients and families understand how our thoughts influence our emotions and behaviors. She has a passion for working with clients throughout the lifespan, families, and members of the LGBTQIA+ community.
Francesca specializes in working with children, adolescents, young adults, and families. They utilize a holistic approach when working with clients, with a focus on the mind-body connection. Francesca uses a cognitive behavioral perspective to help clients and families understand how our thoughts influence our emotions and behaviors. She has a passion for working with clients throughout the lifespan, families, and members of the LGBTQIA+ community.
(312) 475-0212 View (312) 475-0212

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.