Therapists in Cuyahoga County, OH

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Photo of Kindred Harbor Behavioral Health, Counselor in Cuyahoga County, OH
Kindred Harbor Behavioral Health
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44134
Waitlist for new clients
We accept clients from anywhere in Ohio for tele-health sessions and in-person. Asking for help with mental wellness or addiction issues takes courage. Remember that seeking support during difficult times is actually a sign of strength. It's also a step toward improving your mental and emotional well-being. You've already taken the first step because you are here reading this right now! I have over five years of experience with people facing mental wellness and addictions challenges. Our goal is to support you as you heal from your pain, overcome any obstacles, and move forward to the life you deserve.
We accept clients from anywhere in Ohio for tele-health sessions and in-person. Asking for help with mental wellness or addiction issues takes courage. Remember that seeking support during difficult times is actually a sign of strength. It's also a step toward improving your mental and emotional well-being. You've already taken the first step because you are here reading this right now! I have over five years of experience with people facing mental wellness and addictions challenges. Our goal is to support you as you heal from your pain, overcome any obstacles, and move forward to the life you deserve.
(216) 284-5300 View (216) 284-5300
Photo of Wendy Weil, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Cuyahoga County, OH
Wendy Weil
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Chagrin Falls, OH 44022
Waitlist for new clients
Welcome. I’m here to guide you through your personal challenges. I work with adults and couples seeking support and positive change. My goal is for you to feel “truly seen” and supported by me your therapist as you share, discover and face fears to get yourself to a better place. I work with mood disorders, anxiety, stress, divorce, trauma, neglect, domestic violence, life confusion, medical conditions and grief.
Welcome. I’m here to guide you through your personal challenges. I work with adults and couples seeking support and positive change. My goal is for you to feel “truly seen” and supported by me your therapist as you share, discover and face fears to get yourself to a better place. I work with mood disorders, anxiety, stress, divorce, trauma, neglect, domestic violence, life confusion, medical conditions and grief.
(440) 271-8018 View (440) 271-8018
Photo of Giang Tran, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cuyahoga County, OH
Giang Tran
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
Two things are able to exist at once: life is messy AND you can have a safe and collaborative space to work through it. As a clinician, I believe in meeting you where you are and empowering each you from a strength-based approach. Starting therapy can be challenging (it’s not easy telling your innermost thoughts to a stranger!) and I strive to provide a non-judgmental, genuine, affirming, and accepting space. My goal as a Licensed Professional Counselor is to provide evidence-based practices to foster your personal growth and to provide education on mental and emotional wellness.
Two things are able to exist at once: life is messy AND you can have a safe and collaborative space to work through it. As a clinician, I believe in meeting you where you are and empowering each you from a strength-based approach. Starting therapy can be challenging (it’s not easy telling your innermost thoughts to a stranger!) and I strive to provide a non-judgmental, genuine, affirming, and accepting space. My goal as a Licensed Professional Counselor is to provide evidence-based practices to foster your personal growth and to provide education on mental and emotional wellness.
(440) 762-6508 View (440) 762-6508
Photo of Erin McDonald, Counselor in Cuyahoga County, OH
Erin McDonald
Counselor, MEd, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Beachwood, OH 44122  (Online Only)
I imagine you are tired of handling things on your own. You feel stuck within your life trying to manage rejection, conflict, or failure. Relationships feel uncertain. You give and give and receive little to nothing in return. While you think about making changes, you can become overwhelmed. As a result, you feel like giving up. But you haven’t. You have courage. And I admire you for it. So, take a deep breath and let’s talk.
I imagine you are tired of handling things on your own. You feel stuck within your life trying to manage rejection, conflict, or failure. Relationships feel uncertain. You give and give and receive little to nothing in return. While you think about making changes, you can become overwhelmed. As a result, you feel like giving up. But you haven’t. You have courage. And I admire you for it. So, take a deep breath and let’s talk.
(216) 238-6406 View (216) 238-6406
Photo of Patricia Lynn Saddle, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cuyahoga County, OH
Patricia Lynn Saddle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LSW
Verified Verified
Woodmere, OH 44122
Feeling overwhelmed and stuck? Looking to make changes but not sure how to move forward? Perhaps I can help. My experience working in business, healthcare, college counseling, and mental health has given me a range of skills and the ability to work with issues related to adolescents and adults dealing with life transitions. My role as a counselor is to empower clients so they can move forward. Depending on the situation, my approach ranges from a gentle nudge to direct suggestions. I specialize in working with students, adult clients, adults with perfectionist thinking and ADHD, and high functioning autism. LGBTQ+ friendly.
Feeling overwhelmed and stuck? Looking to make changes but not sure how to move forward? Perhaps I can help. My experience working in business, healthcare, college counseling, and mental health has given me a range of skills and the ability to work with issues related to adolescents and adults dealing with life transitions. My role as a counselor is to empower clients so they can move forward. Depending on the situation, my approach ranges from a gentle nudge to direct suggestions. I specialize in working with students, adult clients, adults with perfectionist thinking and ADHD, and high functioning autism. LGBTQ+ friendly.
(216) 584-9302 View (216) 584-9302
Photo of Marilyn Marcey Wise, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cuyahoga County, OH
Marilyn Marcey Wise
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, LICDC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Are you looking for a counselor with which you can feel comfortable and be yourself without being judged or evaluated? Are you looking for an honest interactive conversational experience that will be proactive, motivational and move you forward in your life ? I give you as my client compassion, honesty, respect, and unconditional positive regard. After twenty four years as a therapist I have enjoyed witnessing my clients transform their lives, freeing themselves from self destructive patterns of thinking and behaviors and recreating a life that is meaningful and fulfilling. I use an eclectic approach which is individualized and highly effective.
Are you looking for a counselor with which you can feel comfortable and be yourself without being judged or evaluated? Are you looking for an honest interactive conversational experience that will be proactive, motivational and move you forward in your life ? I give you as my client compassion, honesty, respect, and unconditional positive regard. After twenty four years as a therapist I have enjoyed witnessing my clients transform their lives, freeing themselves from self destructive patterns of thinking and behaviors and recreating a life that is meaningful and fulfilling. I use an eclectic approach which is individualized and highly effective.
(440) 536-3244 View (440) 536-3244
Photo of Chivon Hunt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cuyahoga County, OH
Chivon Hunt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LSW
Verified Verified
Solon, OH 44139  (Online Only)
The journey through life presents many challenges. My goal is to assist you in finding mental stability and self-determination. I invite you to work with me to learn how to deal with life challenges, changing unwanted behaviors, changing your way of thinking, coming to terms with your hurtful past, and building social skills without conflict.
The journey through life presents many challenges. My goal is to assist you in finding mental stability and self-determination. I invite you to work with me to learn how to deal with life challenges, changing unwanted behaviors, changing your way of thinking, coming to terms with your hurtful past, and building social skills without conflict.
(440) 999-2157 View (440) 999-2157
Photo of Janet Crate, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cuyahoga County, OH
Janet Crate
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW, LICDC
Verified Verified
Solon, OH 44139  (Online Only)
I know life sometimes sends us challenges and difficulties. Losses, changes or everyday stress can become overwhelming and interfere with our enjoyment of life. When self-doubt and worry become all consuming it may be time to reach out for help.
I know life sometimes sends us challenges and difficulties. Losses, changes or everyday stress can become overwhelming and interfere with our enjoyment of life. When self-doubt and worry become all consuming it may be time to reach out for help.
(440) 340-3038 x3 View (440) 340-3038 x3
Photo of Cleveland Couples Therapy, LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist in Cuyahoga County, OH
Cleveland Couples Therapy, LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, IMFT-S
Verified Verified
Cleveland Couples Therapy LLC specializes in providing couples counseling in the greater Cleveland area. Molly Simkins Sluk is a Couples and Family Therapist with advanced training in Emotionally Focused Therapy EFT who specializes in helping couples build greater intimacy and successfully navigate conflicts. She helps couples understand and resolve the underlying needs and emotions that drive the conflict in their relationships. Molly also provides parenting support and Emotionally Focused Family Therapy for parents seeking to strengthen relationships with children and collaboratively face various family and life stressors.
Cleveland Couples Therapy LLC specializes in providing couples counseling in the greater Cleveland area. Molly Simkins Sluk is a Couples and Family Therapist with advanced training in Emotionally Focused Therapy EFT who specializes in helping couples build greater intimacy and successfully navigate conflicts. She helps couples understand and resolve the underlying needs and emotions that drive the conflict in their relationships. Molly also provides parenting support and Emotionally Focused Family Therapy for parents seeking to strengthen relationships with children and collaboratively face various family and life stressors.
(216) 242-1262 View (216) 242-1262
Photo of Carina Montoya, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cuyahoga County, OH
Carina Montoya
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, CCTS-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44120
Waitlist for new clients
I am a strengths-based EMDR therapist with experience in treating complex trauma, anxiety, depression, gender and identity development, relationships and family, and LGBTQ+ issues. I believe that everyone responds differently to therapy and tailor the therapeutic experience uniquely to each of my clients using your values, strengths, and goals. I work primarily with emerging adults, couples, neurodiverse folx, and members of the LGBTQ+ community.
I am a strengths-based EMDR therapist with experience in treating complex trauma, anxiety, depression, gender and identity development, relationships and family, and LGBTQ+ issues. I believe that everyone responds differently to therapy and tailor the therapeutic experience uniquely to each of my clients using your values, strengths, and goals. I work primarily with emerging adults, couples, neurodiverse folx, and members of the LGBTQ+ community.
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Photo of Donna Schultheiss, Psychologist in Cuyahoga County, OH
Donna Schultheiss
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44122  (Online Only)
Areas of focus include educational and career planning and decision making, career changes and transitions, re-entry into the workforce, and leadership development and advancement. Career Coaching Areas of Focus: Career Exploration and Decision Making, Career Changes, Transitions and Advancement, Re-Entry into the Workforce, Retirement and Encore Careers. Leadership Coaching Areas of Focus: Develop and Enhance Critical leadership Skills, Grow in your Current Role or Prepare for More Senior Leadership, Seek Support in an initial, new, or Expanded Leadership Role, Refine your focus and identify challenges and growth opportunities
Areas of focus include educational and career planning and decision making, career changes and transitions, re-entry into the workforce, and leadership development and advancement. Career Coaching Areas of Focus: Career Exploration and Decision Making, Career Changes, Transitions and Advancement, Re-Entry into the Workforce, Retirement and Encore Careers. Leadership Coaching Areas of Focus: Develop and Enhance Critical leadership Skills, Grow in your Current Role or Prepare for More Senior Leadership, Seek Support in an initial, new, or Expanded Leadership Role, Refine your focus and identify challenges and growth opportunities
(216) 304-3625 View (216) 304-3625
Photo of Heather K Anderson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cuyahoga County, OH
Heather K Anderson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Westlake, OH 44145
I am passionate about working with teens and young adults and assisting them in understanding the world and finding their path in life. I am LGBTQ+ affirming and enjoy supporting clients as they are. In my practice, I utilize a combination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing. I believe that building a supportive and trusting relationship is essential to providing therapy, and I enjoy collaborating with clients to help them meet their goals. I use a strengths-based approach and believe that all clients have the ability to succeed if given the right support.
I am passionate about working with teens and young adults and assisting them in understanding the world and finding their path in life. I am LGBTQ+ affirming and enjoy supporting clients as they are. In my practice, I utilize a combination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing. I believe that building a supportive and trusting relationship is essential to providing therapy, and I enjoy collaborating with clients to help them meet their goals. I use a strengths-based approach and believe that all clients have the ability to succeed if given the right support.
(440) 643-4857 View (440) 643-4857
Photo of Ruth Sudilovsky-Pecha, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cuyahoga County, OH
Ruth Sudilovsky-Pecha
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S, SEP, EMDR, MSSA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Solon, OH 44139  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
People come to therapy because they want to feel better, plain and simple. But what does that mean? What happens when “talk-therapy” and words are not enough? Sometimes we can understand the source of our problems, but not actually feel any better. The basis of somatic therapy is that it incorporates and unites your body and mind. So instead of saying ‘what happened?’ or 'how does that make you feel?’ I might ask "when you feel joy, what do you notice in your body?” Bringing therapy out of your head and into the body allows for a whole different level of change and healing. My work is based on my training in somatic modalities.
People come to therapy because they want to feel better, plain and simple. But what does that mean? What happens when “talk-therapy” and words are not enough? Sometimes we can understand the source of our problems, but not actually feel any better. The basis of somatic therapy is that it incorporates and unites your body and mind. So instead of saying ‘what happened?’ or 'how does that make you feel?’ I might ask "when you feel joy, what do you notice in your body?” Bringing therapy out of your head and into the body allows for a whole different level of change and healing. My work is based on my training in somatic modalities.
(440) 530-9454 View (440) 530-9454
Photo of Russell E. Spieth, Psychologist in Cuyahoga County, OH
Russell E. Spieth
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Russell E. Spieth, PhD is a licensed psychologist who has experience working with adolescents and adults in a variety of settings. He brings significant experience collaborating with individuals, couples and families to address a variety of issues including anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, anger, addictive behaviors and difficult life transitions.
Russell E. Spieth, PhD is a licensed psychologist who has experience working with adolescents and adults in a variety of settings. He brings significant experience collaborating with individuals, couples and families to address a variety of issues including anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, anger, addictive behaviors and difficult life transitions.
(440) 907-1141 View (440) 907-1141
Photo of Reinhild Boehme, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cuyahoga County, OH
Reinhild Boehme
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berea, OH 44017  (Online Only)
Perhaps you have been thinking about moving towards the life you want for some time, but you are anxious or struggling with the burdens of the past. Anxiety, depression, and trauma can weigh you down. If you want to transform your life, if you want to be more present in your life, if you want to be more mindful, if you want to live a life filled with compassion for yourself and others, seeking me out might work for you. I focus on listening to you first, honoring your experiences without judgment, then helping you build transformative practices and connections that can change the direction of your life.
Perhaps you have been thinking about moving towards the life you want for some time, but you are anxious or struggling with the burdens of the past. Anxiety, depression, and trauma can weigh you down. If you want to transform your life, if you want to be more present in your life, if you want to be more mindful, if you want to live a life filled with compassion for yourself and others, seeking me out might work for you. I focus on listening to you first, honoring your experiences without judgment, then helping you build transformative practices and connections that can change the direction of your life.
(216) 306-4470 View (216) 306-4470
Photo of Doug Hornbeck, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cuyahoga County, OH
Doug Hornbeck
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S, DCSW
Verified Verified
Beachwood, OH 44122
Doug Hornbeck has more than 35 years experience in mental health care working with children, adolescents, adults, families and groups. He previously served as a supervisor for the psychiatric intake department through the Cleveland Clinic Health System and managed an Intensive Outpatient Program. In private practice for more than 10 years, he has specialized training in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), hypnosis and critical incident stress debriefing. He also has more than 20 years experience working with the HIV/AIDS population.
Doug Hornbeck has more than 35 years experience in mental health care working with children, adolescents, adults, families and groups. He previously served as a supervisor for the psychiatric intake department through the Cleveland Clinic Health System and managed an Intensive Outpatient Program. In private practice for more than 10 years, he has specialized training in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), hypnosis and critical incident stress debriefing. He also has more than 20 years experience working with the HIV/AIDS population.
(216) 586-3065 View (216) 586-3065
Photo of Natalie Grandy, Psychologist in Cuyahoga County, OH
Natalie Grandy
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Strongsville, OH 44136
Dr. Grandy is a Licensed Psychologist who strongly believes that curiosity and compassion are at the heart of change and is committed to her own journey of life-long learning and development. She graduated from the University of Akron with a Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology, where she received extensive training in psychological research, treatment, and assessment. Dr. Grandy works with adults whose concerns range from the stress of normal life to severe and debilitating mood and anxiety disorders.
Dr. Grandy is a Licensed Psychologist who strongly believes that curiosity and compassion are at the heart of change and is committed to her own journey of life-long learning and development. She graduated from the University of Akron with a Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology, where she received extensive training in psychological research, treatment, and assessment. Dr. Grandy works with adults whose concerns range from the stress of normal life to severe and debilitating mood and anxiety disorders.
(440) 739-7259 View (440) 739-7259
Photo of Sara W Floreth, Counselor in Cuyahoga County, OH
Sara W Floreth
Counselor, MA, PCCS
Verified Verified
Lakewood, OH 44107  (Online Only)
I am a level 3 Gottman Trained Therapist and enjoy working with premarital, marital and couples counseling. I also enjoy working with people experiencing: transition to adulthood and personal growth. I have experience living abroad and enjoy working with others different from myself.
I am a level 3 Gottman Trained Therapist and enjoy working with premarital, marital and couples counseling. I also enjoy working with people experiencing: transition to adulthood and personal growth. I have experience living abroad and enjoy working with others different from myself.
(216) 243-5693 View (216) 243-5693
Photo of Suzanne Gord, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cuyahoga County, OH
Suzanne Gord
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC, MA
Verified Verified
Beachwood, OH 44122  (Online Only)
If you’re looking for a peaceful space to help you sort out stressful thoughts and discover new insights, I can help. As a person-centered counselor, I believe you have the potential to find the answers you seek. My role is to collaborate and guide you along the way. I’m a Certified Clinical Anxiety Treatment Professional (CCATP). This means I have specialized training in exploring the causes and treatment of anxiety and panic disorders. Along with talk therapy, I use techniques such as mindfulness, movement, grounding, and breathwork.
If you’re looking for a peaceful space to help you sort out stressful thoughts and discover new insights, I can help. As a person-centered counselor, I believe you have the potential to find the answers you seek. My role is to collaborate and guide you along the way. I’m a Certified Clinical Anxiety Treatment Professional (CCATP). This means I have specialized training in exploring the causes and treatment of anxiety and panic disorders. Along with talk therapy, I use techniques such as mindfulness, movement, grounding, and breathwork.
(216) 677-0398 View (216) 677-0398
Photo of Maryann S Kuzila, Counselor in Cuyahoga County, OH
Maryann S Kuzila
Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Westlake, OH 44145
Much of the work I do involves the use of evidence-based approaches including EMDR, but I am eclectic and utilize a variety of therapies based on the patient's needs. In addition to helping patients who are struggling with anxiety, panic symptoms, depression, grief and loss, PTSD and sexual abuse issues, I have a strong chemical dependency background. I recognize the decision to seek help can be a difficult one, and that choosing the right therapist can sometimes be even harder. If you are ready to take that next step, I encourage you to give me a call.
Much of the work I do involves the use of evidence-based approaches including EMDR, but I am eclectic and utilize a variety of therapies based on the patient's needs. In addition to helping patients who are struggling with anxiety, panic symptoms, depression, grief and loss, PTSD and sexual abuse issues, I have a strong chemical dependency background. I recognize the decision to seek help can be a difficult one, and that choosing the right therapist can sometimes be even harder. If you are ready to take that next step, I encourage you to give me a call.
(216) 600-1426 View (216) 600-1426

See more therapy options for Cuyahoga County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Cuyahoga County, OH

1,000+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Cuyahoga County, OH who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
90% Depression
73% Trauma and PTSD
71% Relationship Issues
71% Self Esteem
67% Coping Skills
65% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Aetna
79% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
74% Medical Mutual

How Therapists in Cuyahoga County, OH see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Cuyahoga County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.