Therapists in Chicago, IL

View neighborhoods in Chicago
Photo of Ivory Bustin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Ivory Bustin
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
12 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60609
As complex beings, we are created to synergistically function in wholeness in our spirit, soul, and body. When our souls are wounded by negative life experiences, we begin to believe lies about ourselves, the world around us, and God. This leads to the compounding of various negative symptomatic behaviors and thoughts, fueled by a corrupted belief system. It is in the uprooting of these lies through the Spirit of Truth that we find freedom and wholeness, while discovering our created value and purpose this side of Heaven.
As complex beings, we are created to synergistically function in wholeness in our spirit, soul, and body. When our souls are wounded by negative life experiences, we begin to believe lies about ourselves, the world around us, and God. This leads to the compounding of various negative symptomatic behaviors and thoughts, fueled by a corrupted belief system. It is in the uprooting of these lies through the Spirit of Truth that we find freedom and wholeness, while discovering our created value and purpose this side of Heaven.
(312) 800-1767 View (312) 800-1767
Photo of Gia Scalise in Chicago, IL
Gia Scalise
LSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60602
As a therapist and storyteller, I strongly believe that we are all the experts of our own stories. That being said, it can feel like someone else has taken up the pen during times of stress or emotional upheaval. Our stories aren’t linear and they don't exist in a vacuum; systems of power, privilege, and oppression, relationships, intersecting identities, and cultural values & norm can greatly affect the way in which we move through the world. My goal is to help you pick the pen back up, create a safe space for you to look at your experiences, and decide what role they will continue to play in your story.
As a therapist and storyteller, I strongly believe that we are all the experts of our own stories. That being said, it can feel like someone else has taken up the pen during times of stress or emotional upheaval. Our stories aren’t linear and they don't exist in a vacuum; systems of power, privilege, and oppression, relationships, intersecting identities, and cultural values & norm can greatly affect the way in which we move through the world. My goal is to help you pick the pen back up, create a safe space for you to look at your experiences, and decide what role they will continue to play in your story.
(312) 757-8770 x27 View (312) 757-8770 x27
Photo of Laura Hosto, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Laura Hosto
Counselor, MSEd, LCPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640
At times we all feel overwhelmed and challenged by life situations. For 24 years I've worked with clients to develop their cognitive-behavioral and insight oriented strengths. I can help you develop skills for better communication, relationship building, management of depression and anxiety, and coping with grief. My counseling style is supportive, compassionate and direct. I am available for any questions about the therapeutic process, just give me a call.
At times we all feel overwhelmed and challenged by life situations. For 24 years I've worked with clients to develop their cognitive-behavioral and insight oriented strengths. I can help you develop skills for better communication, relationship building, management of depression and anxiety, and coping with grief. My counseling style is supportive, compassionate and direct. I am available for any questions about the therapeutic process, just give me a call.
(773) 219-0656 View (773) 219-0656
Photo of Alexis Cross, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Alexis Cross
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60607
As a Marriage and Family Therapy (MFT) Intern, I specialize in working with couples and families navigating challenges, life transitions, relationship issues, and complex family dynamics. I strive to create a space that is safe, calm, inclusive, and rooted in acceptance.
As a Marriage and Family Therapy (MFT) Intern, I specialize in working with couples and families navigating challenges, life transitions, relationship issues, and complex family dynamics. I strive to create a space that is safe, calm, inclusive, and rooted in acceptance.
(773) 569-3899 View (773) 569-3899
Photo of Katie Magrino, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Katie Magrino
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60611
Hello there! I would love to hear from you about what's going on, and I think I can help. I am a licensed clinical professional counselor specializing in child, adolescent, adult, family, and couples psychotherapy. I provide treatment for psychological and emotional issues using an integrative Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) approach combined with a psychodynamic perspective. During crisis, it is important for my clients to have the skills to gracefully endure their suffering (the DBT component)--all the while keeping in mind the harder to see big picture where deeper issues occur at an unconscious level (the psychodynamic component).
Hello there! I would love to hear from you about what's going on, and I think I can help. I am a licensed clinical professional counselor specializing in child, adolescent, adult, family, and couples psychotherapy. I provide treatment for psychological and emotional issues using an integrative Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) approach combined with a psychodynamic perspective. During crisis, it is important for my clients to have the skills to gracefully endure their suffering (the DBT component)--all the while keeping in mind the harder to see big picture where deeper issues occur at an unconscious level (the psychodynamic component).
(773) 236-7921 View (773) 236-7921
Photo of Marlene Arteaga, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Marlene Arteaga
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60608
Life can sometimes feel overwhelming, exhausting, and filled with obstacles. I place emphasis on building trust and rapport with each person. I am a firm believer that each person deserves to work with someone who they can trust and freely open up with. My approach to therapy is to help you overcome those obstacles, reconnect with yourself, your loved ones, and your world. I find that there is a huge importance in ensuring that each person can find their voice and is able to use it to advocate for their needs. As a result of my history of working at Chicago Public Schools I have extensive experience helping children meet their goals
Life can sometimes feel overwhelming, exhausting, and filled with obstacles. I place emphasis on building trust and rapport with each person. I am a firm believer that each person deserves to work with someone who they can trust and freely open up with. My approach to therapy is to help you overcome those obstacles, reconnect with yourself, your loved ones, and your world. I find that there is a huge importance in ensuring that each person can find their voice and is able to use it to advocate for their needs. As a result of my history of working at Chicago Public Schools I have extensive experience helping children meet their goals
(773) 839-8975 x3 View (773) 839-8975 x3
Photo of Kelsey Schroeder, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Kelsey Schroeder
Psychologist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602
Throughout her clinical work, Kelsey has engaged in opportunities to offer therapeutic care within a variety of settings, including community mental health clinics, inpatient hospitals, and university/college counseling centers. She has been honored to work alongside clients seeking support regarding substance misuse, adjustment difficulties, relationship struggles, identity development, intimate partner violence, trauma, systemic oppression, and mental health diagnoses.
Throughout her clinical work, Kelsey has engaged in opportunities to offer therapeutic care within a variety of settings, including community mental health clinics, inpatient hospitals, and university/college counseling centers. She has been honored to work alongside clients seeking support regarding substance misuse, adjustment difficulties, relationship struggles, identity development, intimate partner violence, trauma, systemic oppression, and mental health diagnoses.
(312) 585-5781 View (312) 585-5781
Photo of Kirk Johnson, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Kirk Johnson
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60657
You are stressed with your personal life, relationships, or work and feel like you haven't tapped into your true potential. My name is Kirk Johnson and I'm a Licensed Counselor/Therapist. My clients typically start therapy to improve their stress/anxiety management, interpersonal relationships, identity exploration, self-confidence, and trauma response. Often times, clients need to go deeper to find meaning in their past and present experiences and the narratives they tell themselves. These crucial conversations can help stabilize big feelings, and build inner strength.
You are stressed with your personal life, relationships, or work and feel like you haven't tapped into your true potential. My name is Kirk Johnson and I'm a Licensed Counselor/Therapist. My clients typically start therapy to improve their stress/anxiety management, interpersonal relationships, identity exploration, self-confidence, and trauma response. Often times, clients need to go deeper to find meaning in their past and present experiences and the narratives they tell themselves. These crucial conversations can help stabilize big feelings, and build inner strength.
(773) 207-3895 View (773) 207-3895
Photo of City Counseling Center, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
City Counseling Center
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60615
Our work combines years of professional training, a diverse set of work experiences, and multiple clinical interests with a philosophy of supporting clients through the power of the therapeutic relationship. We don't believe in a "one size fits all" approach to therapy. Instead, we cherish the identity of each unique individual and believe in collaborating with clients to find the approach that best suits their needs. At City Counseling Center you will find a confidential space to be heard, supported, and to find change within yourself.
Our work combines years of professional training, a diverse set of work experiences, and multiple clinical interests with a philosophy of supporting clients through the power of the therapeutic relationship. We don't believe in a "one size fits all" approach to therapy. Instead, we cherish the identity of each unique individual and believe in collaborating with clients to find the approach that best suits their needs. At City Counseling Center you will find a confidential space to be heard, supported, and to find change within yourself.
(872) 246-7615 View (872) 246-7615
Photo of Reshma Rampersad, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Reshma Rampersad
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60611  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical psychologist and I provide individual, couples, and group therapy as well as psychological testing. I believe in a holistic approach to therapy allowing for the balancing of mind, body, and spirit. I place an emphasis on mindfulness and acceptance in my therapeutic approach allowing you to evolve in a meaningful way. Navigating that evolution can be difficult and uncomfortable, my job is to help you through that process. To facilitate your transformation I utilize Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Interpersonal Therapy.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist and I provide individual, couples, and group therapy as well as psychological testing. I believe in a holistic approach to therapy allowing for the balancing of mind, body, and spirit. I place an emphasis on mindfulness and acceptance in my therapeutic approach allowing you to evolve in a meaningful way. Navigating that evolution can be difficult and uncomfortable, my job is to help you through that process. To facilitate your transformation I utilize Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Interpersonal Therapy.
(331) 258-5675 View (331) 258-5675
Photo of Deborah E Barile, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Deborah E Barile
Counselor, MS, LCPC, CH, CADC, NCC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60622
During the past 20 plus years of helping others,regain their ability to live happy and productive lives. I design unique treatment plans for each client, guiding them towards identifying how their belief systems have not served them. With the goal to create new beliefs that could empower them to solve problems and have fulfilling lives. My practice is focused on Helping Couples improve their relationships, Working with individuals with Addictions,and using Hypnotherapy to change bothersome habits or explore their subconscious mind. I earned my Masters Degree in Counseling Psychology at the University of Dayton.
During the past 20 plus years of helping others,regain their ability to live happy and productive lives. I design unique treatment plans for each client, guiding them towards identifying how their belief systems have not served them. With the goal to create new beliefs that could empower them to solve problems and have fulfilling lives. My practice is focused on Helping Couples improve their relationships, Working with individuals with Addictions,and using Hypnotherapy to change bothersome habits or explore their subconscious mind. I earned my Masters Degree in Counseling Psychology at the University of Dayton.
(312) 882-1229 View (312) 882-1229
Photo of Nancy Gordon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Nancy Gordon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657
INSIGHT, SKILLS, SUPPORT. Strength-based. Solution focused. I work with clients of all ages using cognitive behavioral and mindfulness-based therapies along with guided imagery, dreamwork, and art. I believe that mindfulness can help to reduce negative thinking, worrying and self-criticism. These are bad habits - and they can be changed. I am skilled at teaching children/adults how to be more mindful instead of getting caught up in harmful, unproductive thoughts that lead to self defeating actions.
INSIGHT, SKILLS, SUPPORT. Strength-based. Solution focused. I work with clients of all ages using cognitive behavioral and mindfulness-based therapies along with guided imagery, dreamwork, and art. I believe that mindfulness can help to reduce negative thinking, worrying and self-criticism. These are bad habits - and they can be changed. I am skilled at teaching children/adults how to be more mindful instead of getting caught up in harmful, unproductive thoughts that lead to self defeating actions.
(773) 234-3943 View (773) 234-3943
Photo of Cherrell Gayles, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Cherrell Gayles
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60611
Cherrell Gayles is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Illinois who has been practicing since 2019. She has an MS in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. Cherrell practicies from a holistic and individually focused lens. She likes to uncover more about the client's life experiences to gain a better understanding of how they would like to plan to move on to create a better quality of life. In her free time, Cherrell enjoys drawing, painting, writing poetry/stories, cooking, gardening, and traveling.
Cherrell Gayles is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Illinois who has been practicing since 2019. She has an MS in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. Cherrell practicies from a holistic and individually focused lens. She likes to uncover more about the client's life experiences to gain a better understanding of how they would like to plan to move on to create a better quality of life. In her free time, Cherrell enjoys drawing, painting, writing poetry/stories, cooking, gardening, and traveling.
(872) 395-4985 View (872) 395-4985
Photo of Alexis Sanders, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Alexis Sanders
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60647
Hi there, I'm Alexis Sanders, and I'm here to be your dedicated partner on your journey to personal growth and emotional well-being. My passion lies in helping individuals like you understand their thoughts, behaviors, and communication styles, and I'm committed to guiding you through life's challenges with unwavering support
Hi there, I'm Alexis Sanders, and I'm here to be your dedicated partner on your journey to personal growth and emotional well-being. My passion lies in helping individuals like you understand their thoughts, behaviors, and communication styles, and I'm committed to guiding you through life's challenges with unwavering support
(312) 945-0149 View (312) 945-0149
Photo of Beckie Fischer, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Beckie Fischer
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657
I am a licensed clinical professional counselor (LCPC) licensed in Illinois with over 18 years of experience. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, infertility, parenting difficulties, career challenges, OCD and PTSD/trauma. I have a specialization in working with victims of crime (physical/sexual abuse and traumatic grief and loss) as well as law enforcement/military members and their significant others and children.
I am a licensed clinical professional counselor (LCPC) licensed in Illinois with over 18 years of experience. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, infertility, parenting difficulties, career challenges, OCD and PTSD/trauma. I have a specialization in working with victims of crime (physical/sexual abuse and traumatic grief and loss) as well as law enforcement/military members and their significant others and children.
(773) 974-4141 View (773) 974-4141
Photo of Mycah Hoaglin, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Mycah Hoaglin
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, QMHP
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60622
There are a few golden threads tying us together, serving as reminders of our most universal experience; a desire to be truly seen and heard by others, and to understand ourselves. To pursue these ideals, often, means you may be feeling lost, as if you're constantly performing for others or on display, lonesome, a lack of authenticity, as if there's a disconnect between you and "them", an inability to form or maintain meaningful, stable relationships, frustration, shame, self-hatred, self-sabotaging patterns of behavior. The connection between these is the healing in-between. One requires the other and you don't have to go it alone.
There are a few golden threads tying us together, serving as reminders of our most universal experience; a desire to be truly seen and heard by others, and to understand ourselves. To pursue these ideals, often, means you may be feeling lost, as if you're constantly performing for others or on display, lonesome, a lack of authenticity, as if there's a disconnect between you and "them", an inability to form or maintain meaningful, stable relationships, frustration, shame, self-hatred, self-sabotaging patterns of behavior. The connection between these is the healing in-between. One requires the other and you don't have to go it alone.
(773) 923-2950 View (773) 923-2950
Photo of Joshua Bird-Martinez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Joshua Bird-Martinez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60661  (Online Only)
Our experiences don't define us, but rather they shape how we navigate our lives and relationships. The journey into therapy can feel overwhelming, requiring us to open up to a stranger and share our most challenging moments. My goal is to work collaboratively with you to learn about those challenges and how to best support you as you embark on this journey of healing.
Our experiences don't define us, but rather they shape how we navigate our lives and relationships. The journey into therapy can feel overwhelming, requiring us to open up to a stranger and share our most challenging moments. My goal is to work collaboratively with you to learn about those challenges and how to best support you as you embark on this journey of healing.
(773) 389-1916 View (773) 389-1916
Photo of Nora Murphy, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Nora Murphy
Counselor, LCPC, MA, MEd
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60640
Not accepting new clients
I believe counseling is one of the greatest gifts we can give to ourselves. My goal as a therapist is to help clients live happier, healthier and more productive lives. Through the use of various psychotherapy methods and collaborative treatment measures, clients can develop life-changing habits to help cope with any of life’s various obstacles. My therapy sessions are designed to address personal issues and help you gain a more positive sense of self, learn more effective coping strategies to deal with stress and discomfort, and strengthen your relationships.
I believe counseling is one of the greatest gifts we can give to ourselves. My goal as a therapist is to help clients live happier, healthier and more productive lives. Through the use of various psychotherapy methods and collaborative treatment measures, clients can develop life-changing habits to help cope with any of life’s various obstacles. My therapy sessions are designed to address personal issues and help you gain a more positive sense of self, learn more effective coping strategies to deal with stress and discomfort, and strengthen your relationships.
(872) 228-2465 View (872) 228-2465
Photo of Eric Wren, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chicago, IL
Eric Wren
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60661  (Online Only)
My clinical interests include working with individuals experiencing relationship issues, depression & anxiety, body image concerns, and life transitions. As a clinician, I approach my work with warmth, empathy, humor and logic & greatly value the therapeutic relationship. I am LGBTQIA+ affirming and committed to practicing with cultural humility. I consider it a privilege to work with people with varying backgrounds and identities.
My clinical interests include working with individuals experiencing relationship issues, depression & anxiety, body image concerns, and life transitions. As a clinician, I approach my work with warmth, empathy, humor and logic & greatly value the therapeutic relationship. I am LGBTQIA+ affirming and committed to practicing with cultural humility. I consider it a privilege to work with people with varying backgrounds and identities.
(773) 790-4868 View (773) 790-4868
Photo of Presencing Therapy PLLC, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Presencing Therapy PLLC
Counselor, LCPC
Not Verified Not Verified
Chicago, IL 60660
**How many cookies are too many at once? Am I a bad parent, or have a bad kid? Am I too much for people? Not enough? Why don’t other people have these problems? I can’t deal with this anymore. Why aren’t I better yet? Why do people say I need a therapist? I don’t want someone telling me how to live. I’ve done/been through things no one can ever know.** Whether within ourselves, or from peer/romantic/family relationships, we may experience increasingly uncomfortable thoughts/feelings/actions. And, whether sometimes or constant, "what's wrong with me" and "how/when will it be better" may become the most uncomfortable thoughts to hold.
**How many cookies are too many at once? Am I a bad parent, or have a bad kid? Am I too much for people? Not enough? Why don’t other people have these problems? I can’t deal with this anymore. Why aren’t I better yet? Why do people say I need a therapist? I don’t want someone telling me how to live. I’ve done/been through things no one can ever know.** Whether within ourselves, or from peer/romantic/family relationships, we may experience increasingly uncomfortable thoughts/feelings/actions. And, whether sometimes or constant, "what's wrong with me" and "how/when will it be better" may become the most uncomfortable thoughts to hold.
(872) 204-2394 View (872) 204-2394

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.