Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Mariama Brown-Jeters, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Mariama Brown-Jeters
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60618
I completed my masters at Roosevelt University in 2019, majoring in Clinical Psychology. Prior to that, I attended the University of Missouri for my undergraduate studies, where I studied in Psychology, Black Studies & Sociology. Since entering the field of mental health, I have specialized in working with individuals and families from diverse populations, providing a person-centered & multiculturally focused approach to therapy. Clinically, I follow an integrated approach with an emphasis on person-centered and behavioral practices, and a focus on adapting mental health services & reducing mental heath stigma for all populations.
I completed my masters at Roosevelt University in 2019, majoring in Clinical Psychology. Prior to that, I attended the University of Missouri for my undergraduate studies, where I studied in Psychology, Black Studies & Sociology. Since entering the field of mental health, I have specialized in working with individuals and families from diverse populations, providing a person-centered & multiculturally focused approach to therapy. Clinically, I follow an integrated approach with an emphasis on person-centered and behavioral practices, and a focus on adapting mental health services & reducing mental heath stigma for all populations.
(773) 917-0468 View (773) 917-0468
Photo of Luke Edward Muzyka in Chicago, IL
Luke Edward Muzyka
MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622
I found my way to social work by working as a paramedic in Chicago. This experience has shown me the intertwined nature of individual personal health and emotional well-being. It has also shown me the complicated ways in which social forces affect people and the communities in which they live. The resulting anxiety, depression, and trauma become barriers to thrive. However, after witnessing the resilience of people who endure these many life challenges, I am passionate about working alongside them. Everyone deserves support. I believe in creating spaces and communities that provide this for us all.
I found my way to social work by working as a paramedic in Chicago. This experience has shown me the intertwined nature of individual personal health and emotional well-being. It has also shown me the complicated ways in which social forces affect people and the communities in which they live. The resulting anxiety, depression, and trauma become barriers to thrive. However, after witnessing the resilience of people who endure these many life challenges, I am passionate about working alongside them. Everyone deserves support. I believe in creating spaces and communities that provide this for us all.
(708) 694-8495 View (708) 694-8495
Photo of Penelope Zeigler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Penelope Zeigler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60625  (Online Only)
You are the most qualified expert on yourself. I am here to encourage, support, collaborate, and explore solutions with you. Life can be hard to manage, and reaching out for help is a huge first step. Whether you are experiencing a new crisis, have been dealing with mental health challenges for years, or are just looking for support for self-exploration, I strive to work with you, as a team, to reach whatever goals you set for yourself.
You are the most qualified expert on yourself. I am here to encourage, support, collaborate, and explore solutions with you. Life can be hard to manage, and reaching out for help is a huge first step. Whether you are experiencing a new crisis, have been dealing with mental health challenges for years, or are just looking for support for self-exploration, I strive to work with you, as a team, to reach whatever goals you set for yourself.
(773) 321-8705 View (773) 321-8705
Photo of Kelley Lee, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Kelley Lee
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60643
Hello, I’m Kelley! I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor and a Certified Alcohol and Other Drug Counselor. I have a decade of experience working with both men and women who need assistance with Depression, Anxiety, Co-occurring Disorders, Codependency, and Addiction. My approach is integrative. I use techniques and interventions from several different orientations tailored based on my client's needs. My superpower is meeting my clients where they are in a welcoming and non-judgmental way.
Hello, I’m Kelley! I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor and a Certified Alcohol and Other Drug Counselor. I have a decade of experience working with both men and women who need assistance with Depression, Anxiety, Co-occurring Disorders, Codependency, and Addiction. My approach is integrative. I use techniques and interventions from several different orientations tailored based on my client's needs. My superpower is meeting my clients where they are in a welcoming and non-judgmental way.
(708) 742-8595 View (708) 742-8595
Photo of Beth Melewski, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Beth Melewski
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657  (Online Only)
Are you seeking growth but feel confused, stuck or overwhelmed? I understand these feelings because I've been there too! We will move through this process together, to facilitate change, and set realistic goals, and I am here to support you in strengthening the tools that will help you succeed outside the therapeutic space. I value curiosity, humor, and openness in our sessions, and I am here to create a therapeutic space where authenticity is not just welcomed but celebrated.
Are you seeking growth but feel confused, stuck or overwhelmed? I understand these feelings because I've been there too! We will move through this process together, to facilitate change, and set realistic goals, and I am here to support you in strengthening the tools that will help you succeed outside the therapeutic space. I value curiosity, humor, and openness in our sessions, and I am here to create a therapeutic space where authenticity is not just welcomed but celebrated.
(773) 902-0528 View (773) 902-0528
Photo of Kimberly Shapps, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Kimberly Shapps
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, JD, LCSW, ICDVP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60657
I began my career as a practicing attorney representing women in abusive relationships in order of protection and divorce proceedings. As a therapist, I use my legal and therapeutic background to provide individual counseling prior to, during, and after divorce. Divorce is a traumatic life event that can have a ripple effect on nearly every aspect of one's life. I offer clients both concrete help to better understand the legal system and what they can expect from the process, while also working to gain deeper insight into what happened in the relationship and starting to heal from the experience.
I began my career as a practicing attorney representing women in abusive relationships in order of protection and divorce proceedings. As a therapist, I use my legal and therapeutic background to provide individual counseling prior to, during, and after divorce. Divorce is a traumatic life event that can have a ripple effect on nearly every aspect of one's life. I offer clients both concrete help to better understand the legal system and what they can expect from the process, while also working to gain deeper insight into what happened in the relationship and starting to heal from the experience.
(312) 854-2823 View (312) 854-2823
Photo of Dominique Rodriguez, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Dominique Rodriguez
Counselor, MEd, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60618  (Online Only)
Well Grounded to me means a lot of different things but overall it’s about having a regulated nervous system. It means, making sure your cup is full before you try to fill others. It’s realizing that putting yourself first doesn’t mean you can’t show up in your other relationships. My goal is to help you find ways to reclaim your time, energy and power, so that you can be well & stay grounded. I want you to feel grounded in your shoes, socks and on this earth so that you can take up the space that surrounds you. You have to be grounded before you can blossom and you deserve to bloom.
Well Grounded to me means a lot of different things but overall it’s about having a regulated nervous system. It means, making sure your cup is full before you try to fill others. It’s realizing that putting yourself first doesn’t mean you can’t show up in your other relationships. My goal is to help you find ways to reclaim your time, energy and power, so that you can be well & stay grounded. I want you to feel grounded in your shoes, socks and on this earth so that you can take up the space that surrounds you. You have to be grounded before you can blossom and you deserve to bloom.
(773) 992-1115 View (773) 992-1115
Photo of Carolyn Hinkamp, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Carolyn Hinkamp
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60618
I am a clinical social worker with experience with adolescents and young adult populations, and with topics such as anxiety, depression, self-esteem, academic challenges, life transitions, and school avoidance. I have worked in partial hospitalization & intensive outpatient programs, foster care, and outpatient hospital treatment settings.
I am a clinical social worker with experience with adolescents and young adult populations, and with topics such as anxiety, depression, self-esteem, academic challenges, life transitions, and school avoidance. I have worked in partial hospitalization & intensive outpatient programs, foster care, and outpatient hospital treatment settings.
(773) 672-2140 View (773) 672-2140
Photo of O2 Counseling, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chicago, IL
O2 Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60625
O2 Counseling is group of therapists specializing in relationship therapy for individuals, couples and adult families. All of our therapists are whole-heartedly dedicated to your progress and invested in your well-being. Our Marriage and Family Therapists help couples understand triggers, communicate more effectively and change unhealthy patterns. All therapists also work with individuals who are struggling with anxiety, stress, depression, low self-worth and life transitions such as divorce, job loss or parenthood.
O2 Counseling is group of therapists specializing in relationship therapy for individuals, couples and adult families. All of our therapists are whole-heartedly dedicated to your progress and invested in your well-being. Our Marriage and Family Therapists help couples understand triggers, communicate more effectively and change unhealthy patterns. All therapists also work with individuals who are struggling with anxiety, stress, depression, low self-worth and life transitions such as divorce, job loss or parenthood.
(773) 786-9958 View (773) 786-9958
Photo of Natasha Bhatt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Natasha Bhatt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MA
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60611  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
People seek therapy for a variety of reasons: are you feeling stuck? Dissatisfied with your job? Feeling overwhelmed or sad? Whatever your needs may be, Restore is here to support and guide you along the way. Each treatment plan is uniquely designed to meet your goals and needs. I strive to create a warm and supportive space for you to feel comfortable sharing your story. I believe in a collaborative therapeutic relationship with my clients focusing on your strengths and resilience. I have diverse experience working with adults, couples, and families using evidence-based, strengths focused, and goal oriented modalities.
People seek therapy for a variety of reasons: are you feeling stuck? Dissatisfied with your job? Feeling overwhelmed or sad? Whatever your needs may be, Restore is here to support and guide you along the way. Each treatment plan is uniquely designed to meet your goals and needs. I strive to create a warm and supportive space for you to feel comfortable sharing your story. I believe in a collaborative therapeutic relationship with my clients focusing on your strengths and resilience. I have diverse experience working with adults, couples, and families using evidence-based, strengths focused, and goal oriented modalities.
(312) 379-8762 View (312) 379-8762
Photo of Rob Gellman, MS, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chicago, IL
Rob Gellman, MS, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60643
-Individual, Couple, & Family Therapy. Trained at the University of Rochester School of Medicine, Kansas State University's School of Family Studies, and The University of Chicago School of Medicine, Clinic Founder Rob Gellman has been a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist for 14 years, and was a professor at Adler University from 2008-2011. He is a regularly invited speaker with local mental health agencies and national conferences. A recognized expert on families coping with chronic illness, infidelity, and the training of therapists and physicians, Rob's clinical practice is diverse, helping adults, children, couples and families on the path to wellness. ***Specializing in Anxiety Disorders, Relationship Distress, Infidelity, Sex Therapy, Young Couples, Depression, Chronic Illness, Grief and Loss, Family Conflict, and Lifecycle Transitions.
-Individual, Couple, & Family Therapy. Trained at the University of Rochester School of Medicine, Kansas State University's School of Family Studies, and The University of Chicago School of Medicine, Clinic Founder Rob Gellman has been a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist for 14 years, and was a professor at Adler University from 2008-2011. He is a regularly invited speaker with local mental health agencies and national conferences. A recognized expert on families coping with chronic illness, infidelity, and the training of therapists and physicians, Rob's clinical practice is diverse, helping adults, children, couples and families on the path to wellness. ***Specializing in Anxiety Disorders, Relationship Distress, Infidelity, Sex Therapy, Young Couples, Depression, Chronic Illness, Grief and Loss, Family Conflict, and Lifecycle Transitions.
(872) 206-3435 View (872) 206-3435
Photo of Rae Anne McLaughlin, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Rae Anne McLaughlin
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60611
Rae Anne is a Licensed Professional Counselor who specializes in the treatment of anxiety disorders, mood disorders, adjustment disorders, and trauma and stressor related disorders. She received her Bachelor's degree in Psychology from Penn State University with a minor in Human Development and Family Studies and holds a Masters degree in Counseling from Northwestern University. Rae Anne has extensive experience in working with children, teens, families, and adults in community mental health, hospital, and outpatient settings.
Rae Anne is a Licensed Professional Counselor who specializes in the treatment of anxiety disorders, mood disorders, adjustment disorders, and trauma and stressor related disorders. She received her Bachelor's degree in Psychology from Penn State University with a minor in Human Development and Family Studies and holds a Masters degree in Counseling from Northwestern University. Rae Anne has extensive experience in working with children, teens, families, and adults in community mental health, hospital, and outpatient settings.
(872) 219-0303 View (872) 219-0303
Photo of Martha J Kowalczyk, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Martha J Kowalczyk
Psychologist, PhD, NCSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60601  (Online Only)
Sincere, compassionate, and knowledgeable, I am a licensed clinical psychologist with over 10 years of experience treating adults, children, adolescents, and families from diverse backgrounds. Educated in psychodynamic psychotherapy and incorporating cognitive behavioral strategies and mindfulness techniques, I strive to create a safe and welcoming therapeutic environment, while helping you process earlier life experiences and implement healthier coping skills. I focus on a collaborative process in providing you with prevention and interventions towards your current stressors.
Sincere, compassionate, and knowledgeable, I am a licensed clinical psychologist with over 10 years of experience treating adults, children, adolescents, and families from diverse backgrounds. Educated in psychodynamic psychotherapy and incorporating cognitive behavioral strategies and mindfulness techniques, I strive to create a safe and welcoming therapeutic environment, while helping you process earlier life experiences and implement healthier coping skills. I focus on a collaborative process in providing you with prevention and interventions towards your current stressors.
(312) 778-5793 View (312) 778-5793
Photo of Linda Michaels, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Linda Michaels
Psychologist, PsyD, MBA
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60611
Not accepting new clients
Therapy helps relieve suffering and pain during times of loss or change, and can lead to significant growth and transformation, helping you to make important changes in your life, experience more vitality, and enjoy richer relationships. Most of us benefit from more support during major life transitions, such as a relationship crisis, work problems, loss of a loved one, or the birth of a child. Many of us also struggle to get what we want and need in our personal and professional lives. Partnering with a skilled therapist can help uncover obstacles, get to the root of issues, and create a path to move forward.
Therapy helps relieve suffering and pain during times of loss or change, and can lead to significant growth and transformation, helping you to make important changes in your life, experience more vitality, and enjoy richer relationships. Most of us benefit from more support during major life transitions, such as a relationship crisis, work problems, loss of a loved one, or the birth of a child. Many of us also struggle to get what we want and need in our personal and professional lives. Partnering with a skilled therapist can help uncover obstacles, get to the root of issues, and create a path to move forward.
(312) 313-3921 View (312) 313-3921
Photo of Lynn Guerra, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Lynn Guerra
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60661
We will work together to help facilitate positive changes and move toward the life you imagine for yourself.
We will work together to help facilitate positive changes and move toward the life you imagine for yourself.
(773) 923-2663 View (773) 923-2663
Photo of Irina Rivera, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Irina Rivera
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60601
I believe therapy is a collaborative process and invite feedback at all stages of our work. I bring to therapy my previous experiences working in creative environments, to help clients foster new perspectives and solutions that fit your unique struggles, identities, and personality. My clients have come from diverse backgrounds and many have experienced abuse, loss, and/or marginalization. Therapy can offer some immediate relief from stress, depression, and anxiety, but I also work with clients to make lasting changes in the way you see and relate to yourself and others. I work with university students, couples, and adults.
I believe therapy is a collaborative process and invite feedback at all stages of our work. I bring to therapy my previous experiences working in creative environments, to help clients foster new perspectives and solutions that fit your unique struggles, identities, and personality. My clients have come from diverse backgrounds and many have experienced abuse, loss, and/or marginalization. Therapy can offer some immediate relief from stress, depression, and anxiety, but I also work with clients to make lasting changes in the way you see and relate to yourself and others. I work with university students, couples, and adults.
(312) 579-2728 View (312) 579-2728
Photo of Jacqueline Allen, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Jacqueline Allen
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
When I was a kid, I observed my mom go through counseling. I saw her gain tools to manage depression and evolve into someone who knew her worth. She modeled for me how effective counseling can be. It is my absolute pleasure to support my clients in this way. I am especially passionate about supporting women of color in healing from wounds, and seeing & strengthening their resilience.
When I was a kid, I observed my mom go through counseling. I saw her gain tools to manage depression and evolve into someone who knew her worth. She modeled for me how effective counseling can be. It is my absolute pleasure to support my clients in this way. I am especially passionate about supporting women of color in healing from wounds, and seeing & strengthening their resilience.
(872) 278-5111 View (872) 278-5111
Photo of Mind and Movement Therapy, PLLC, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Mind and Movement Therapy, PLLC
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60608  (Online Only)
Helping adults 18+ by providing counseling to individuals and couples and treating concerns that involve: Anxiety Depression Behavioral Issues Grief Trauma Career Discernment Time Management Family Conflict Parenting/Co-Parenting Division of Labor Intimacy
Helping adults 18+ by providing counseling to individuals and couples and treating concerns that involve: Anxiety Depression Behavioral Issues Grief Trauma Career Discernment Time Management Family Conflict Parenting/Co-Parenting Division of Labor Intimacy
(312) 725-0540 View (312) 725-0540
Photo of Clare McCarthy, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Clare McCarthy
Counselor, LCPC, ATR-BC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622
Creative people often need multiple ways to process and integrate information before things "click" and real change takes place. Studio art therapy provides an accepting space for flexible self-expression that moves beyond words into the sensory and tangible world. I focus on helping clients connect their unconscious and conscious minds to align around personal and relationship goals in fresh, creative ways. Together we can enter a space where safety and exploration are bridged, and issues of mood, anxiety, and past trauma can be safely and effectively worked through to improve overall functioning through mind-body integration.
Creative people often need multiple ways to process and integrate information before things "click" and real change takes place. Studio art therapy provides an accepting space for flexible self-expression that moves beyond words into the sensory and tangible world. I focus on helping clients connect their unconscious and conscious minds to align around personal and relationship goals in fresh, creative ways. Together we can enter a space where safety and exploration are bridged, and issues of mood, anxiety, and past trauma can be safely and effectively worked through to improve overall functioning through mind-body integration.
(773) 906-4414 View (773) 906-4414
Photo of David P Smith, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
David P Smith
Psychologist, MA, PhD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60625
I've been a licensed clinical psychologist for over 24 years and have been working in the field for over 45. I received my Ph.D. from the University of Chicago and work in the Chicago area in hospitals and in private practice. My approach to therapy is integrative. I have certification in clinical hypnosis and like to work with patients on practical strategies to improve their lives. Once particular problems are addressed, addressing life's meaning and personal potential is always important.
I've been a licensed clinical psychologist for over 24 years and have been working in the field for over 45. I received my Ph.D. from the University of Chicago and work in the Chicago area in hospitals and in private practice. My approach to therapy is integrative. I have certification in clinical hypnosis and like to work with patients on practical strategies to improve their lives. Once particular problems are addressed, addressing life's meaning and personal potential is always important.
(872) 239-3768 View (872) 239-3768

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.