Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Sara Clairmont, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Sara Clairmont
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60608
As a licensed clinical social worker, I believe it is important to start where the patient (or family) is in their therapeutic journey. I can help you explore and understand the emotional barriers in life and reach your full potential utilizing patient-centered and strengths-based approach to care.
As a licensed clinical social worker, I believe it is important to start where the patient (or family) is in their therapeutic journey. I can help you explore and understand the emotional barriers in life and reach your full potential utilizing patient-centered and strengths-based approach to care.
(312) 548-6349 View (312) 548-6349
Photo of Michelle Diaz, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Michelle Diaz
Counselor, LCPC, LPT-A
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60642
I am a licensed therapist focused on providing a compassionate and nurturing environment for self-exploration and goal-setting. I work collaboratively with adolescents, adults, and seniors through life transitions. Using cognitive-behavioral, mindfulness, and person-centered approaches, I guide individuals dealing with adjustment disorder, career transitions, depression, mood disorder, and anxiety.
I am a licensed therapist focused on providing a compassionate and nurturing environment for self-exploration and goal-setting. I work collaboratively with adolescents, adults, and seniors through life transitions. Using cognitive-behavioral, mindfulness, and person-centered approaches, I guide individuals dealing with adjustment disorder, career transitions, depression, mood disorder, and anxiety.
(708) 401-9889 View (708) 401-9889
Photo of Brenda N. Black, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Brenda N. Black
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, SEP
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60642  (Online Only)
Life is challenging and the unexpected happens. Issues from the past often play a role in the choices we make. We tend to repeat patterns, often unconsciously, which may no longer be helpful in our effort to move forward.
Life is challenging and the unexpected happens. Issues from the past often play a role in the choices we make. We tend to repeat patterns, often unconsciously, which may no longer be helpful in our effort to move forward.
(708) 556-2338 View (708) 556-2338
Photo of Sue Elizabeth Cook, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Sue Elizabeth Cook
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, MS, LAC, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60640  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I currently specialize in supporting neurodivergent and/or queer emerging adults as they navigate the anxieties and stressors of late stage capitalism. I particularly enjoy working with late-diagnosed or self-diagnosed autistic young adults. I also work with trauma survivors, people with chronic illnesses and pain, and LGBTQ2IA emerging adults. I am sex/kink/polyamory-positive, body-neutral, and sex-worker affirming. I strive to acknowledge and to combat the systemic impact of White supremacy, including its relationship to fatphobia, transphobia, and ableism.
I currently specialize in supporting neurodivergent and/or queer emerging adults as they navigate the anxieties and stressors of late stage capitalism. I particularly enjoy working with late-diagnosed or self-diagnosed autistic young adults. I also work with trauma survivors, people with chronic illnesses and pain, and LGBTQ2IA emerging adults. I am sex/kink/polyamory-positive, body-neutral, and sex-worker affirming. I strive to acknowledge and to combat the systemic impact of White supremacy, including its relationship to fatphobia, transphobia, and ableism.
(773) 729-6986 View (773) 729-6986
Photo of Dr. Briana Weisner, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Dr. Briana Weisner
Psychologist, PsyD, CCATP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60601  (Online Only)
Starting therapy and finding the right therapist can feel like a daunting task. I congratulate you on taking the first step and am glad you are here! A quick peek into what sessions with me involve: an unbiased, nonjudgmental place to express yourself, building specific coping skills to deal with stressors, psychoeducation, identifying and restructuring negative thinking styles, changing maladaptive behaviors, learning assertiveness skills, identifying and working towards important values in your life, building insight into unhelpful cyclical patterns, increasing self-esteem and confidence, and recognizing your own strengths.
Starting therapy and finding the right therapist can feel like a daunting task. I congratulate you on taking the first step and am glad you are here! A quick peek into what sessions with me involve: an unbiased, nonjudgmental place to express yourself, building specific coping skills to deal with stressors, psychoeducation, identifying and restructuring negative thinking styles, changing maladaptive behaviors, learning assertiveness skills, identifying and working towards important values in your life, building insight into unhelpful cyclical patterns, increasing self-esteem and confidence, and recognizing your own strengths.
(312) 626-4527 View (312) 626-4527
Photo of Dr. Kristina Hill, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Dr. Kristina Hill
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60601
Not accepting new clients
I have experience working with a wide verity of clients of various cultures, ages, and presenting concerns. My experience includes working with concerns such as; anxiety, depression, racial/cultural discrimination, trauma/PTSD, grief and loss, relationship concerns, career, and self-esteem. When one makes a choice to start healing they are taking a brave step. You don't have to do this work alone. I like to walk with my clients down the path toward healing and self development. I provide therapy from a collaborative model, thus I work with clients to define concerns and goals for their lives. Together we can meet your goals!
I have experience working with a wide verity of clients of various cultures, ages, and presenting concerns. My experience includes working with concerns such as; anxiety, depression, racial/cultural discrimination, trauma/PTSD, grief and loss, relationship concerns, career, and self-esteem. When one makes a choice to start healing they are taking a brave step. You don't have to do this work alone. I like to walk with my clients down the path toward healing and self development. I provide therapy from a collaborative model, thus I work with clients to define concerns and goals for their lives. Together we can meet your goals!
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Photo of Daniel Laluna, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Daniel Laluna
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60614
Dr. Daniel Laluna, Regional Clinical Director, is a licensed clinical psychologist, who has extensive experience and expertise providing neuropsychological/psychological testing, as well as therapy services for children, adolescents, and adults. He specializes in providing comprehensive testing evaluations (e. g. ADHD, Autism, IQ, Learning Disorders, Personality Disorders, Anxiety, Depression, Memory, and Pre-Surgical).
Dr. Daniel Laluna, Regional Clinical Director, is a licensed clinical psychologist, who has extensive experience and expertise providing neuropsychological/psychological testing, as well as therapy services for children, adolescents, and adults. He specializes in providing comprehensive testing evaluations (e. g. ADHD, Autism, IQ, Learning Disorders, Personality Disorders, Anxiety, Depression, Memory, and Pre-Surgical).
(872) 266-3719 View (872) 266-3719
Photo of Matthew William Hefferon, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Matthew William Hefferon
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657
When I was a child I had terrible anxiety and a wonderful professional helped me. So now, my passion is helping other children, couples, and families. I am a licensed clinical psychologist and neuropsychologist who believes in total mental health care for you, your partnership, and your children. I also have experience with the unique mental health needs of the LGBTQ community. I provide school consultation and advocacy as well. If you, your marriage, or your family is suffering from any number of problems including constant arguing, poor grades, sadness, anxiety, or inattention please consider my services.
When I was a child I had terrible anxiety and a wonderful professional helped me. So now, my passion is helping other children, couples, and families. I am a licensed clinical psychologist and neuropsychologist who believes in total mental health care for you, your partnership, and your children. I also have experience with the unique mental health needs of the LGBTQ community. I provide school consultation and advocacy as well. If you, your marriage, or your family is suffering from any number of problems including constant arguing, poor grades, sadness, anxiety, or inattention please consider my services.
(872) 213-7627 View (872) 213-7627
Photo of Dr. Elliott N. DeVore, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Dr. Elliott N. DeVore
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602
I work best with individuals and couples who yearn to increase emotional awareness and curiosity about their relationship patterns and coping with painful experiences. Emotions that underlie “default” relational responses are complex and often felt in the body. Engaging with and expressing a full range of emotions, I support clients in increasing congruence between how they feel and how the connect with others - something critical to finding contentment in secure relationships. Thus, I aim to help clients expand how they understand themselves and others through experiential emotional awareness and increased agency.
I work best with individuals and couples who yearn to increase emotional awareness and curiosity about their relationship patterns and coping with painful experiences. Emotions that underlie “default” relational responses are complex and often felt in the body. Engaging with and expressing a full range of emotions, I support clients in increasing congruence between how they feel and how the connect with others - something critical to finding contentment in secure relationships. Thus, I aim to help clients expand how they understand themselves and others through experiential emotional awareness and increased agency.
(312) 565-4053 x5 View (312) 565-4053 x5
Photo of Jacqueline Renee Anderson-Carter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Jacqueline Renee Anderson-Carter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60643
Not accepting new clients
I enjoy working with people dealing with life transitions, and those working to survive and thrive through trauma, depression, anxiety, and other oppressive life events and conditions. I have an affinity for those identifying with issues related to being a woman in a society that has been unkind to women. The people with whom I work want to reach their personal best and feel good about themselves and their lives. They also want to drop the "mask" and live authentically without regret.
I enjoy working with people dealing with life transitions, and those working to survive and thrive through trauma, depression, anxiety, and other oppressive life events and conditions. I have an affinity for those identifying with issues related to being a woman in a society that has been unkind to women. The people with whom I work want to reach their personal best and feel good about themselves and their lives. They also want to drop the "mask" and live authentically without regret.
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Photo of Karina Rodriguez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Karina Rodriguez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60609  (Online Only)
Hola, my name is Karina Rodriguez. I am a Licensed Clinical Social worker (LCSW), fluent in English and Spanish, with a background of working with adolescents and families in various situations including inpatient and partial hospitalization, residential facilities, private practice, and DCFS. I use a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy. I explore thoughts and their relationship to their emotions, believing that our interpretation of events creates our reality and contributes to the development of feelings that cause discomfort and distress.
Hola, my name is Karina Rodriguez. I am a Licensed Clinical Social worker (LCSW), fluent in English and Spanish, with a background of working with adolescents and families in various situations including inpatient and partial hospitalization, residential facilities, private practice, and DCFS. I use a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy. I explore thoughts and their relationship to their emotions, believing that our interpretation of events creates our reality and contributes to the development of feelings that cause discomfort and distress.
(309) 727-3842 View (309) 727-3842
Photo of Kat Kline, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Kat Kline
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CRSS, C-DBT
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60602  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Do you feel frustrated because you keep engaging in communication and behavior patterns that no longer serve you, or align with your values? Do you struggle with irritability, worry, poor focus, or memory problems? Do you find yourself experiencing problems with relationships, work, school, or life changes? If you're interested in learning new skills to manage stress/symptoms while effectively pursuing your goals, I might be able to help. Let's find ways you can thrive, not just survive.
Do you feel frustrated because you keep engaging in communication and behavior patterns that no longer serve you, or align with your values? Do you struggle with irritability, worry, poor focus, or memory problems? Do you find yourself experiencing problems with relationships, work, school, or life changes? If you're interested in learning new skills to manage stress/symptoms while effectively pursuing your goals, I might be able to help. Let's find ways you can thrive, not just survive.
(872) 204-1636 View (872) 204-1636
Photo of Dinko S Aleksandrov, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Dinko S Aleksandrov
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601
Not accepting new clients
My professional background was built on working with teenagers and young adults. In today's world, people migrate more than ever before and settle down later in life than previous generations have done. These new trends have forced us to redefine how we relate to one another and also to increase the number of social connections. Whether we are discussing anxiety, depression, procrastination, indecision, relationships, or existential dilemmas; I truly commit to helping people navigate through these complexities of modern-day life. It is honoring to be a part of their journey, and, in that, I feel blessed.
My professional background was built on working with teenagers and young adults. In today's world, people migrate more than ever before and settle down later in life than previous generations have done. These new trends have forced us to redefine how we relate to one another and also to increase the number of social connections. Whether we are discussing anxiety, depression, procrastination, indecision, relationships, or existential dilemmas; I truly commit to helping people navigate through these complexities of modern-day life. It is honoring to be a part of their journey, and, in that, I feel blessed.
(312) 756-0335 View (312) 756-0335
Photo of Dr. Alan M Jaffe, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Dr. Alan M Jaffe
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60602
A good fit between therapist and patient is an essential ingredient in forming an effective working alliance, assuming the therapist has strong academic credentials. That is why I encourage patients to do their research. The best way to determine whether people can work well together is to talk. There should be no charge for an initial phone consultation to evaluate this. If after a phone visit it doesn't feel like a good fit, I will help you find someone who is.
A good fit between therapist and patient is an essential ingredient in forming an effective working alliance, assuming the therapist has strong academic credentials. That is why I encourage patients to do their research. The best way to determine whether people can work well together is to talk. There should be no charge for an initial phone consultation to evaluate this. If after a phone visit it doesn't feel like a good fit, I will help you find someone who is.
(773) 280-7661 View (773) 280-7661
Photo of Marylu A. Halperin, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Marylu A. Halperin
Counselor, MA, MPH, RN, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602  (Online Only)
Choosing a therapist you feel you can work well with is critical to successful treatment. I offer a safe, collaborative, empathic & trusting relational space in which you can explore your issues and concerns without fear of judgment. We will work together to help you develop greater self-understanding, foster close, connected relationships, uncover thought & behavioral patterns that interfere with happiness, master coping skills and achieve the emotional vitality necessary to a healthy, productive and satisfying life. In addition to excellent training, I also bring life experience, wisdom, curiosity and compassion into treatment.
Choosing a therapist you feel you can work well with is critical to successful treatment. I offer a safe, collaborative, empathic & trusting relational space in which you can explore your issues and concerns without fear of judgment. We will work together to help you develop greater self-understanding, foster close, connected relationships, uncover thought & behavioral patterns that interfere with happiness, master coping skills and achieve the emotional vitality necessary to a healthy, productive and satisfying life. In addition to excellent training, I also bring life experience, wisdom, curiosity and compassion into treatment.
(312) 854-2751 View (312) 854-2751
Photo of Alexandra Stewart in Chicago, IL
Alexandra Stewart
MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60642
Walking down the path of self-discovery can have many obstacles– from doubting yourself, to past trauma, to feeling misunderstood by those around you. These circumstances can leave you with a handful of feelings. Guilt, exhaustion, doubt, anxiety, and isolation– floating in a space where life may feel dull, empty, or even like someone else’s. Feelings such as these can show themselves as anxious thoughts, loss of excitement, and living for those around you and not yourself. Believing that you’re the expert of your own story is where finding yourself and living the life you deserve begins.
Walking down the path of self-discovery can have many obstacles– from doubting yourself, to past trauma, to feeling misunderstood by those around you. These circumstances can leave you with a handful of feelings. Guilt, exhaustion, doubt, anxiety, and isolation– floating in a space where life may feel dull, empty, or even like someone else’s. Feelings such as these can show themselves as anxious thoughts, loss of excitement, and living for those around you and not yourself. Believing that you’re the expert of your own story is where finding yourself and living the life you deserve begins.
(312) 900-9708 View (312) 900-9708
Photo of Adam Shafer, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Adam Shafer
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60607  (Online Only)
I understand the healing process as one of self-determination through therapeutic empathy. Being curious while employing sensitive honesty makes me a good fit for people who are open to exploring deeper personal and interpersonal connections. The lens of attachment, psychodynamic theory, and existential thought within ecological and systemic perspectives help me appreciate the pressures that impact quality of life issues. I am interested in working with individuals, couples, and families from diverse cultural backgrounds who find themselves struggling in relationships, depression, anxiety, complex trauma, psychosis, and grief/loss.
I understand the healing process as one of self-determination through therapeutic empathy. Being curious while employing sensitive honesty makes me a good fit for people who are open to exploring deeper personal and interpersonal connections. The lens of attachment, psychodynamic theory, and existential thought within ecological and systemic perspectives help me appreciate the pressures that impact quality of life issues. I am interested in working with individuals, couples, and families from diverse cultural backgrounds who find themselves struggling in relationships, depression, anxiety, complex trauma, psychosis, and grief/loss.
(708) 887-2959 View (708) 887-2959
Mary Ann R Monahan
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60608
My approach is solution focused and strength based. I am nuturing and supportive and will work to build a relationship of mutual trust and respect in an environment that fosters growth and change. I will assist clients to become aware of alternative behaviors as they approach their treatment goals. Treatment goals will seek to increase an overall sense of well being and address challenges they face.
My approach is solution focused and strength based. I am nuturing and supportive and will work to build a relationship of mutual trust and respect in an environment that fosters growth and change. I will assist clients to become aware of alternative behaviors as they approach their treatment goals. Treatment goals will seek to increase an overall sense of well being and address challenges they face.
(872) 231-3319 View (872) 231-3319
Photo of Eleni Clavijo, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Eleni Clavijo
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, Reiki, Master
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657
What circumstances shifted you into this specific moment in time...to bring this bio into your awareness? Was it the guilt that has consumed you since morning of how you didn’t show up exactly how you envisioned being the best parent...or that you have become conscious to the burden of unrealistic expectations upon self and have decided to courageously dive into the depths of your shadows? Perhaps you have questions about self you never have had before and feeling like no one can relate. All you would like is for someone to hold space while you allow emotions like sadness or anger to flow and feel you are able to cry without shame!
What circumstances shifted you into this specific moment in time...to bring this bio into your awareness? Was it the guilt that has consumed you since morning of how you didn’t show up exactly how you envisioned being the best parent...or that you have become conscious to the burden of unrealistic expectations upon self and have decided to courageously dive into the depths of your shadows? Perhaps you have questions about self you never have had before and feeling like no one can relate. All you would like is for someone to hold space while you allow emotions like sadness or anger to flow and feel you are able to cry without shame!
(872) 241-2564 View (872) 241-2564
Photo of Josie Dangler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Josie Dangler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60601
Connecting with ourselves is a crucial and often overlooked practice. I understand the courage it requires to take this first step of reaching out. Starting or continuing therapy is a wonderful way to understand and address your mental health, hardships, and the effects of everyday life on your well-being. I hope to offer a compassionate and collaborative space that fosters connection and healing. In therapy, we will work together to set treatment goals and highlight your strengths. I will work with you to navigate and accept thoughts and feelings, which is essential when working toward positive change.
Connecting with ourselves is a crucial and often overlooked practice. I understand the courage it requires to take this first step of reaching out. Starting or continuing therapy is a wonderful way to understand and address your mental health, hardships, and the effects of everyday life on your well-being. I hope to offer a compassionate and collaborative space that fosters connection and healing. In therapy, we will work together to set treatment goals and highlight your strengths. I will work with you to navigate and accept thoughts and feelings, which is essential when working toward positive change.
(773) 729-6998 View (773) 729-6998

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.