Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Melyssa Scott in Chicago, IL
Melyssa Scott
MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60653
I have 5 years of Social Work experience working with Domestic Violence and Severe Mental Illness. Within my experience I have worked with teens, adults, and families. I am passionate about art therapy and finding the tools to understanding one’s own mental health. The therapeutic approaches I work with are CBT, DBT, and Mindfulness.
I have 5 years of Social Work experience working with Domestic Violence and Severe Mental Illness. Within my experience I have worked with teens, adults, and families. I am passionate about art therapy and finding the tools to understanding one’s own mental health. The therapeutic approaches I work with are CBT, DBT, and Mindfulness.
(312) 313-0669 View (312) 313-0669
Photo of Jacqueline Renee Anderson-Carter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Jacqueline Renee Anderson-Carter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60643
Not accepting new clients
I enjoy working with people dealing with life transitions, and those working to survive and thrive through trauma, depression, anxiety, and other oppressive life events and conditions. I have an affinity for those identifying with issues related to being a woman in a society that has been unkind to women. The people with whom I work want to reach their personal best and feel good about themselves and their lives. They also want to drop the "mask" and live authentically without regret.
I enjoy working with people dealing with life transitions, and those working to survive and thrive through trauma, depression, anxiety, and other oppressive life events and conditions. I have an affinity for those identifying with issues related to being a woman in a society that has been unkind to women. The people with whom I work want to reach their personal best and feel good about themselves and their lives. They also want to drop the "mask" and live authentically without regret.
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Photo of Ashley Dowdy, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Ashley Dowdy
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60661
Are you feeling alone, misunderstood, or overwhelmed with your current life circumstances? Stressors from work, finances, family, friendships, and romantic partnerships impede on your quality of life and interfere with the happiness you want and deserve. Whether you are going through a career transition, navigating healthy boundaries, or in need of processing the negative thoughts or emotions you feel daily, I am here to help. I will address, validate, and acknowledge these aspects of your life, while also providing empowerment and evidence-based practices needed to help you take control of who you want to become.
Are you feeling alone, misunderstood, or overwhelmed with your current life circumstances? Stressors from work, finances, family, friendships, and romantic partnerships impede on your quality of life and interfere with the happiness you want and deserve. Whether you are going through a career transition, navigating healthy boundaries, or in need of processing the negative thoughts or emotions you feel daily, I am here to help. I will address, validate, and acknowledge these aspects of your life, while also providing empowerment and evidence-based practices needed to help you take control of who you want to become.
(312) 561-3728 View (312) 561-3728
Photo of Colleen Paul, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Colleen Paul
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60647  (Online Only)
Do you feel overly stressed with life and its affiliated tasks? Are you at a point where you feel hopeless, anxious, and isolated amongst your struggles? Are you from the LGBTQIA+ community, struggling with self-acceptance and acceptance from others? Is it hard to identify your true self? You may be feeling lost and unable to rid yourself of these consuming, distressed thoughts. You want to start feeling energized, supported, and in control of your life. You want to be proud of who you are.
Do you feel overly stressed with life and its affiliated tasks? Are you at a point where you feel hopeless, anxious, and isolated amongst your struggles? Are you from the LGBTQIA+ community, struggling with self-acceptance and acceptance from others? Is it hard to identify your true self? You may be feeling lost and unable to rid yourself of these consuming, distressed thoughts. You want to start feeling energized, supported, and in control of your life. You want to be proud of who you are.
(312) 626-4940 View (312) 626-4940
Photo of Ruchira Hantman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Ruchira Hantman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MS, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613
Welcome to my practice. In my 19+ years of doing clinical work, I have developed a sensitive awareness for clients' unique needs in therapy . I offer a safe, collaborative space to help clients grow, heal, and work through emotional problems. I get to know my clients well and use a range of therapeutic tools to help them understand and work through emotions, thoughts, and patterns that cause them to feel stuck. I really enjoy working with clients from all different backgrounds in short and long term therapy.
Welcome to my practice. In my 19+ years of doing clinical work, I have developed a sensitive awareness for clients' unique needs in therapy . I offer a safe, collaborative space to help clients grow, heal, and work through emotional problems. I get to know my clients well and use a range of therapeutic tools to help them understand and work through emotions, thoughts, and patterns that cause them to feel stuck. I really enjoy working with clients from all different backgrounds in short and long term therapy.
(872) 259-7230 View (872) 259-7230
Photo of Stamatia Samantha Robbins, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Stamatia Samantha Robbins
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSc
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601
Hello, my name is Stamatia Samantha Robbins. I have been fortunate enough to work with clients aged 4-80 in a variety of settings in both the UK and the US. Whether it be on a psychiatric unit, in a client’s home, or a virtual session, I provide a comfortable and safe space to talk openly about mental health. Finding a therapist that’s right for you can be overwhelming. I am dedicated to building a relationship with each of my clients that fosters growth and trust, allowing us to work together to reach your goals.
Hello, my name is Stamatia Samantha Robbins. I have been fortunate enough to work with clients aged 4-80 in a variety of settings in both the UK and the US. Whether it be on a psychiatric unit, in a client’s home, or a virtual session, I provide a comfortable and safe space to talk openly about mental health. Finding a therapist that’s right for you can be overwhelming. I am dedicated to building a relationship with each of my clients that fosters growth and trust, allowing us to work together to reach your goals.
(312) 900-8362 View (312) 900-8362
Photo of Confluent Relationship Therapy, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Confluent Relationship Therapy
Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60661  (Online Only)
As seen in: Forbes, Fatherly, The Knot, Everyday Health, and AskMen! Are you struggling with your relationship? Do you feel distant from your partner? I help couples and relationships find peace by fostering communication, managing conflict, and rebuilding the foundations of the union that are vital to the success of any relationship. Your goals for your relationship are my goals for your relationship! I work with clients from all backgrounds, including traditional and non-traditional relationships or unions. LGBTQIA+ allied, and poly affirming.
As seen in: Forbes, Fatherly, The Knot, Everyday Health, and AskMen! Are you struggling with your relationship? Do you feel distant from your partner? I help couples and relationships find peace by fostering communication, managing conflict, and rebuilding the foundations of the union that are vital to the success of any relationship. Your goals for your relationship are my goals for your relationship! I work with clients from all backgrounds, including traditional and non-traditional relationships or unions. LGBTQIA+ allied, and poly affirming.
(312) 874-6588 View (312) 874-6588
Photo of Samuel Rentschler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Samuel Rentschler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657
Samuel Rentschler, LSW, creates a supportive and collaborative environment for clients. He believes every individual is the expert of their own experience, and he encourages clients to make use of their own expertise to accomplish change. Samuel earned an MSW from University of Michigan. He treats adults with a wide range of challenges, including depression or anxiety, individuals experiencing distress from change or circumstance, and people who are looking to learn new tools or skills to take their mental health into their own hands.
Samuel Rentschler, LSW, creates a supportive and collaborative environment for clients. He believes every individual is the expert of their own experience, and he encourages clients to make use of their own expertise to accomplish change. Samuel earned an MSW from University of Michigan. He treats adults with a wide range of challenges, including depression or anxiety, individuals experiencing distress from change or circumstance, and people who are looking to learn new tools or skills to take their mental health into their own hands.
(872) 246-9335 View (872) 246-9335
Photo of Bria White, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Bria White
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60637
People often say "Love yourself", but what does that truly mean? How can you do that if you've never experienced self-love before? I am a BIPOC, LGBTQ+ and neurodivergent affirming clinician that wants to see marginalized people love themselves and flourish in their communities. I believe you should not only feel allowed to take up space but thrive in it! My job is to guide you through that process in becoming your best self, on your terms.
People often say "Love yourself", but what does that truly mean? How can you do that if you've never experienced self-love before? I am a BIPOC, LGBTQ+ and neurodivergent affirming clinician that wants to see marginalized people love themselves and flourish in their communities. I believe you should not only feel allowed to take up space but thrive in it! My job is to guide you through that process in becoming your best self, on your terms.
(872) 401-8107 View (872) 401-8107
Photo of Alixandra Zoe Rosenbaum, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Alixandra Zoe Rosenbaum
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60605
The first step to making a change is identifying that there is a problem. Each person is so vastly different, there is no one-size fits all approach to therapy. When working with clients, I integrate tenants from various therapeutic approaches to fit the individuals needs that day. Whether it’s anxiety, depression, a significant life-event or change, the right therapist can make all the difference.
The first step to making a change is identifying that there is a problem. Each person is so vastly different, there is no one-size fits all approach to therapy. When working with clients, I integrate tenants from various therapeutic approaches to fit the individuals needs that day. Whether it’s anxiety, depression, a significant life-event or change, the right therapist can make all the difference.
(630) 349-7273 View (630) 349-7273
Photo of Get Your Mind Right Therapy Services , Marriage & Family Therapist in Chicago, IL
Get Your Mind Right Therapy Services
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60653  (Online Only)
I AM a Professional Questioner, Listener, and Change Agent! Curator of Get Your Mind Right Therapy Services LLC., we work with Pastors/Wives, Ministers, Couples, and Adult Individuals. Our motto: ‘A Healed Mind Leads to a Healed Life’. We expose unhealthy thoughts, behaviors, and patterns helping you create healthy ones, so you can live a fulfilling and productive life! We believe in healing both Naturally and Spiritually! We provide a Confidential and Space of Safety for you to process. We work heavily with the Church Community and understand some of the misconceptions and thoughts people have been taught regarding God and therapy!
I AM a Professional Questioner, Listener, and Change Agent! Curator of Get Your Mind Right Therapy Services LLC., we work with Pastors/Wives, Ministers, Couples, and Adult Individuals. Our motto: ‘A Healed Mind Leads to a Healed Life’. We expose unhealthy thoughts, behaviors, and patterns helping you create healthy ones, so you can live a fulfilling and productive life! We believe in healing both Naturally and Spiritually! We provide a Confidential and Space of Safety for you to process. We work heavily with the Church Community and understand some of the misconceptions and thoughts people have been taught regarding God and therapy!
(773) 232-3465 View (773) 232-3465
Photo of Michal Gordon, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Chicago, IL
Michal Gordon
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, ALMFT
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60603
You are a whole person who deserves to be seen, supported, and given access to the tools that can help you thrive through whatever you are going through. I am both sex and religion positive and enjoy working with people who are struggling, or have strengths that they’d like to access, in either area. My main passions include men’s mental health, relationships, and intimacy and I believe that the greatest change in all of these things comes from working on it with others— working with couples and families is the way I most enjoy tackling issues!
You are a whole person who deserves to be seen, supported, and given access to the tools that can help you thrive through whatever you are going through. I am both sex and religion positive and enjoy working with people who are struggling, or have strengths that they’d like to access, in either area. My main passions include men’s mental health, relationships, and intimacy and I believe that the greatest change in all of these things comes from working on it with others— working with couples and families is the way I most enjoy tackling issues!
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Photo of Maria Nadupparambil, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Maria Nadupparambil
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60605
I am a licensed professional counselor with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology from Benedictine University. I have worked in a variety of settings such as inpatient, residential, nonprofit, domestic violence, and private practice which have provided a substantial amount of knowledge about appropriate levels of care. I have worked with presenting concerns such as mood disorders, anxiety, depression, trauma, and PTSD.
I am a licensed professional counselor with a Master’s in Clinical Psychology from Benedictine University. I have worked in a variety of settings such as inpatient, residential, nonprofit, domestic violence, and private practice which have provided a substantial amount of knowledge about appropriate levels of care. I have worked with presenting concerns such as mood disorders, anxiety, depression, trauma, and PTSD.
(312) 872-8335 View (312) 872-8335
Photo of Nicole Kumane` Chisum, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Nicole Kumane` Chisum
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60616  (Online Only)
My clients are open and willing engage in the therapeutic process to reach whatever goals they desire to reach. They come to me for various reasons, whether it is - addressing a mental health diagnosis or just wanting a non-bias person to help them process their day-to-day life stressors. My clients want to improve their overall mental health in comfortable and safe space.
My clients are open and willing engage in the therapeutic process to reach whatever goals they desire to reach. They come to me for various reasons, whether it is - addressing a mental health diagnosis or just wanting a non-bias person to help them process their day-to-day life stressors. My clients want to improve their overall mental health in comfortable and safe space.
(312) 509-4639 View (312) 509-4639
Photo of Kayla Sivesind, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Kayla Sivesind
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60601
**I have daytime availability Monday-Friday and morning availability on Fridays.** I practice in an integrative fashion, combining aspects of psychodynamic, relational, cognitive-behavioral and existential perspectives. I view therapy as a collaborative process and work with my clients to help create and maintain a safe space to explore and interact with one's thoughts and feelings. I seek to help my clients live fully and authentically and see therapy as an opportunity to learn new ways of walking in the world that bring happiness and fulfillment.
**I have daytime availability Monday-Friday and morning availability on Fridays.** I practice in an integrative fashion, combining aspects of psychodynamic, relational, cognitive-behavioral and existential perspectives. I view therapy as a collaborative process and work with my clients to help create and maintain a safe space to explore and interact with one's thoughts and feelings. I seek to help my clients live fully and authentically and see therapy as an opportunity to learn new ways of walking in the world that bring happiness and fulfillment.
(872) 814-6015 View (872) 814-6015
Photo of Santyna Piñeiros, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Santyna Piñeiros
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60615
Life can be really difficult to navigate at times. Different spaces in life require different tools and skills. Maybe, you are finding that the tools that worked in a previous space in time, are no longer useful; leaving you feeling stuck and overwhelmed. Maybe, you are tired of the same feelings of guilt, hurt, and shame from your past and you are ready to heal. Maybe you are feeling the intensity of the current time and world we live in, and you need a space to process it all. Whatever the case, it is my passion assisting teen and adult women as they discover themselves and develop what they need to live the lives they desire.
Life can be really difficult to navigate at times. Different spaces in life require different tools and skills. Maybe, you are finding that the tools that worked in a previous space in time, are no longer useful; leaving you feeling stuck and overwhelmed. Maybe, you are tired of the same feelings of guilt, hurt, and shame from your past and you are ready to heal. Maybe you are feeling the intensity of the current time and world we live in, and you need a space to process it all. Whatever the case, it is my passion assisting teen and adult women as they discover themselves and develop what they need to live the lives they desire.
(773) 570-8092 View (773) 570-8092
Photo of All Eround Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
All Eround Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60617
Waitlist for new clients
I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Certified Life Coach from Chicago, IL., who works with young adults and adolescents that struggle with anxiety and depression. I’ve had extensive experience with using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Strengths-Based Therapy while working in the Chicago Public and Chicago Charter schools for nearly 10 years. My treatment approach is rooted in evidence based practices that focus on mind-body-spirit. I studied at The University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) where I obtained my Master’s degree in Social Work.
I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Certified Life Coach from Chicago, IL., who works with young adults and adolescents that struggle with anxiety and depression. I’ve had extensive experience with using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Strengths-Based Therapy while working in the Chicago Public and Chicago Charter schools for nearly 10 years. My treatment approach is rooted in evidence based practices that focus on mind-body-spirit. I studied at The University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) where I obtained my Master’s degree in Social Work.
(773) 692-9416 View (773) 692-9416
Photo of Avi Bowie, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Avi Bowie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60647  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I approach my work through an integration of trauma-responsive, anti-oppressive, and mindfulness-based practices and lenses. I view therapy as a collaborative process where we work together to build trust and grow insight to support you in developing a deeper understanding of your relationship to yourself, to others, and to the world around you. I consider individuals to be the experts of their experience and see my role in the therapeutic relationship as one of creating a space that is welcoming, affirming, reflective, non-judgmental, curious, and compassionate. I work with both teenagers and adults in individual therapy.
I approach my work through an integration of trauma-responsive, anti-oppressive, and mindfulness-based practices and lenses. I view therapy as a collaborative process where we work together to build trust and grow insight to support you in developing a deeper understanding of your relationship to yourself, to others, and to the world around you. I consider individuals to be the experts of their experience and see my role in the therapeutic relationship as one of creating a space that is welcoming, affirming, reflective, non-judgmental, curious, and compassionate. I work with both teenagers and adults in individual therapy.
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Photo of Mary E Hoover, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Mary E Hoover
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, CADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60630  (Online Only)
I am delighted to help clients with anxiety, depression, addictions, eating disorders, and relationship problems accomplish their treatment goals using CBT techniques. These techniques are powerful tools that helps people get better quickly. If you are willing to work hard in sessions, and do homework in between sessions. I am confident you can make excellent progress.
I am delighted to help clients with anxiety, depression, addictions, eating disorders, and relationship problems accomplish their treatment goals using CBT techniques. These techniques are powerful tools that helps people get better quickly. If you are willing to work hard in sessions, and do homework in between sessions. I am confident you can make excellent progress.
(224) 267-2378 View (224) 267-2378
Photo of Shakita Read, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Shakita Read
Pre-Licensed Professional, MACP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613
Hello, I am a professional counselor in Chicago with a Master of Arts in Clinical Psychology. As a young professional and mother, I understand the day-to-day stressors women face as they seek to balance careers and family life. I bring personal and professional experience to the therapeutic relationship where my goal as a clinician is to empower individuals to overcome challenges, enabling them to control the narrative of their lives and to be the author of their own stories. Call 24/7 to schedule or request an appointment online https://intouchmindhealth.com/request-an-appointment. I have Saturday appointments available.
Hello, I am a professional counselor in Chicago with a Master of Arts in Clinical Psychology. As a young professional and mother, I understand the day-to-day stressors women face as they seek to balance careers and family life. I bring personal and professional experience to the therapeutic relationship where my goal as a clinician is to empower individuals to overcome challenges, enabling them to control the narrative of their lives and to be the author of their own stories. Call 24/7 to schedule or request an appointment online https://intouchmindhealth.com/request-an-appointment. I have Saturday appointments available.
(872) 242-2152 View (872) 242-2152

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.