Therapists in Knoxville, TN

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Photo of Kristina L Hall in Knoxville, TN
Kristina L Hall
MS, CTRS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37922
Hello, Welcome! I am accepting new clients seeking to cope with anxiety, addiction, and depression. I also offer parenting and family counseling.You or your child may need help processing overwhelming core beliefs that bind you to unhealthy behavior or negative thought patterns. I utilize a CBT based program that allows you to rediscover joy, balance and peace. I believe the most important thing I offer is my experience, strength and hope, my humanness. With over 25 years of experience as a therapist, I can help you work through life’s challenges. You are not alone. Please take the next step and schedule an appointment today.
Hello, Welcome! I am accepting new clients seeking to cope with anxiety, addiction, and depression. I also offer parenting and family counseling.You or your child may need help processing overwhelming core beliefs that bind you to unhealthy behavior or negative thought patterns. I utilize a CBT based program that allows you to rediscover joy, balance and peace. I believe the most important thing I offer is my experience, strength and hope, my humanness. With over 25 years of experience as a therapist, I can help you work through life’s challenges. You are not alone. Please take the next step and schedule an appointment today.
(865) 375-8718 View (865) 375-8718
Photo of Thomas Langer, Licensed Master Social Worker in Knoxville, TN
Thomas Langer
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37932
Thomas seeks to provide a deeply accepting and non-judgmental space for individuals, couples, and families to explore their thoughts and behaviors as they begin their journey to transform their lives and relationships. He believes in the importance of cultivating a strong therapeutic alliance, built on trust, and works with his clients to help them define their challenges and create simple objectives on their path toward achieving their mental health goals.
Thomas seeks to provide a deeply accepting and non-judgmental space for individuals, couples, and families to explore their thoughts and behaviors as they begin their journey to transform their lives and relationships. He believes in the importance of cultivating a strong therapeutic alliance, built on trust, and works with his clients to help them define their challenges and create simple objectives on their path toward achieving their mental health goals.
(865) 503-4695 View (865) 503-4695
Photo of Beth Shoaff, Limited Licensed Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Beth Shoaff
Limited Licensed Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37909
Confiding in someone about your hardest times can be difficult and I am here to help guide you on that path, if you will have me! I wholeheartedly believe that everyone deserves a safe, comfortable space for self exploration. My hope is that you find a space in which you can be curious about yourself and your therapy process. I take an Interpersonal Process approach while also incorporating core concepts from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and Person Centered approaches. I believe to first start processing, we must build a strong foundation of skills and rapport.
Confiding in someone about your hardest times can be difficult and I am here to help guide you on that path, if you will have me! I wholeheartedly believe that everyone deserves a safe, comfortable space for self exploration. My hope is that you find a space in which you can be curious about yourself and your therapy process. I take an Interpersonal Process approach while also incorporating core concepts from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and Person Centered approaches. I believe to first start processing, we must build a strong foundation of skills and rapport.
(865) 674-4668 View (865) 674-4668
Photo of Built to Bond, Inc. Attachment Institute, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Built to Bond, Inc. Attachment Institute
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP, BCPC, CTS, CDVC, NCCE
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37931
If you are broken and in need of healing from abuse and trauma and/or are trying to parent a "child forgotten" you have come to the right place. Suffering through the aftermath of sexual abuse, domestic violence, emotional abuse, foster care and extreme neglect often makes it nearly impossible to trust others, which is a necessary starting point for healthy relationship formation. Built to Bond, Inc. is designed to enable you to make sense of your trauma and begin the healing process from a Christian perspective through the "Treat PTSD with PTSD to get PTSD" treatment modality.
If you are broken and in need of healing from abuse and trauma and/or are trying to parent a "child forgotten" you have come to the right place. Suffering through the aftermath of sexual abuse, domestic violence, emotional abuse, foster care and extreme neglect often makes it nearly impossible to trust others, which is a necessary starting point for healthy relationship formation. Built to Bond, Inc. is designed to enable you to make sense of your trauma and begin the healing process from a Christian perspective through the "Treat PTSD with PTSD to get PTSD" treatment modality.
(865) 685-5895 View (865) 685-5895
Photo of Melanie S Norton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Melanie S Norton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37919
I began my career working in inpatient substance abuse facilities attached to hospitals. I am well-versed in groups for addiction and prefer individual counseling for issues in later recovery or dual diagnosis. I see adults and motivated adolescents in my practice. Both men and women are welcome as are couples and families. Other specialty areas are sexual abuse and mood disorders.
I began my career working in inpatient substance abuse facilities attached to hospitals. I am well-versed in groups for addiction and prefer individual counseling for issues in later recovery or dual diagnosis. I see adults and motivated adolescents in my practice. Both men and women are welcome as are couples and families. Other specialty areas are sexual abuse and mood disorders.
(865) 409-0837 View (865) 409-0837
Photo of Trisha Overton, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Trisha Overton
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC(t), M Ed
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37922
Our past may not define us, but we can sometimes carry our past with us in our bodies, and not realize it. If we do not properly process those past hurts, trials and traumas we continue to carry them with us through life. It is my hope as a therapist to help others to heal from those, and to let those past memories not be triggers of any negative or hurtful feelings, but to just be a memory. I am passionate about trauma therapy. I believe that there can be healing, and it is my desire to help others through that process.
Our past may not define us, but we can sometimes carry our past with us in our bodies, and not realize it. If we do not properly process those past hurts, trials and traumas we continue to carry them with us through life. It is my hope as a therapist to help others to heal from those, and to let those past memories not be triggers of any negative or hurtful feelings, but to just be a memory. I am passionate about trauma therapy. I believe that there can be healing, and it is my desire to help others through that process.
(865) 800-0560 View (865) 800-0560
Photo of Mattie Sauer, Pre-Licensed Professional in Knoxville, TN
Mattie Sauer
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
It takes courage to ask for help and start the healing process. I commend you for your work and desire to ask for help. When we experience loss, anger, depression, anxiety, or a loss of identity it can be discouraging. I work with clients to decompress and unravel such feelings to then enter the healing process. The healing process starts with you, and your commitment to your wellness. If this is something you struggle with, sustainable wellness, I am here to help. I consider it a privilege to walk alongside you, in this time.
It takes courage to ask for help and start the healing process. I commend you for your work and desire to ask for help. When we experience loss, anger, depression, anxiety, or a loss of identity it can be discouraging. I work with clients to decompress and unravel such feelings to then enter the healing process. The healing process starts with you, and your commitment to your wellness. If this is something you struggle with, sustainable wellness, I am here to help. I consider it a privilege to walk alongside you, in this time.
(865) 737-2523 View (865) 737-2523
Photo of Marci S Burroughs, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Marci S Burroughs
Psychologist, PhD, CST
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37923  (Online Only)
I specialize in helping couples/intimate partners with communication and intimacy issues including conflict management, decrease in intimacy, mismatched libidos, the impact of societal and religious messages on sex and sexuality and the impacts of trauma on the individual and the couple. I also work with couples and individuals that are struggling with sexual dysfunctions such as ED, PE, DE and genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder. I provide a non-judgmental environment for people who identify as LGBTQ+, poly, nonmonogamous and kink to explore their concerns within the context of their lifestyle.
I specialize in helping couples/intimate partners with communication and intimacy issues including conflict management, decrease in intimacy, mismatched libidos, the impact of societal and religious messages on sex and sexuality and the impacts of trauma on the individual and the couple. I also work with couples and individuals that are struggling with sexual dysfunctions such as ED, PE, DE and genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder. I provide a non-judgmental environment for people who identify as LGBTQ+, poly, nonmonogamous and kink to explore their concerns within the context of their lifestyle.
(865) 213-7517 View (865) 213-7517
Photo of Ann Wheeler, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Ann Wheeler
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
There is something deeply intimidating about finding a new therapist. Your life is not working, and you could use some real help in reclaiming yourself. You're aware that you are not in alignment with your creative potential, and you’re ready to deep-dive into what is keeping you stuck. You’re an out-of-the box kind of person, tired of trying to fit your round self into a square hole. You could use a therapist who "gets you" and can guide you to awareness/pursuit of what feels really good and right about your life. You're open to intelligent and compassionate feedback from the right person, who is also your new therapist!
There is something deeply intimidating about finding a new therapist. Your life is not working, and you could use some real help in reclaiming yourself. You're aware that you are not in alignment with your creative potential, and you’re ready to deep-dive into what is keeping you stuck. You’re an out-of-the box kind of person, tired of trying to fit your round self into a square hole. You could use a therapist who "gets you" and can guide you to awareness/pursuit of what feels really good and right about your life. You're open to intelligent and compassionate feedback from the right person, who is also your new therapist!
(865) 730-2634 View (865) 730-2634
Photo of Emily Chadwick, Pre-Licensed Professional in Knoxville, TN
Emily Chadwick
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37918
Whatever situation you’re in or having a hard time letting go of, there is a way to get through it. While I do specialize in helping children and parents, I am passionate about all people. I use a wide variety of approaches to treat anxiety, depression, OCD, trauma (complex and single-event), behavioral issues in children and teens, parenting, and couples. I offer individual, couple, and family sessions. Send me an email if you have questions, I always respond as soon as possible! I am currently accepting new clients!
Whatever situation you’re in or having a hard time letting go of, there is a way to get through it. While I do specialize in helping children and parents, I am passionate about all people. I use a wide variety of approaches to treat anxiety, depression, OCD, trauma (complex and single-event), behavioral issues in children and teens, parenting, and couples. I offer individual, couple, and family sessions. Send me an email if you have questions, I always respond as soon as possible! I am currently accepting new clients!
(865) 345-5146 View (865) 345-5146
Photo of Shantel Shockey, Marriage & Family Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Shantel Shockey
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
I enjoy working with children, couples, families, and individuals; and I have a passion to help people overcome or cope with issues that keep them stuck and unable to enjoy their life. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) and I work to help individuals, as well as couples and families, to heal and flourish by working together to identify concerns, and by listening carefully to them to develop a treatment plan uniquely designed to fit their needs.
I enjoy working with children, couples, families, and individuals; and I have a passion to help people overcome or cope with issues that keep them stuck and unable to enjoy their life. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) and I work to help individuals, as well as couples and families, to heal and flourish by working together to identify concerns, and by listening carefully to them to develop a treatment plan uniquely designed to fit their needs.
(865) 568-8118 x807 View (865) 568-8118 x807
Photo of John Heflin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
John Heflin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37909
Mr. Heflin is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, who has worked in the social work/ behavioral health field since 1993. He graduated from OLLU-San Antonio with a Master of Social Work degree. He primarily utilizes a cognitive-behavioral approach known as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, as well as Compassion-Focused Therapy which focuses on the development of psychological flexibility utilizing strategies including mindfulness, values clarification, and committed action. His approach can be effective in changing one's relationship with unpleasant internal experiences and promoting action in service of valued living.
Mr. Heflin is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, who has worked in the social work/ behavioral health field since 1993. He graduated from OLLU-San Antonio with a Master of Social Work degree. He primarily utilizes a cognitive-behavioral approach known as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, as well as Compassion-Focused Therapy which focuses on the development of psychological flexibility utilizing strategies including mindfulness, values clarification, and committed action. His approach can be effective in changing one's relationship with unpleasant internal experiences and promoting action in service of valued living.
(865) 432-6911 View (865) 432-6911
Photo of Regina Reed-Davis Counseling Services , Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Regina Reed-Davis Counseling Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37934
FOCUS: Trauma Recovery, Divorce Recovery, Marriage Counseling, Christian Counseling, Premarital Counseling. I am trained in Gottman's Couples therapy, EMDR-Trauma, EFIT-Emotional, CBT-Cognitive Behavioral, Biblical counseling, and Prepare & Enrich Premarital Counseling.
FOCUS: Trauma Recovery, Divorce Recovery, Marriage Counseling, Christian Counseling, Premarital Counseling. I am trained in Gottman's Couples therapy, EMDR-Trauma, EFIT-Emotional, CBT-Cognitive Behavioral, Biblical counseling, and Prepare & Enrich Premarital Counseling.
(865) 217-2051 View (865) 217-2051
Photo of Erin Holm, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Erin Holm
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37920  (Online Only)
Let's not say "therapy," let's call it what it is - developing Emotional Intelligence. Emotional Intelligence is the key to a positive lifestyle. You are not born with Emotional Intelligence, nor does it come naturally. It is a skill that develops over time. Throughout our life, we are exposed to stress, adverse events and life-changing situations. These experiences add up, accumulate, get filed away in our minds; only to arise at the most inconvenient times, impacting our ability to function with everyday life. Having a strong Emotional Intelligence helps you manage and get your life back on track.
Let's not say "therapy," let's call it what it is - developing Emotional Intelligence. Emotional Intelligence is the key to a positive lifestyle. You are not born with Emotional Intelligence, nor does it come naturally. It is a skill that develops over time. Throughout our life, we are exposed to stress, adverse events and life-changing situations. These experiences add up, accumulate, get filed away in our minds; only to arise at the most inconvenient times, impacting our ability to function with everyday life. Having a strong Emotional Intelligence helps you manage and get your life back on track.
(865) 355-8032 View (865) 355-8032
Photo of Angela L Obear, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Angela L Obear
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37922
The decision to come to counseling is an important step and I understand that participation in counseling is an incredibly brave act. My goal is to create a safe, comfortable space for you as we work together to find solutions, relief, and balance in your life. Through my own experiences in counseling and in counseling others, I have come to believe that hope, redemption, acceptance, and inner peace can become a part of every person's story. My approach to counseling is collaborative, holistic, and interactive.
The decision to come to counseling is an important step and I understand that participation in counseling is an incredibly brave act. My goal is to create a safe, comfortable space for you as we work together to find solutions, relief, and balance in your life. Through my own experiences in counseling and in counseling others, I have come to believe that hope, redemption, acceptance, and inner peace can become a part of every person's story. My approach to counseling is collaborative, holistic, and interactive.
(865) 234-3098 View (865) 234-3098
Photo of Claire Ward, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Claire Ward
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37917
Hi there! I'm Claire, a licensed professional counselor living and working in Knoxville, TN. I know the journey to finding a therapist can be daunting and think you should be proud of yourself for taking this step! I have been working as a therapist for five years, three of those working exclusively with sexual trauma survivors. Through this experience, I realized my passion is creating safe spaces for people to explore their experiences without fear of judgment. I would consider it a privilege to create a space like this for you.
Hi there! I'm Claire, a licensed professional counselor living and working in Knoxville, TN. I know the journey to finding a therapist can be daunting and think you should be proud of yourself for taking this step! I have been working as a therapist for five years, three of those working exclusively with sexual trauma survivors. Through this experience, I realized my passion is creating safe spaces for people to explore their experiences without fear of judgment. I would consider it a privilege to create a space like this for you.
(865) 276-8289 View (865) 276-8289
Photo of Shannon McBride, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Shannon McBride
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCMHSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
Waitlist for new clients
One of the things life has taught me is to not believe everything you think because our mind can really play tricks on us. There is hope even when you think there is none. There are solutions even when you cannot see them, because you have more power than you know.
One of the things life has taught me is to not believe everything you think because our mind can really play tricks on us. There is hope even when you think there is none. There are solutions even when you cannot see them, because you have more power than you know.
(865) 324-0783 View (865) 324-0783
Photo of Denise Scott, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Denise Scott
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker trained in EMDR trauma therapy, specializing in young adults, individuals and couples.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker trained in EMDR trauma therapy, specializing in young adults, individuals and couples.
(865) 509-9046 View (865) 509-9046
Photo of Sarah Rimer Moss, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Sarah Rimer Moss
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37919
Not accepting new clients
I work with individuals and families seeking to improve the ways they cope with the challenges they face, which may include problems in relationships, substance abuse, trauma, depression and anxiety (and other mental illnesses), difficulties in career, lifestyle dissatisfaction, and other personal issues. I practice with an emphasis on collaboration and relationship, meaning that I view my patients as the experts on their own lives. By offering a respectful, caring, and supportive environment to explore the patient's concerns, thoughts and feelings, I facilitate the patient's arrival at a deeper and more honest understanding of him or herself.
I work with individuals and families seeking to improve the ways they cope with the challenges they face, which may include problems in relationships, substance abuse, trauma, depression and anxiety (and other mental illnesses), difficulties in career, lifestyle dissatisfaction, and other personal issues. I practice with an emphasis on collaboration and relationship, meaning that I view my patients as the experts on their own lives. By offering a respectful, caring, and supportive environment to explore the patient's concerns, thoughts and feelings, I facilitate the patient's arrival at a deeper and more honest understanding of him or herself.
(865) 622-6635 View (865) 622-6635
Photo of Barbara Mooney, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Barbara Mooney
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CDWF
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
Finding the right therapist for YOU and the therapeutic relationship is one of the most important factors associated with positive therapy results. I place primary importance on our relationship providing an atmosphere of safety, warmth and understanding. While I have a wealth of professional and personal knowledge and expertise in individual and family recovery from addictions/compulsive behaviors, family of origin issues and life patterns that prevent authentic living, I do not approach the relationship as an "expert" but rather as a supportive guide who joins you on the journey. I am passionate about all things relational.
Finding the right therapist for YOU and the therapeutic relationship is one of the most important factors associated with positive therapy results. I place primary importance on our relationship providing an atmosphere of safety, warmth and understanding. While I have a wealth of professional and personal knowledge and expertise in individual and family recovery from addictions/compulsive behaviors, family of origin issues and life patterns that prevent authentic living, I do not approach the relationship as an "expert" but rather as a supportive guide who joins you on the journey. I am passionate about all things relational.
(865) 328-7519 View (865) 328-7519

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Knoxville, TN

700+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Knoxville, TN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
72% Trauma and PTSD
72% Self Esteem
66% Coping Skills
65% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
68% Aetna
68% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Knoxville, TN see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Knoxville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.