Therapists in Traverse City, MI

Photo of Jenna Genereaux, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Traverse City, MI
Jenna Genereaux
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CSTIP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Traverse City, MI 49684
I am a CSTIP(Certified Sex Therapy Informed Professional) and specialize in relationship and couples counseling. I work primarily with those dealing with marital, relationship and sex related concerns. I have experience working with individuals facing anxiety, depression, grief, relationship discrepancy, family disfunction and every day life obstacles. To better serve my clients, I use evidence based practices within a therapeutic setting. It is my goal to provide individual's with counseling they will enjoy, even when the situation is not preferable.
I am a CSTIP(Certified Sex Therapy Informed Professional) and specialize in relationship and couples counseling. I work primarily with those dealing with marital, relationship and sex related concerns. I have experience working with individuals facing anxiety, depression, grief, relationship discrepancy, family disfunction and every day life obstacles. To better serve my clients, I use evidence based practices within a therapeutic setting. It is my goal to provide individual's with counseling they will enjoy, even when the situation is not preferable.
(231) 377-3030 View (231) 377-3030
Photo of Mental Wellness Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Traverse City, MI
Mental Wellness Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49686
Mental Wellness Counseling is a Northern Michigan Counseling Practice. Our counselors use their passion, experience and specialties to help clients heal from traumatic experiences, address symptoms related to anxiety and depression, help strengthen relationships and help guide you through the journey of finding the best version of yourself. When you call we try to make the best fit for you based on your needs and goals. We offer face to face and virtual sessions to best meet your needs. We now have 3 locations! Two in Traverse City and a new office in Manistee!
Mental Wellness Counseling is a Northern Michigan Counseling Practice. Our counselors use their passion, experience and specialties to help clients heal from traumatic experiences, address symptoms related to anxiety and depression, help strengthen relationships and help guide you through the journey of finding the best version of yourself. When you call we try to make the best fit for you based on your needs and goals. We offer face to face and virtual sessions to best meet your needs. We now have 3 locations! Two in Traverse City and a new office in Manistee!
(231) 714-0282 View (231) 714-0282
Photo of Rebecca R. Swenson, Psychologist in Traverse City, MI
Rebecca R. Swenson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49684
Is your child overly worried or fearful? Do you have a stressed out teen who struggles with body image and eating problems? Are you experiencing recurrent intrusive unwanted thoughts or engaging in repetitive behaviors? As a licensed clinical psychologist, I am dedicated to improving the lives of children, adolescents, and young adults with compassionate, supportive, and evidence-based therapy. Our solution-focused sessions will look at what is working well for you now and how to make changes to your thoughts, behaviors, coping skills, and relationships in order to feel better and stay better.
Is your child overly worried or fearful? Do you have a stressed out teen who struggles with body image and eating problems? Are you experiencing recurrent intrusive unwanted thoughts or engaging in repetitive behaviors? As a licensed clinical psychologist, I am dedicated to improving the lives of children, adolescents, and young adults with compassionate, supportive, and evidence-based therapy. Our solution-focused sessions will look at what is working well for you now and how to make changes to your thoughts, behaviors, coping skills, and relationships in order to feel better and stay better.
(231) 201-5460 View (231) 201-5460
Photo of Lisa Rutowski, Limited Licensed Psychologist in Traverse City, MI
Lisa Rutowski
Limited Licensed Psychologist, LLP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Traverse City, MI 49684
My goal is to help you live your best life by supporting you in taking control of your life. Depression, anxiety and stress can get in the way of you reaching your personal goals whether that be at work or in your relationships.
My goal is to help you live your best life by supporting you in taking control of your life. Depression, anxiety and stress can get in the way of you reaching your personal goals whether that be at work or in your relationships.
(231) 202-3465 View (231) 202-3465
Photo of Clinical Stress Relief and Counseling Center, Licensed Professional Counselor in Traverse City, MI
Clinical Stress Relief and Counseling Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CAADC-D, ADS, RYT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Traverse City, MI 49686
Freedom! Ready to get unstuck? You're this far already, reading this. Seeking support proves you haven't given up. It shows you're strong. Heal with talking or spec.-acupuncture. Calm insomnia, ease your body, relieve fatigue or life dissatisfaction. Select TCM methods, or step-by-step techniques to quiet distress, process trauma, soothe anxiety/depression. Suffering alone isn't bravery; you DON'T have to live this way. Break free from diet-culture with intuitive, unconditional eating. Find your natural body size. Change your mood patterns/communication skill. Use a Professional Career Counselor for the job you deserve. Make a plan!
Freedom! Ready to get unstuck? You're this far already, reading this. Seeking support proves you haven't given up. It shows you're strong. Heal with talking or spec.-acupuncture. Calm insomnia, ease your body, relieve fatigue or life dissatisfaction. Select TCM methods, or step-by-step techniques to quiet distress, process trauma, soothe anxiety/depression. Suffering alone isn't bravery; you DON'T have to live this way. Break free from diet-culture with intuitive, unconditional eating. Find your natural body size. Change your mood patterns/communication skill. Use a Professional Career Counselor for the job you deserve. Make a plan!
(231) 259-5649 View (231) 259-5649
Photo of Elizabeth Kickert, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Traverse City, MI
Elizabeth Kickert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49686
Hi, I am Elizabeth Kickert and I am a Licensed Clinical Social worker with over 15 years of experience working with children, teens, and adults. Before starting my own private practice, Willow Tree Counseling, I worked as a school social worker in the elementary, middle and high school settings. As a result of my time spent working with youth in the schools, I have a lot of experience in helping individuals over come issues with depression, anxiety, at-risk behaviors and suicidal ideation, anger management, school and home related behavior problems, self-worth, social skills and relationship problems.
Hi, I am Elizabeth Kickert and I am a Licensed Clinical Social worker with over 15 years of experience working with children, teens, and adults. Before starting my own private practice, Willow Tree Counseling, I worked as a school social worker in the elementary, middle and high school settings. As a result of my time spent working with youth in the schools, I have a lot of experience in helping individuals over come issues with depression, anxiety, at-risk behaviors and suicidal ideation, anger management, school and home related behavior problems, self-worth, social skills and relationship problems.
(231) 760-8819 View (231) 760-8819
Photo of Emmy Hendry, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Traverse City, MI
Emmy Hendry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW, CAADC
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49686
Emmy believes that your well-being relies on achieving balance in all aspects of your life. This requires a whole health approach that will serve the mind, body, and soul. Emmy specializes in trauma; specifically sexual trauma, violence trauma, relationship trauma, and family/intergenerational trauma. Her primary specializations are working with individuals with attachment style issues, relationship issues, masculine and feminine energies, sex trauma/intimacy issues, anxiety disorders, and grief.
Emmy believes that your well-being relies on achieving balance in all aspects of your life. This requires a whole health approach that will serve the mind, body, and soul. Emmy specializes in trauma; specifically sexual trauma, violence trauma, relationship trauma, and family/intergenerational trauma. Her primary specializations are working with individuals with attachment style issues, relationship issues, masculine and feminine energies, sex trauma/intimacy issues, anxiety disorders, and grief.
(231) 202-3837 View (231) 202-3837
Photo of Lydia Bloem, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Traverse City, MI
Lydia Bloem
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49684
Has it been a while since you’ve felt like yourself? Does it seem like everyone else is moving forward while you’re stuck in place? Or maybe your life looks ideal from the outside, but inside you something feels off. You’ve been doing your best to act normal but it’s getting harder every day. You keep hoping that you’ll “snap out of it” but so far nothing has worked, and you’re starting to worry that you may never feel happy again. These experiences are more common than you may think, but that doesn't make them any less scary or difficult.
Has it been a while since you’ve felt like yourself? Does it seem like everyone else is moving forward while you’re stuck in place? Or maybe your life looks ideal from the outside, but inside you something feels off. You’ve been doing your best to act normal but it’s getting harder every day. You keep hoping that you’ll “snap out of it” but so far nothing has worked, and you’re starting to worry that you may never feel happy again. These experiences are more common than you may think, but that doesn't make them any less scary or difficult.
(231) 427-5778 View (231) 427-5778
Photo of Reliance Christian Counseling, PLLC, Duane F Ellis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Traverse City, MI
Reliance Christian Counseling, PLLC, Duane F Ellis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49686
Waitlist for new clients
My counseling practice provides services to individuals, couples, and groups. Those who seek counseling assistance often face difficult life situations that cause emotional wounds, pain, and loss of hope. As a counselor, my role is to come alongside clients to help them understand the source of the issues that they face, help them identify solutions to their problems, and to encourage them in their efforts. Reestablishing a sense of hope is a major factor in this healing process.
My counseling practice provides services to individuals, couples, and groups. Those who seek counseling assistance often face difficult life situations that cause emotional wounds, pain, and loss of hope. As a counselor, my role is to come alongside clients to help them understand the source of the issues that they face, help them identify solutions to their problems, and to encourage them in their efforts. Reestablishing a sense of hope is a major factor in this healing process.
(231) 598-7577 View (231) 598-7577
Photo of Amanda Kearns, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Traverse City, MI
Amanda Kearns
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49684  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Perhaps you are at a crossroads in life and are struggling to find your path. You are a perfectionist with high achieving tendencies however, feel unable to calm your anxiety, depression, or negative self-talk. Your successes are undermined by a voice in your head stating, “I don’t think I’m good enough or I don’t have anything left to give.” You have successfully navigated many of life’s difficult decisions yet, your self-esteem and confidence are holding you back.
Perhaps you are at a crossroads in life and are struggling to find your path. You are a perfectionist with high achieving tendencies however, feel unable to calm your anxiety, depression, or negative self-talk. Your successes are undermined by a voice in your head stating, “I don’t think I’m good enough or I don’t have anything left to give.” You have successfully navigated many of life’s difficult decisions yet, your self-esteem and confidence are holding you back.
(231) 216-6519 View (231) 216-6519
Photo of Janelle Rieman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Traverse City, MI
Janelle Rieman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Traverse City, MI 49685
In today's uncertain world, more people than ever are experiencing issues with their mental health. It is my goal to partner with you to collaboratively work through the issues that you are facing in life. I strive to provide a comforting, safe, and non-judgemental space where you can come to have someone listen and help you to navigate through these issues. It is through this work that you will discover the inner strengths and skills you already possess. With these strengths and my assistance, our goal will be to work together to create genuine healing, change, and self-empowerment.
In today's uncertain world, more people than ever are experiencing issues with their mental health. It is my goal to partner with you to collaboratively work through the issues that you are facing in life. I strive to provide a comforting, safe, and non-judgemental space where you can come to have someone listen and help you to navigate through these issues. It is through this work that you will discover the inner strengths and skills you already possess. With these strengths and my assistance, our goal will be to work together to create genuine healing, change, and self-empowerment.
(269) 234-0165 View (269) 234-0165
Photo of Margo Million, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Traverse City, MI
Margo Million
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49684
Not accepting new clients
For the past 20 years I have had the privilege of working with children, teens, adults, and their families who are struggling with trauma, relationship issues, anxiety, grief and loss, depression, health issues, school or work problems. I have significant training working with childhood trauma and attachment issues. Many of my clients want to change some patterns that are preventing them from living the life they want or achieving their life goals. My approach to therapy is collaborative and draws from my experience in relationship-based, cognitive behavioral therapy, and family systems work.
For the past 20 years I have had the privilege of working with children, teens, adults, and their families who are struggling with trauma, relationship issues, anxiety, grief and loss, depression, health issues, school or work problems. I have significant training working with childhood trauma and attachment issues. Many of my clients want to change some patterns that are preventing them from living the life they want or achieving their life goals. My approach to therapy is collaborative and draws from my experience in relationship-based, cognitive behavioral therapy, and family systems work.
(616) 965-2946 View (616) 965-2946
Photo of Hannah Olson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Traverse City, MI
Hannah Olson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LLPC
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49684
My mission as a therapist is to help heal through relationships. I believe in a holistic approach to mental health and wellness while also prioritizing a person centered approach to counseling. As a trained school counselor, I have experience working with children in kindergarten through twelfth grade, in both independent and public school settings. I have taken this experience and passion for counseling and have created a practice that is focused on helping families on a deeper level.
My mission as a therapist is to help heal through relationships. I believe in a holistic approach to mental health and wellness while also prioritizing a person centered approach to counseling. As a trained school counselor, I have experience working with children in kindergarten through twelfth grade, in both independent and public school settings. I have taken this experience and passion for counseling and have created a practice that is focused on helping families on a deeper level.
(231) 261-2029 View (231) 261-2029
Photo of Jessica Warpup, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Traverse City, MI
Jessica Warpup
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Traverse City, MI 49686
My name is Jessica, and I'm hoping you will let me help you work through “every day” challenges to improve your relationships and daily functioning. I will work to provide an environment in which together you and I can work through your past and present struggles, coping mechanisms, and experiences in order to better understand your needs and ultimately yourself. This will help you to improve communication of your needs and thus your relationship(s) with others. I offer a secure place to be your authentic self where you can explore your history, self- and family values, thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
My name is Jessica, and I'm hoping you will let me help you work through “every day” challenges to improve your relationships and daily functioning. I will work to provide an environment in which together you and I can work through your past and present struggles, coping mechanisms, and experiences in order to better understand your needs and ultimately yourself. This will help you to improve communication of your needs and thus your relationship(s) with others. I offer a secure place to be your authentic self where you can explore your history, self- and family values, thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
(231) 216-0291 View (231) 216-0291
Photo of Daniel Herd, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Traverse City, MI
Daniel Herd
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Traverse City, MI 49684
Therapy should be fun. It should be something you look forward to, not something you push yourself to get through. I want you to leave the counseling session feeling lighter, more energized, and more enthusiastic about your future. My goal is to enthrive; and to help you do the same for yourself. Counseling with me is a series of skill sessions for your brain, to help it develop new methods of looking at the past and relating to the future. Together we can create your new outlook on life. Call or check out Enthrive North to find out more.
Therapy should be fun. It should be something you look forward to, not something you push yourself to get through. I want you to leave the counseling session feeling lighter, more energized, and more enthusiastic about your future. My goal is to enthrive; and to help you do the same for yourself. Counseling with me is a series of skill sessions for your brain, to help it develop new methods of looking at the past and relating to the future. Together we can create your new outlook on life. Call or check out Enthrive North to find out more.
(231) 492-0808 View (231) 492-0808
Photo of Shania Willingham, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Traverse City, MI
Shania Willingham
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49684
Welcome and congrats to you for beginning this journey! Maybe it's for the first time, or maybe you've tried therapy out before. Either way I acknowledge how difficult it can be to start. I believe in the person-centered approach and meeting you where you are now. We don't need to have everything figured out, but we can work together to make steps in the right direction.
Welcome and congrats to you for beginning this journey! Maybe it's for the first time, or maybe you've tried therapy out before. Either way I acknowledge how difficult it can be to start. I believe in the person-centered approach and meeting you where you are now. We don't need to have everything figured out, but we can work together to make steps in the right direction.
(231) 366-9816 View (231) 366-9816
Photo of Crystal Duncan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Traverse City, MI
Crystal Duncan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49686
Do the overwhelming demands of life have you or your child feeling stressed, anxious or down? You are not alone! We all experience challenges that impact our daily lives. The first step towards making a change is recognizing that help is needed. I know how hard it can be to ask for help. My goal is to provide a safe and supportive environment for you to navigate through life’s challenges while building positive coping skills. These skills will contribute to a greater sense of well-being. Together we will work on overcoming demanding thoughts and feelings and find a healthy balance through self-discovery.
Do the overwhelming demands of life have you or your child feeling stressed, anxious or down? You are not alone! We all experience challenges that impact our daily lives. The first step towards making a change is recognizing that help is needed. I know how hard it can be to ask for help. My goal is to provide a safe and supportive environment for you to navigate through life’s challenges while building positive coping skills. These skills will contribute to a greater sense of well-being. Together we will work on overcoming demanding thoughts and feelings and find a healthy balance through self-discovery.
(231) 525-4760 View (231) 525-4760
Photo of David A Prince, Counselor in Traverse City, MI
David A Prince
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49684
If you're looking for guidance through a challenging situation, you have a concern that has been on your mind and you would like to speak with a counselor or you're just ready to move in a new direction in your life, I can help you through this process.
If you're looking for guidance through a challenging situation, you have a concern that has been on your mind and you would like to speak with a counselor or you're just ready to move in a new direction in your life, I can help you through this process.
(231) 714-6505 View (231) 714-6505
Photo of Dr. Maureen M. Hallett, Psychologist in Traverse City, MI
Dr. Maureen M. Hallett
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49684
Have you ever felt trapped by intrusive thoughts, worry, or fears that don’t go away? You might be afraid to share these thoughts or concerns with others, even those closest to you. Or maybe you're embarrassed because you easily misplace things, often arrive late to important meetings, have difficulty paying attention when others are talking, or constantly feel disorganized no matter how hard you try. It might not seem possible to have a life without your thoughts or feelings taking over. I'm here to tell you that relief is possible and you don’t need to suffer anymore!
Have you ever felt trapped by intrusive thoughts, worry, or fears that don’t go away? You might be afraid to share these thoughts or concerns with others, even those closest to you. Or maybe you're embarrassed because you easily misplace things, often arrive late to important meetings, have difficulty paying attention when others are talking, or constantly feel disorganized no matter how hard you try. It might not seem possible to have a life without your thoughts or feelings taking over. I'm here to tell you that relief is possible and you don’t need to suffer anymore!
(231) 525-4325 View (231) 525-4325
Photo of Tanya B LaMont, Counselor in Traverse City, MI
Tanya B LaMont
Counselor, MA, LLPC
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49684
Counseling is a relationship in which I support clients to find stability, joy and meaning in the midst of life's challenges. I am passionate about working with children and their caregivers. Common struggles I work on with clients include coping skills, behavioral issues, behavioral regulation and communication skills. All children are welcome including those who have autism/neurodivergent, trauma, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, emotional dysregulation, and other challenges. I provide an understanding space in which to collaborate with caregivers to support their children.
Counseling is a relationship in which I support clients to find stability, joy and meaning in the midst of life's challenges. I am passionate about working with children and their caregivers. Common struggles I work on with clients include coping skills, behavioral issues, behavioral regulation and communication skills. All children are welcome including those who have autism/neurodivergent, trauma, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, emotional dysregulation, and other challenges. I provide an understanding space in which to collaborate with caregivers to support their children.
(231) 202-4629 View (231) 202-4629

See more therapy options for Traverse City

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Traverse City, MI

200+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Traverse City, MI who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
77% Trauma and PTSD
77% Self Esteem
76% Stress
75% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

92% BlueCross and BlueShield
58% Priority Health
57% Blue Care Network

How Therapists in Traverse City, MI see their clients

71% In Person and Online
29% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
13% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Traverse City?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.