Therapists in Chicago, IL

View neighborhoods in Chicago
Photo of Kevin Harris, Licensed Social Worker in Chicago, IL
Kevin Harris
Licensed Social Worker, LSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60643  (Online Only)
The therapy space is a sacred one and it is an honor to sit in that space with clients. I believe that every individual that comes to therapy arrives not as a broken person but as a perfect and whole person seeking to be recognized and heard. I operate in collaboration with the client as I believe that each person holds the keys to being the hero and author of their own story.
The therapy space is a sacred one and it is an honor to sit in that space with clients. I believe that every individual that comes to therapy arrives not as a broken person but as a perfect and whole person seeking to be recognized and heard. I operate in collaboration with the client as I believe that each person holds the keys to being the hero and author of their own story.
(773) 985-8035 View (773) 985-8035
Photo of Dave Berkman, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Dave Berkman
Psychologist, PsyD, Psypact
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60601  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Change really is possible, both in terms of symptom relief as well as deeper, life long patterns and dynamics. As a licensed clinical psychologist, I will work with you as an active participant in your treatment. Together, we will gain insight into both the overt, and at times less obvious, factors which impact your quality of life. In addition, I will help you learn concrete techniques to better manage problematic symptoms and dynamics.
Change really is possible, both in terms of symptom relief as well as deeper, life long patterns and dynamics. As a licensed clinical psychologist, I will work with you as an active participant in your treatment. Together, we will gain insight into both the overt, and at times less obvious, factors which impact your quality of life. In addition, I will help you learn concrete techniques to better manage problematic symptoms and dynamics.
(773) 888-0514 View (773) 888-0514
Photo of Adam Scartozzi, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Adam Scartozzi
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602
Times are tough. Overwhelmed by thinking in circles, catastrophizing and doubting yourself, the fog of fear has surrounded you. "What-ifs" can make it feel a carefree life is impossible; stuck between where you’ve been and where you want to be. Feeling demoralized and discouraged, the worry has taken too much and it's time to turn things around, once and for all!
Times are tough. Overwhelmed by thinking in circles, catastrophizing and doubting yourself, the fog of fear has surrounded you. "What-ifs" can make it feel a carefree life is impossible; stuck between where you’ve been and where you want to be. Feeling demoralized and discouraged, the worry has taken too much and it's time to turn things around, once and for all!
(312) 313-1191 View (312) 313-1191
Photo of Front Door Health in Chicago, IL
Front Door Health
MD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60640
As one of the first in-home addiction treatment providers in the country, we are an excellent fit for those struggling with substance abuse and/or mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and stress who want to remain engaged in positive forces in their lives (work, family) while they recover. Our clients also value the privacy and convenience that our treatment program offers. Of course, there should not be a one-size-fits-all approach to addiction treatment, as you have unique needs and goals. To that end, our clients have a dedicated team of addiction professionals to provide psychiatry, medication, and counseling services as appropriate, over the course of an entire year. Not only are we able to more precisely tailor your recovery program than other addiction treatment providers, but we also help you learn and practice coping skills in the environment in which your sobriety will be tested.
As one of the first in-home addiction treatment providers in the country, we are an excellent fit for those struggling with substance abuse and/or mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and stress who want to remain engaged in positive forces in their lives (work, family) while they recover. Our clients also value the privacy and convenience that our treatment program offers. Of course, there should not be a one-size-fits-all approach to addiction treatment, as you have unique needs and goals. To that end, our clients have a dedicated team of addiction professionals to provide psychiatry, medication, and counseling services as appropriate, over the course of an entire year. Not only are we able to more precisely tailor your recovery program than other addiction treatment providers, but we also help you learn and practice coping skills in the environment in which your sobriety will be tested.
(224) 507-1653 View (224) 507-1653
Photo of Jennifer Nudo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Jennifer Nudo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PMH-C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60618
I provide therapy to adults experiencing depression, anxiety, or challenges related to pregnancy, postpartum, or their reproductive health. I specialize in working with pregnant and postpartum women who are struggling with feelings of anxiety, isolation, sadness, or not feeling like themselves. I also have experience and specialized training in providing therapy to individuals coping with the impact of infertility, medically complex pregnancies, or birth trauma.
I provide therapy to adults experiencing depression, anxiety, or challenges related to pregnancy, postpartum, or their reproductive health. I specialize in working with pregnant and postpartum women who are struggling with feelings of anxiety, isolation, sadness, or not feeling like themselves. I also have experience and specialized training in providing therapy to individuals coping with the impact of infertility, medically complex pregnancies, or birth trauma.
(872) 250-4675 View (872) 250-4675
Photo of Carllie Meeks, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Carllie Meeks
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60657
Envisioning my ideal client involves understanding the complexities of their experiences and recognizing their unique voyage towards healing and growth. Therapy is a journey and I am here on this road with you. My goal is for you to feel confident using the skills you inherently have to cultivate resilience, enhance self-awareness, and develop coping strategies to cope with adversity effectively. So come start your healing!
Envisioning my ideal client involves understanding the complexities of their experiences and recognizing their unique voyage towards healing and growth. Therapy is a journey and I am here on this road with you. My goal is for you to feel confident using the skills you inherently have to cultivate resilience, enhance self-awareness, and develop coping strategies to cope with adversity effectively. So come start your healing!
(872) 267-9832 View (872) 267-9832
Photo of NOCD - Therapists for OCD, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
NOCD - Therapists for OCD
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601  (Online Only)
Imagine what life would be like if you weren't bothered by OCD. NOCD is here to help you regain peace of mind. NOCD is a digital health company that’s focused on effectively treating people with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Inside the NOCD mobile app, you can work with one of our licensed mental health therapists with specialty training in OCD. When your therapist isn’t available, access support communities and therapeutic tools - so that you are never alone. NOCD’s protocol has been proven to reduce OCD severity by 40% in less than 10 weeks.
Imagine what life would be like if you weren't bothered by OCD. NOCD is here to help you regain peace of mind. NOCD is a digital health company that’s focused on effectively treating people with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Inside the NOCD mobile app, you can work with one of our licensed mental health therapists with specialty training in OCD. When your therapist isn’t available, access support communities and therapeutic tools - so that you are never alone. NOCD’s protocol has been proven to reduce OCD severity by 40% in less than 10 weeks.
(872) 231-0550 View (872) 231-0550
Photo of Shelley Skrypnyk, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Shelley Skrypnyk
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60634  (Online Only)
As a licensed therapist with over 15 years of experience, I specialize in helping people overcome anxiety, depression, life transitions and trauma. I’m here to help you develop the skills and strategies you need to manage your symptoms and achieve your goals. I am an active listener and I strive to understand you and your unique story to help us put the pieces of the puzzle together for lasting change.
As a licensed therapist with over 15 years of experience, I specialize in helping people overcome anxiety, depression, life transitions and trauma. I’m here to help you develop the skills and strategies you need to manage your symptoms and achieve your goals. I am an active listener and I strive to understand you and your unique story to help us put the pieces of the puzzle together for lasting change.
(708) 554-3903 View (708) 554-3903
Photo of Alison Mayer, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Alison Mayer
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60604
Alison Mayer (Ali) is a master’s level clinician at SpringSource Psychological Center, with her LCPC pending in 2023. Ali has spent the past four years working with adults and adolescents/pre-teens with eating disorders and their families. She is passionate about her work with this population and enjoys engaging the whole family system to promote change and recovery. Ali completed her undergraduate training at Michigan State University and received her MA at National Louis University in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. She is currently working towards becoming a Certified Eating Disorder Professional.
Alison Mayer (Ali) is a master’s level clinician at SpringSource Psychological Center, with her LCPC pending in 2023. Ali has spent the past four years working with adults and adolescents/pre-teens with eating disorders and their families. She is passionate about her work with this population and enjoys engaging the whole family system to promote change and recovery. Ali completed her undergraduate training at Michigan State University and received her MA at National Louis University in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. She is currently working towards becoming a Certified Eating Disorder Professional.
(630) 349-6263 View (630) 349-6263
Photo of Antonina (Nina) Lunetta in Chicago, IL
Antonina (Nina) Lunetta
MA, LCPC, NCC, IMH-E
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60611  (Online Only)
Relationships! We all have them, and at times, we all struggle with navigating them. As a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, I offer a relatable & validating space where I assist my clients in improving direct & healthy communication, setting personal and professional goals and boundaries, and identifying, processing, and addressing life obstacles as they arise. And hopefully a touch of humor too ;D Now accepting new clients - email for soonest availability. To read more about Antonina, go to: www.24-7pressrelease.com/press-release-service/495366
Relationships! We all have them, and at times, we all struggle with navigating them. As a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, I offer a relatable & validating space where I assist my clients in improving direct & healthy communication, setting personal and professional goals and boundaries, and identifying, processing, and addressing life obstacles as they arise. And hopefully a touch of humor too ;D Now accepting new clients - email for soonest availability. To read more about Antonina, go to: www.24-7pressrelease.com/press-release-service/495366
(312) 517-2940 View (312) 517-2940
Photo of Jennifer Telschow, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Jennifer Telschow
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60615  (Online Only)
Now accepting new clients! "Courage starts with showing up and letting ourselves be seen." -Brene Brown. As a therapist, I warmly welcome you as you are. My goal is to hold a safe space for you to support your intention for growth and healing as your witness and companion. Whether you are returning to therapy or beginning for the first time, together we will work to figure out what is holding you back and how to overcome it. I am an LGBTQIA+ affirmative therapist and value the intersection of individuals' identities - including gender, race, ethnicity, and sexuality.
Now accepting new clients! "Courage starts with showing up and letting ourselves be seen." -Brene Brown. As a therapist, I warmly welcome you as you are. My goal is to hold a safe space for you to support your intention for growth and healing as your witness and companion. Whether you are returning to therapy or beginning for the first time, together we will work to figure out what is holding you back and how to overcome it. I am an LGBTQIA+ affirmative therapist and value the intersection of individuals' identities - including gender, race, ethnicity, and sexuality.
(773) 923-0327 View (773) 923-0327
Photo of Lindsay Michelle Wolff, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Lindsay Michelle Wolff
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613
I work across many areas of expertise including mood disorders including depression and anxiety, adjusting to life transitions, couples conflict, LGBTQ issues, and relationship issues. I assist my clients in enhancing and building coping skills to manage their stressors. I also assist with providing a safe and therapeutic space for clients to process and reflect the challenges they are facing in their lives and provide supportive feedback.
I work across many areas of expertise including mood disorders including depression and anxiety, adjusting to life transitions, couples conflict, LGBTQ issues, and relationship issues. I assist my clients in enhancing and building coping skills to manage their stressors. I also assist with providing a safe and therapeutic space for clients to process and reflect the challenges they are facing in their lives and provide supportive feedback.
(773) 830-6803 View (773) 830-6803
Photo of Mada Leanga, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Mada Leanga
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60618  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I believe that my role as a counselor is to help others become congruent to their truth and find their own path. I focus on client strengths, and create a safe and supportive environment for insight and transformation to occur. I see myself as an empathic and intuitive listener, as well as a direct communicator. I can tell it as I see it, with tact and humor but I am also gentle and sensible. I find creative ways to challenge the barriers clients may encounter in their life journey. I believe in personal responsibility, and I see the counseling process as an active and collaborative one. I truly believe in a mind body connection.
I believe that my role as a counselor is to help others become congruent to their truth and find their own path. I focus on client strengths, and create a safe and supportive environment for insight and transformation to occur. I see myself as an empathic and intuitive listener, as well as a direct communicator. I can tell it as I see it, with tact and humor but I am also gentle and sensible. I find creative ways to challenge the barriers clients may encounter in their life journey. I believe in personal responsibility, and I see the counseling process as an active and collaborative one. I truly believe in a mind body connection.
(773) 782-6980 View (773) 782-6980
Photo of Karla K Ivankovich, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Karla K Ivankovich
Counselor, PhD, LCPC, NCC, BC-TMH, ACS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640
Over the past 20 years, I have practiced in a number of treatment settings as a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, board certified in traditional clinical mental health and online telehealth counseling services, in Chicago and surrounding areas. I have a PhD in Psychology and a Master's Degree in Human Development Counseling. I trained at the University of Illinois Springfield and North Central University and recently published a book. I work with all types of clients, from those with minor concerns to major mental illness. Whatever your concerns are, let's establish a plan and work toward your goals!
Over the past 20 years, I have practiced in a number of treatment settings as a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, board certified in traditional clinical mental health and online telehealth counseling services, in Chicago and surrounding areas. I have a PhD in Psychology and a Master's Degree in Human Development Counseling. I trained at the University of Illinois Springfield and North Central University and recently published a book. I work with all types of clients, from those with minor concerns to major mental illness. Whatever your concerns are, let's establish a plan and work toward your goals!
(312) 756-0405 View (312) 756-0405
Photo of Crystal Ortiz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Crystal Ortiz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60637
We've all been there: feeling lost in the darkness, or stuck with no sense of direction. Or maybe it's your sense of self that is taking a hit and you find yourself doubting your self-worth, your value, and your confidence is at an all-time low. We all have our own, unique struggles, and luckily there is hope. By being on this website and on this page right now, you are taking the first step to healing.
We've all been there: feeling lost in the darkness, or stuck with no sense of direction. Or maybe it's your sense of self that is taking a hit and you find yourself doubting your self-worth, your value, and your confidence is at an all-time low. We all have our own, unique struggles, and luckily there is hope. By being on this website and on this page right now, you are taking the first step to healing.
(872) 239-3466 x237 View (872) 239-3466 x237
Photo of Peace Through Hope Therapy, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Peace Through Hope Therapy
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60634  (Online Only)
If you can change your thoughts you can change your world. I believe that our day to day thoughts directly dictate our emotions and ultimately our decisions and actions. Whether it is childhood trauma, adult anxiety or postpartum depression, we can take captive every self-defeating thought and turn that negative narrative into a powerful and hopeful future. Regaining control over our thoughts and actions can provide such lasting peace and happiness. My focus is to thoroughly get to know my patients, by listening to and trying my best to understand their unique experiences, while working collaboratively toward agreed upon goals.
If you can change your thoughts you can change your world. I believe that our day to day thoughts directly dictate our emotions and ultimately our decisions and actions. Whether it is childhood trauma, adult anxiety or postpartum depression, we can take captive every self-defeating thought and turn that negative narrative into a powerful and hopeful future. Regaining control over our thoughts and actions can provide such lasting peace and happiness. My focus is to thoroughly get to know my patients, by listening to and trying my best to understand their unique experiences, while working collaboratively toward agreed upon goals.
(872) 266-1392 View (872) 266-1392
Photo of Kimberley Hogan, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Kimberley Hogan
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60611
I aspire to listen, understand, and guide each person I treat through the problems that are getting in the way of feeling more happy and fulfilled. Oftentimes, painful emotions or difficult relationships are the catalyst for someone to begin therapy. I work with each patient to alleviate the pain they are experiencing on a day-to-day basis while we ascertain the underlying emotional issues that may contribute to destructive patterns. This two-pronged approach is helpful in order to cope effectively with similar problems as they arise in the future.
I aspire to listen, understand, and guide each person I treat through the problems that are getting in the way of feeling more happy and fulfilled. Oftentimes, painful emotions or difficult relationships are the catalyst for someone to begin therapy. I work with each patient to alleviate the pain they are experiencing on a day-to-day basis while we ascertain the underlying emotional issues that may contribute to destructive patterns. This two-pronged approach is helpful in order to cope effectively with similar problems as they arise in the future.
(773) 219-0678 View (773) 219-0678
Photo of Johanna Jelenek, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Johanna Jelenek
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60614  (Online Only)
Johanna is a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor who earned her Master of Arts in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. She has experience working with couples and adults, specializing in depression, anxiety, chronic illness, substance abuse, grief and loss, eating disorders, and trauma informed care. Johanna emphasizes the therapeutic relationship as one of the most important factors in facilitating positive, holistic change. She is dedicated to building a non-judgmental, warm, and genuine environment that promotes trust and safety.
Johanna is a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor who earned her Master of Arts in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. She has experience working with couples and adults, specializing in depression, anxiety, chronic illness, substance abuse, grief and loss, eating disorders, and trauma informed care. Johanna emphasizes the therapeutic relationship as one of the most important factors in facilitating positive, holistic change. She is dedicated to building a non-judgmental, warm, and genuine environment that promotes trust and safety.
(872) 219-0360 View (872) 219-0360
Photo of Dr. Katherine Williams, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Dr. Katherine Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSW, PhD , LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60603
Are you struggling through your days or feel that your life and relationships could be more meaningful? Therapy could help you. I will work with you to manage distressing feelings and to understand the origin of your problems. Every patient enters therapy with a unique set of needs. I tailor treatment to address your needs and goals. By working in this way therapy opens you to a positive emotional experience which in turn transforms how you approach living your life. Therapy is an investment in your future and my commitment is to assist you to live a life of vitality.
Are you struggling through your days or feel that your life and relationships could be more meaningful? Therapy could help you. I will work with you to manage distressing feelings and to understand the origin of your problems. Every patient enters therapy with a unique set of needs. I tailor treatment to address your needs and goals. By working in this way therapy opens you to a positive emotional experience which in turn transforms how you approach living your life. Therapy is an investment in your future and my commitment is to assist you to live a life of vitality.
(630) 756-5199 View (630) 756-5199
Photo of Beth Elia, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Beth Elia
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602
During these trying times, I understand how anxiety, depression, relationship woes, physical and mental health challenges, and family strife can increase as if it's under a microscope! Individuals want and need internal working systems that help them do more than cope and survive, they need the strength and awareness to grow from trials and tribulations both within and outside of one's control.
During these trying times, I understand how anxiety, depression, relationship woes, physical and mental health challenges, and family strife can increase as if it's under a microscope! Individuals want and need internal working systems that help them do more than cope and survive, they need the strength and awareness to grow from trials and tribulations both within and outside of one's control.
(872) 278-6689 x2 View (872) 278-6689 x2

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.