Photo of Josh Hall, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Fair Oaks, CA
Josh Hall
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MDiv, AMFT
Verified Verified
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
I am passionate about helping my clients work through challenges, get unstuck, become the best version of themselves, and flourish in all arenas of life. I am available to meet with you online or in person at our offices in Fair Oaks, CA.
I am passionate about helping my clients work through challenges, get unstuck, become the best version of themselves, and flourish in all arenas of life. I am available to meet with you online or in person at our offices in Fair Oaks, CA.
(279) 759-0172 View (279) 759-0172
Photo of Ralph E Rast, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Ralph E Rast
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CHT, Coach
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
I offer individual, couples, and family therapy, hypnosis, and Life Purpose/Career Coaching I enjoy doing counseling sessions with adults or minors regardless of their spiritual beliefs. I care about my clients and their goals! (see my website www.Counseling-Coaching for your success.com for more info).
I offer individual, couples, and family therapy, hypnosis, and Life Purpose/Career Coaching I enjoy doing counseling sessions with adults or minors regardless of their spiritual beliefs. I care about my clients and their goals! (see my website www.Counseling-Coaching for your success.com for more info).
(916) 544-3061 View (916) 544-3061

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Innate Guidance, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Innate Guidance
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95826
Utilizing mindfulness, trauma informed care, addressing anger, as well as delinquent behavior.
If you have a change you want to make and need encouragement, I can help. We can work together to make a change. As we get to know each other, and build a therapeutic relationship, we will look at how the problem is impacting your life. We can collaborate on solutions that will help your progress. I am here to help facilitate your success and encourage you in times you feel stuck. I will challenge you, but in a very caring and supportive way. Let's work together to ensure your progress.
Utilizing mindfulness, trauma informed care, addressing anger, as well as delinquent behavior.
If you have a change you want to make and need encouragement, I can help. We can work together to make a change. As we get to know each other, and build a therapeutic relationship, we will look at how the problem is impacting your life. We can collaborate on solutions that will help your progress. I am here to help facilitate your success and encourage you in times you feel stuck. I will challenge you, but in a very caring and supportive way. Let's work together to ensure your progress.
(916) 621-6028 View (916) 621-6028
Photo of Signe Schiavo, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Signe Schiavo
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Folsom, CA 95630
I conceptualize most problems and obstacles from a cognitive behavioral approach.
You are one step closer to a new you where you feel empowered and on a positive path to growth and well-being. As a therapist, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and be the best version of yourself. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to resolve hindrances that challenge in your life may have caused. I enjoy working with teenagers, young and mid-age adults, alike, males and females. I have many years of experience working with adults dealing with depressive and/or anxious symptoms, stress, relationship problems, and phase of life transitions.
I conceptualize most problems and obstacles from a cognitive behavioral approach.
You are one step closer to a new you where you feel empowered and on a positive path to growth and well-being. As a therapist, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and be the best version of yourself. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to resolve hindrances that challenge in your life may have caused. I enjoy working with teenagers, young and mid-age adults, alike, males and females. I have many years of experience working with adults dealing with depressive and/or anxious symptoms, stress, relationship problems, and phase of life transitions.
(626) 784-6943 View (626) 784-6943
Photo of Mandi Michele Oliphant, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Mandi Michele Oliphant
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, ATR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Folsom, CA 95630  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
My professional training includes expertise in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT).
I am honored to come alongside clients to help them achieve their therapy goals. By collaborating, I assist clients in formulating goals and we work on meeting them together. My experience has equipped me to assist clients with managing anxiety, refining coping skills, regulating depression, alleviating stress, and dealing with conflict. I aim to give my clients the tools to thrive and empower them to take action. I enjoy working with adolescents, young adults, and women. Specifically, I am passionate about supporting mothers as they navigate the challenges of parenthood and the stressors involved in care giving.
My professional training includes expertise in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT).
I am honored to come alongside clients to help them achieve their therapy goals. By collaborating, I assist clients in formulating goals and we work on meeting them together. My experience has equipped me to assist clients with managing anxiety, refining coping skills, regulating depression, alleviating stress, and dealing with conflict. I aim to give my clients the tools to thrive and empower them to take action. I enjoy working with adolescents, young adults, and women. Specifically, I am passionate about supporting mothers as they navigate the challenges of parenthood and the stressors involved in care giving.
(279) 203-0748 View (279) 203-0748
Photo of Jonathan Venn, Psychologist in Fair Oaks, CA
Jonathan Venn
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Roseville, CA 95661  (Online Only)
He has studied many therapies including psychoanalysis, family systems therapy, Internal Family Systems therapy, hypnosis, mindfulness, and cognitive behavior therapy.
Dr. Venn has been providing psychological services since 1971. He was a military officer, served on the staff of a Fortune 500 Corporation, served on the staffs or faculties of seven universities, was employed by three State agencies, owned his own practice for 23 years, held a variety of State and federal contracts, and retired from two State governments. He is licensed to practice Psychology in four States and is board-certified by ABPP in clinical psychology and forensic psychology. He has treated thousands of patients. His book, Crime and Psychology: Foundations of Forensic Practice, was published by Routledge in 2024.
He has studied many therapies including psychoanalysis, family systems therapy, Internal Family Systems therapy, hypnosis, mindfulness, and cognitive behavior therapy.
Dr. Venn has been providing psychological services since 1971. He was a military officer, served on the staff of a Fortune 500 Corporation, served on the staffs or faculties of seven universities, was employed by three State agencies, owned his own practice for 23 years, held a variety of State and federal contracts, and retired from two State governments. He is licensed to practice Psychology in four States and is board-certified by ABPP in clinical psychology and forensic psychology. He has treated thousands of patients. His book, Crime and Psychology: Foundations of Forensic Practice, was published by Routledge in 2024.
(916) 943-4610 View (916) 943-4610
Photo of Janene Kingsley, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Fair Oaks, CA
Janene Kingsley
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, APCC, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
If you have come to this spot, I know you are hurting in ways people often can’t see and seeking direction. I also know this might be hard for you. I can help you find the silver lining in your pain and suffering. I can help you understand what’s happening in your brain and reduce your stress. I can help you change your brain. I have specialized training and experience in Relationships, Personality Disorders, Addiction Recovery, Disorders of the Brain, Behavior issues with children and teens, Abuse and Trauma Recovery. I hope to help you find greater joy and meaning in this life by utilizing multiple therapy practices.
If you have come to this spot, I know you are hurting in ways people often can’t see and seeking direction. I also know this might be hard for you. I can help you find the silver lining in your pain and suffering. I can help you understand what’s happening in your brain and reduce your stress. I can help you change your brain. I have specialized training and experience in Relationships, Personality Disorders, Addiction Recovery, Disorders of the Brain, Behavior issues with children and teens, Abuse and Trauma Recovery. I hope to help you find greater joy and meaning in this life by utilizing multiple therapy practices.
(916) 884-2802 View (916) 884-2802
Photo of Beth Faulkner, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Beth Faulkner
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95838
I primarily use a cognitive behavioral approach assisting clients to identify patterns of thinking and behaviors that keep us stuck and in identifying inner strengths that allow us to problem solve and utilize healthier tools that lead to happier lives.
Hello! My name is Beth Faulkner, and I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 25 years of experience. I specialize in helping adults 18 and over with feelings of depression and sadness, feelings of anxiousness in various situations, the overwhelming feelings of stress, the grief of loss and with many relationship issues. My goal for my clients is to develop new ways of thinking and behaving and gaining the tools for healthier relationships. I welcome the opportunity to assist you on your path to healing.
I primarily use a cognitive behavioral approach assisting clients to identify patterns of thinking and behaviors that keep us stuck and in identifying inner strengths that allow us to problem solve and utilize healthier tools that lead to happier lives.
Hello! My name is Beth Faulkner, and I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 25 years of experience. I specialize in helping adults 18 and over with feelings of depression and sadness, feelings of anxiousness in various situations, the overwhelming feelings of stress, the grief of loss and with many relationship issues. My goal for my clients is to develop new ways of thinking and behaving and gaining the tools for healthier relationships. I welcome the opportunity to assist you on your path to healing.
(341) 999-3577 View (341) 999-3577
Photo of Kaellen Grace Lamonte, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Kaellen Grace Lamonte
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Roseville, CA 95678
I enjoy working with clients impacted by trauma stress depression anxiety and struggling with life's challenges. The therapeutic relationship is the cornerstone of health, wellbeing and success. I use therapeutic modalities of cognitive behavioral therapy, client centered therapy, relationship building practices which include supporting clients' Individual values and cultural experiences. I also am trained in dialectical behavioral therapy and trauma focused therapy. I work with all ages from approximately 8 years old to 100 years old. I am empathic, caring, supportive and resourceful
I enjoy working with clients impacted by trauma stress depression anxiety and struggling with life's challenges. The therapeutic relationship is the cornerstone of health, wellbeing and success. I use therapeutic modalities of cognitive behavioral therapy, client centered therapy, relationship building practices which include supporting clients' Individual values and cultural experiences. I also am trained in dialectical behavioral therapy and trauma focused therapy. I work with all ages from approximately 8 years old to 100 years old. I am empathic, caring, supportive and resourceful
(916) 525-8640 View (916) 525-8640
Photo of Madison Greenwood, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Madison Greenwood
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Rancho Cordova, CA 95670
I believe in your capacity to heal, I strive to create a space filled with compassion and grace. I specialize in Brainspotting, which is a powerful therapy that can help clients with a variety of issues. Clients seeking relief from depression, anxiety, PTDS, Trauma, or need a place to go to share life’s stressors with, this is the place for you. Clients who are ready to dive into their work and reach the root cause of their pain will be met with openness and a nonjudgmental environment. I believe in the client lead approach to therapy, where you get to be empowered and find your own inner strength.
I believe in your capacity to heal, I strive to create a space filled with compassion and grace. I specialize in Brainspotting, which is a powerful therapy that can help clients with a variety of issues. Clients seeking relief from depression, anxiety, PTDS, Trauma, or need a place to go to share life’s stressors with, this is the place for you. Clients who are ready to dive into their work and reach the root cause of their pain will be met with openness and a nonjudgmental environment. I believe in the client lead approach to therapy, where you get to be empowered and find your own inner strength.
(530) 288-4816 View (530) 288-4816
Photo of Heart Wide Open Wellness - Holistic Therapy Center, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Heart Wide Open Wellness - Holistic Therapy Center
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Folsom, CA 95630
Are you ready to make the most of your one beautiful life? Are you ready to heal whatever has been holding you back from living the life you imagine? At Heart Wide Open Wellness we focus on how to help you build the confidence and learn the tools required for you to embrace your true potential. We believe in the possibility of change and support our clients in taking radical ownership of their lives, minds and spirits. We specialize in holistic and somatic modalities designed for lasting results.
Are you ready to make the most of your one beautiful life? Are you ready to heal whatever has been holding you back from living the life you imagine? At Heart Wide Open Wellness we focus on how to help you build the confidence and learn the tools required for you to embrace your true potential. We believe in the possibility of change and support our clients in taking radical ownership of their lives, minds and spirits. We specialize in holistic and somatic modalities designed for lasting results.
(916) 848-7332 View (916) 848-7332
Photo of Kathleen Gallagher Jones, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Kathleen Gallagher Jones
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Folsom, CA 95630
I feel incredibly fortunate to help my clients find the freedom to live a life of their choosing, improve their relationship with self and others, and find peace. I use brain-based therapies proven to uncover and address issues that talk therapy can take years to heal. In doing so I help children, teens and adults overcome challenges that keep them stuck in negative patterns. Often traumas are at the root of these negative patterns. By offering Brainspotting, a cutting-edge therapy that evolved from EMDR, trauma is accessed, processed and released. This is life-changing. This is freedom.
I feel incredibly fortunate to help my clients find the freedom to live a life of their choosing, improve their relationship with self and others, and find peace. I use brain-based therapies proven to uncover and address issues that talk therapy can take years to heal. In doing so I help children, teens and adults overcome challenges that keep them stuck in negative patterns. Often traumas are at the root of these negative patterns. By offering Brainspotting, a cutting-edge therapy that evolved from EMDR, trauma is accessed, processed and released. This is life-changing. This is freedom.
(916) 461-8985 View (916) 461-8985
Photo of Leslie Haws, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Leslie Haws
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, CSAT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Gold River, CA 95670
Leslie earned a B.A. degree with honors in Sociology and Political Science in 1986 and in 1996 completed a Master's in Education with a specialty in Marriage and Family Therapy from the University of San Francisco. Since 1998 she has offered cutting edge and integrative therapy to clients in her private practice-New Bridge Counseling Services. In 2005 she became the Executive Director of LifeSTAR Sacramento Counseling Agency bringing the LifeSTAR network program to the greater Sacramento area.
Leslie earned a B.A. degree with honors in Sociology and Political Science in 1986 and in 1996 completed a Master's in Education with a specialty in Marriage and Family Therapy from the University of San Francisco. Since 1998 she has offered cutting edge and integrative therapy to clients in her private practice-New Bridge Counseling Services. In 2005 she became the Executive Director of LifeSTAR Sacramento Counseling Agency bringing the LifeSTAR network program to the greater Sacramento area.
(916) 507-0922 View (916) 507-0922
Photo of Jeremy Bouris, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Fair Oaks, CA
Jeremy Bouris
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, MA, MDiv
Verified Verified
Roseville, CA 95661
If you're struggling with unwanted sexual behaviors, working to restore a marriage or processing childhood trauma I'd love to come alongside you in that journey. If you'd love to break free from old cycles and hangups, and want to live a life of purpose and connection with those you love most I can help.
If you're struggling with unwanted sexual behaviors, working to restore a marriage or processing childhood trauma I'd love to come alongside you in that journey. If you'd love to break free from old cycles and hangups, and want to live a life of purpose and connection with those you love most I can help.
(530) 236-6833 View (530) 236-6833
Photo of Kristen Telon, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Kristen Telon
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95826
Hi I'm Kristen Telon, a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I am a huge advocate for early intervention and looking into childhood for answers to issues in adulthood. I am very passionate about being a therapist and being here to help my clients by being there for them through their journey. My approach to therapy is client-centered because I want to tailor my approach to each clients unique situation. My favorite therapy modalities are CBT, DBT, IFS, EMDR, Family systems, and EFT.
Hi I'm Kristen Telon, a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I am a huge advocate for early intervention and looking into childhood for answers to issues in adulthood. I am very passionate about being a therapist and being here to help my clients by being there for them through their journey. My approach to therapy is client-centered because I want to tailor my approach to each clients unique situation. My favorite therapy modalities are CBT, DBT, IFS, EMDR, Family systems, and EFT.
(760) 273-3117 View (760) 273-3117
Photo of Infidelity; Betrayal Trauma; Rebuild Trust, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Infidelity; Betrayal Trauma; Rebuild Trust
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CPD-TS
Verified Verified
Roseville, CA 95678  (Online Only)
BRINK OF BREAKUP OR DIVORCE; INFIDELITY; PARTNER BETRAYAL; DECEPTION, LIES, SECRECY; NARCISSIST TRAITS; CODEPENDENCY; TOXIC LOVE ATTACHMENT: Can you bounce back and heal from partner infidelity or betrayal? Can you feel better and rebuild trust again? Can your relationship or marriage become stronger and more connected after the devastating discovery of infidelity and betrayal? ABSOLUTELY! Majority of relationships not only survive infidelity, but many relationships & marriages can become stronger and more intimate after undergoing infidelity couples counseling/coaching process with a competent couples therapist/counselor/coach.
BRINK OF BREAKUP OR DIVORCE; INFIDELITY; PARTNER BETRAYAL; DECEPTION, LIES, SECRECY; NARCISSIST TRAITS; CODEPENDENCY; TOXIC LOVE ATTACHMENT: Can you bounce back and heal from partner infidelity or betrayal? Can you feel better and rebuild trust again? Can your relationship or marriage become stronger and more connected after the devastating discovery of infidelity and betrayal? ABSOLUTELY! Majority of relationships not only survive infidelity, but many relationships & marriages can become stronger and more intimate after undergoing infidelity couples counseling/coaching process with a competent couples therapist/counselor/coach.
(424) 532-7724 View (424) 532-7724
Photo of Insights Counseling Group, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Insights Counseling Group
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT, ED
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Roseville, CA 95661
Insights Counseling Group, is a non profit staffed with therapists and interns who have life experience and know first hand that losses occur from transitions like divorce, adoption, childbirth, career loss, & retirement. Many times these losses are compounded over time building compounded trauma. Insights offers EMDR, creative expression, & psychotherapy to help you normalize uncomfortable feelings and cope with changes and to further integrate trauma. Together we create a plan to get you closer to living out your truth & your core values. We can help you attain your goals.
Insights Counseling Group, is a non profit staffed with therapists and interns who have life experience and know first hand that losses occur from transitions like divorce, adoption, childbirth, career loss, & retirement. Many times these losses are compounded over time building compounded trauma. Insights offers EMDR, creative expression, & psychotherapy to help you normalize uncomfortable feelings and cope with changes and to further integrate trauma. Together we create a plan to get you closer to living out your truth & your core values. We can help you attain your goals.
(530) 240-7454 View (530) 240-7454
Photo of Alcira Ascencio- Spanish Speaking, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Alcira Ascencio- Spanish Speaking
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95827
Not accepting new clients
You made the decision to look for a therapist, nice! Whether this is your first time wondering into the world of therapy, it's time for an emotional tune-up, or the pain of what happened has grown to be too much, I am truly happy you are reaching out. I deeply believe that it is within safe relationships that we can attain our greatest insights and have the most healing experiences. So if you, or a loved one, is struggling with anxiety, difficult memories, nightmares, ongoing worries, deep sadness, stuck in patterns that no longer serve your goals, or find yourself acting in ways that sabotage your present, then I can help.
You made the decision to look for a therapist, nice! Whether this is your first time wondering into the world of therapy, it's time for an emotional tune-up, or the pain of what happened has grown to be too much, I am truly happy you are reaching out. I deeply believe that it is within safe relationships that we can attain our greatest insights and have the most healing experiences. So if you, or a loved one, is struggling with anxiety, difficult memories, nightmares, ongoing worries, deep sadness, stuck in patterns that no longer serve your goals, or find yourself acting in ways that sabotage your present, then I can help.
(916) 589-6114 View (916) 589-6114

Online Therapists

Photo of Nora Jennings, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Nora Jennings
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Stockton, CA 95210
I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who is focused on helping clients learn tools to achieve their goals, provide, and support hope and healing in a non-judgmental environment. I often work with issues of stress, anxiety, depression, relationships, and personal conflicts. I also have experience in dual diagnosis and addictions. Also, use tools regarding faith-based therapies. I use various approaches depending on the client and progress. I often use solution-focused therapy, cognitive behavioral, and psychodynamic approaches. I also have experience in faith-based therapies.
I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who is focused on helping clients learn tools to achieve their goals, provide, and support hope and healing in a non-judgmental environment. I often work with issues of stress, anxiety, depression, relationships, and personal conflicts. I also have experience in dual diagnosis and addictions. Also, use tools regarding faith-based therapies. I use various approaches depending on the client and progress. I often use solution-focused therapy, cognitive behavioral, and psychodynamic approaches. I also have experience in faith-based therapies.
(661) 486-5354 View (661) 486-5354
Photo of Heidi Huffman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fair Oaks, CA
Heidi Huffman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
South San Francisco, CA 94080
I use talk therapy (CBT), Narrative, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Trauma Focused, and Positive Psychology approaches most often.
Heidi Huffman, LCSW 82128. My approach to therapy is based on an individual’s needs and comfort level. I was a licensed vocational nurse (LVN) for many years prior to returning to college to earn a Master’s Degree in Social Work.
I use talk therapy (CBT), Narrative, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Trauma Focused, and Positive Psychology approaches most often.
Heidi Huffman, LCSW 82128. My approach to therapy is based on an individual’s needs and comfort level. I was a licensed vocational nurse (LVN) for many years prior to returning to college to earn a Master’s Degree in Social Work.
(650) 648-7114 View (650) 648-7114

Behavioral Issues Therapists

What happens in therapy for behavioral issues?

No matter the type of therapy, individuals form an alliance with the therapist; that connection is often therapeutic in itself, plus it becomes an instrument of change. Individuals learn to identify situations that are especially troublesome for them and acquire new patterns of thinking and behaving. In therapy for ADHD, one of the most common behavior issues for children, individuals learn how to improve frustration tolerance, control impulsivity, manage attentional focus, and gain skills of self-organisation.

What therapy types help with behavioral issues?

Many types of therapy have been found effective, each targeting one or more areas of dysfunction. Perhaps best-known and most widely tested is cognitive and behavioral therapy (CBT), in which individuals learn new behavioral strategies and curb reactivity to frustrating or distressing situations that trigger disruptive behaviour. Anger, anxiety, mood disorders, impulse control problems are commonly addressed in CBT. Family therapy or parent management training is often helpful to reduce parent-child conflict and behavioral difficulties at home.

How long does therapy last for behavioral issues?

Among popular approaches to treating behavioral concerns, CBT is considered a short-term therapy intended to be administered in 15 to 20 weekly sessions. Parent training in behavior management, often used when the underlying cause of behavior issues is ADHD in children under 12, usually occurs in weekly sessions for 8 to 16 weeks. When behavioral issues stem from persistent aggression or defiance, therapy may last for months, and usually targets both children and their parents.

How effective is therapy for behavior issues?

Studies show that therapy for behavior issues in children is highly effective and may prevent the development of antisocial behavior later in life. Family intervention—parent management training or family therapy, both of which involve parents and children together—is considered most effective, notably for children under age 12 who persistently engage in aggressive, defiant, rule-breaking or other disruptive behavior. Whether provided alone or in combination with medication, CBT is highly effective in helping people regulate their emotions, and for people with ADHD, it addresses impulsiveness, hyperactivity and attentional focus.