Therapists in Vernon, AZ

Photo of Eugene Gonzales, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LIAC
Eugene Gonzales
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LIAC
Online Only
I continue with excitement in contributing to the wellness of positive outcomes for patients, their families, to improve quality of life in their/our community. My knowledge and experience gained in the behavioral health field since 1992; is worthy. I am honest, open minded, and willing to commit quality services with “Best Practices” modalities for positive and effective treatment recovery outcomes. My dedication of quality, ethical work, professionalism and understanding to contribute a culture of caring and helping patients and their families to lead better lives. I work well with new challenges, highly energetic, excellence.
I continue with excitement in contributing to the wellness of positive outcomes for patients, their families, to improve quality of life in their/our community. My knowledge and experience gained in the behavioral health field since 1992; is worthy. I am honest, open minded, and willing to commit quality services with “Best Practices” modalities for positive and effective treatment recovery outcomes. My dedication of quality, ethical work, professionalism and understanding to contribute a culture of caring and helping patients and their families to lead better lives. I work well with new challenges, highly energetic, excellence.
(928) 248-1758 View (928) 248-1758

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Carly Moss, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Carly Moss
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
4 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you having trouble with difficult people or situations in your life? Are you spending a lot of energy trying to move on from past experiences? If so, the stress from each of these situation makes it challenging to engage in the life you want to live. Whether it is from my clients or my own personal recovery, I truly believe there can be progress made and goals achieved through empathetic, client centered therapy.
Are you having trouble with difficult people or situations in your life? Are you spending a lot of energy trying to move on from past experiences? If so, the stress from each of these situation makes it challenging to engage in the life you want to live. Whether it is from my clients or my own personal recovery, I truly believe there can be progress made and goals achieved through empathetic, client centered therapy.
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Photo of Sarah Simpson - Sarah Simpson: Therapy for Couples and Individuals, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Sarah Simpson: Therapy for Couples and Individuals
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Show Low, AZ 85901
Have you ever found yourself wondering, “Why do I keep ending up here?” Maybe you’re the one everyone depends on. You hold everything together at work and at home, yet you’re exhausted from carrying so much. You know how to care for everyone else, but receiving care feels unfamiliar. Maybe your relationship feels stuck. The same arguments happen over and over. One of you reaches for connection while the other pulls away, and neither of you understands why you keep ending up in the same painful cycle. Or maybe you’re beginning to see your life through a different lens.
Have you ever found yourself wondering, “Why do I keep ending up here?” Maybe you’re the one everyone depends on. You hold everything together at work and at home, yet you’re exhausted from carrying so much. You know how to care for everyone else, but receiving care feels unfamiliar. Maybe your relationship feels stuck. The same arguments happen over and over. One of you reaches for connection while the other pulls away, and neither of you understands why you keep ending up in the same painful cycle. Or maybe you’re beginning to see your life through a different lens.
(928) 628-5866 View (928) 628-5866
Photo of Peter Hopkins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BS, BSM, MDiv, MA, MSW, LCSW
Peter Hopkins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BS, BSM, MDiv, MA, MSW, LCSW
Online Only
I provide compassionate counseling and soulful psychotherapy. In addition to the United States, I have lived in several countries of C. Asia and S.E. Asia. I earned degrees in Psychology, Divinity, Intercultural Studies, Sport Management Wellness and Fitness, and Social Work. I am an endorsed Chaplain as well as a licensed mental health provider. I provide several models of counseling and spiritual care. I also work part-time as an Associate Professor. Please go to my website to schedule appointments: See “my website” on this page.
I provide compassionate counseling and soulful psychotherapy. In addition to the United States, I have lived in several countries of C. Asia and S.E. Asia. I earned degrees in Psychology, Divinity, Intercultural Studies, Sport Management Wellness and Fitness, and Social Work. I am an endorsed Chaplain as well as a licensed mental health provider. I provide several models of counseling and spiritual care. I also work part-time as an Associate Professor. Please go to my website to schedule appointments: See “my website” on this page.
(928) 395-6538 View (928) 395-6538
Photo of Cindi Kutsop, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LIAC, GCCC, MSAC
Cindi Kutsop
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LIAC, GCCC, MSAC
1 Endorsed
Show Low, AZ 85901
As a recovery specialist I work with clients to overcome emotional, social, trauma and mental health issues while working with individuals, couples, and families helping them cope with various life challenges. I specialize in counseling individual clients and their families through substance abuse and recovery issues. As a master's level Christian counselor, I integrate spirituality and relationships into my practice because I believe that addiction is a spiritual, relational and systemic disease. Being a recovering alcoholic and the mother of 7 grown children, I bring a unique understanding that comes through many life experiences.
As a recovery specialist I work with clients to overcome emotional, social, trauma and mental health issues while working with individuals, couples, and families helping them cope with various life challenges. I specialize in counseling individual clients and their families through substance abuse and recovery issues. As a master's level Christian counselor, I integrate spirituality and relationships into my practice because I believe that addiction is a spiritual, relational and systemic disease. Being a recovering alcoholic and the mother of 7 grown children, I bring a unique understanding that comes through many life experiences.
(928) 981-2076 View (928) 981-2076
Jose I Garcia
Counselor, PhD, MEd
Pinetop, AZ 85935
Dr. Jose I. Garcia, M.Ed./Ph.D. in Counseling Behavioral Psychology assists clients in compassionate mental/emotional behavioral care for individuals, couples, and families. Dr. Garcia has extensive experience and competence helping people to regain quality of life and balance from traumatic events, addictions and adversity. Jose's focuses on stabilization, self-regulation skills and reintegration into wellness. As a member in good standing with the American Counseling Association, Dr. Garcia adheres to the code of ethics of his profession. Jose is certified in Family Counseling, Mediation, Trauma Therapy, Mindfulness among others.
Dr. Jose I. Garcia, M.Ed./Ph.D. in Counseling Behavioral Psychology assists clients in compassionate mental/emotional behavioral care for individuals, couples, and families. Dr. Garcia has extensive experience and competence helping people to regain quality of life and balance from traumatic events, addictions and adversity. Jose's focuses on stabilization, self-regulation skills and reintegration into wellness. As a member in good standing with the American Counseling Association, Dr. Garcia adheres to the code of ethics of his profession. Jose is certified in Family Counseling, Mediation, Trauma Therapy, Mindfulness among others.
(928) 550-6729 View (928) 550-6729
Photo of Dr. Broderick Sawyer, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. Broderick Sawyer
Psychologist, PhD
12 Endorsed
Online Only
You may be living with trauma, anxiety, attachment wounds, narcissistic abuse, depression, identity confusion, or chronic relationship pain—and wondering why the same patterns keep repeating. Together, we’ll work beneath the surface to heal old wounds, build self-trust, and create a life shaped less by survival and more by your values, voice, and agency. As a clinical psychologist with diverse training and a longtime Buddhist practice, I help clients understand how childhood environments, shame, and attachment patterns can become survival-based identities. I work with adults, teens, and couples seeking lasting change.
You may be living with trauma, anxiety, attachment wounds, narcissistic abuse, depression, identity confusion, or chronic relationship pain—and wondering why the same patterns keep repeating. Together, we’ll work beneath the surface to heal old wounds, build self-trust, and create a life shaped less by survival and more by your values, voice, and agency. As a clinical psychologist with diverse training and a longtime Buddhist practice, I help clients understand how childhood environments, shame, and attachment patterns can become survival-based identities. I work with adults, teens, and couples seeking lasting change.
(312) 471-9061 View (312) 471-9061
Photo of Dr. Christina Kelley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, MBA, LCSW
Dr. Christina Kelley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, MBA, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Pinetop, AZ 85935
Mental health has been impacted greatly since the beginning of the 2020 pandemic. Increased rates of substance abuse and mental instability require specialized support that varies per person - no one size fits all and there is never a quick mend. My practice meets you and your family where you're at, and creatively working together toward long-term solutions in achieving a healthy quality of life.
Mental health has been impacted greatly since the beginning of the 2020 pandemic. Increased rates of substance abuse and mental instability require specialized support that varies per person - no one size fits all and there is never a quick mend. My practice meets you and your family where you're at, and creatively working together toward long-term solutions in achieving a healthy quality of life.
(480) 637-2671 View (480) 637-2671
Photo of Jessica McCallum, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, BC-TMH
Jessica McCallum
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, BC-TMH
Online Only
Are you a new mom or hoping to become one? Pregnant, feeling nervous, or sad? Or, perhaps you recently had a baby and are feeling overwhelmed? We are expected to be happy during this time, but many women are enduring stress: hormonal changes, balancing a job, sleep deprivation, and isolation. Maybe you have more than one child which is a huge adjustment in itself.
Are you a new mom or hoping to become one? Pregnant, feeling nervous, or sad? Or, perhaps you recently had a baby and are feeling overwhelmed? We are expected to be happy during this time, but many women are enduring stress: hormonal changes, balancing a job, sleep deprivation, and isolation. Maybe you have more than one child which is a huge adjustment in itself.
(480) 631-6818 View (480) 631-6818
Photo of William Gonzalez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
William Gonzalez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Show Low, AZ 85901
I believe that life is an ongoing process of successes and learning that takes us onto our next goals and ventures. I specialize in helping people experiencing imbalance or interpersonal conflicts. I will work with you through various life issues including: parenting, crisis, death and dying and relationships. My therapy utilizes an introspective approach that includes Bio/Psychological/Social and Spiritual aspects of your life. We will work together to embrace the here and now experiences, moving toward building behavioral change and empowerment. I intend to get to the main theme of the problem, and begin building solutions.
I believe that life is an ongoing process of successes and learning that takes us onto our next goals and ventures. I specialize in helping people experiencing imbalance or interpersonal conflicts. I will work with you through various life issues including: parenting, crisis, death and dying and relationships. My therapy utilizes an introspective approach that includes Bio/Psychological/Social and Spiritual aspects of your life. We will work together to embrace the here and now experiences, moving toward building behavioral change and empowerment. I intend to get to the main theme of the problem, and begin building solutions.
Photo of Sarah Clark, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Sarah Clark
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Hi there, I'm Sarah! I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist since 2007. I enjoy working collaboratively to get the best treatment outcomes for individuals, children, couples, and families. I like to work collaboratively with my clients, and often lean on emotionally focused, solution-focused, and client-centered approaches.
Hi there, I'm Sarah! I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist since 2007. I enjoy working collaboratively to get the best treatment outcomes for individuals, children, couples, and families. I like to work collaboratively with my clients, and often lean on emotionally focused, solution-focused, and client-centered approaches.
(928) 260-5917 View (928) 260-5917
Photo of Dorothy Ann Kerin, Counselor, MS, LAC, NCC
Dorothy Ann Kerin
Counselor, MS, LAC, NCC
Online Only
Hi, I’m Dorothy Kerin MS LAC therapist dedicated to helping children, teens, and adults build resilience, develop emotional awareness, and navigate life’s challenges with greater balance and self-compassion. I specialize in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and mindfulness-based approaches to support clients dealing with anxiety, emotional regulation, depression, stress, and relationship struggles. Whether I’m working with a child learning how to manage big feelings or an adult coping with life transitions, my goal is always to create a supportive, nonjudgmental space where healing and growth can happen.
Hi, I’m Dorothy Kerin MS LAC therapist dedicated to helping children, teens, and adults build resilience, develop emotional awareness, and navigate life’s challenges with greater balance and self-compassion. I specialize in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and mindfulness-based approaches to support clients dealing with anxiety, emotional regulation, depression, stress, and relationship struggles. Whether I’m working with a child learning how to manage big feelings or an adult coping with life transitions, my goal is always to create a supportive, nonjudgmental space where healing and growth can happen.
(928) 437-1821 View (928) 437-1821
Photo of Monique Franklin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Monique Franklin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Online Only
Hello, I'm Monique. First and foremost, thank you for taking the time to read my profile and for seeking help as you progress through this time in your life. With 10 years of experience as a therapist, I've had the privilege of working with a diverse range of individuals facing various challenges. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, stress, life transitions, intimate or romantic relationship issues, mental/behavioral health, family relationships, or even suicidal ideation and self-harming behaviors, I'm here to support you. Additionally, I offer SonderMind Video Telehealth for those who prefer or require remote sessions
Hello, I'm Monique. First and foremost, thank you for taking the time to read my profile and for seeking help as you progress through this time in your life. With 10 years of experience as a therapist, I've had the privilege of working with a diverse range of individuals facing various challenges. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, stress, life transitions, intimate or romantic relationship issues, mental/behavioral health, family relationships, or even suicidal ideation and self-harming behaviors, I'm here to support you. Additionally, I offer SonderMind Video Telehealth for those who prefer or require remote sessions
(480) 680-7563 View (480) 680-7563
Photo of Claudia Howard, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, ACCTS
Claudia Howard
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, ACCTS
1 Endorsed
Show Low, AZ 85901
Trauma has a way of staying with you — in your body, your relationships, and the quiet moments when you least expect it. Whether you're navigating the aftermath of something that happened long ago or something still unfolding, you don't have to keep carrying it alone. This is a space built for the full complexity of who you are — your identity, your story, the relationships that have shaped you — honored without judgment. Healing is possible, and it doesn't require you to have the right words or the whole picture. You just have to be willing to show up. The rest, we figure out together.
Trauma has a way of staying with you — in your body, your relationships, and the quiet moments when you least expect it. Whether you're navigating the aftermath of something that happened long ago or something still unfolding, you don't have to keep carrying it alone. This is a space built for the full complexity of who you are — your identity, your story, the relationships that have shaped you — honored without judgment. Healing is possible, and it doesn't require you to have the right words or the whole picture. You just have to be willing to show up. The rest, we figure out together.
(928) 756-8062 View (928) 756-8062
Photo of Gretchen Herndon, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Gretchen Herndon
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Serves Area
Hello! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Arizona. I received my master's degree from Northern Arizona University and have been practicing for 18 years. I help individuals with trauma, depression or anxiety reduce symptoms through the community mental health system.
Hello! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Arizona. I received my master's degree from Northern Arizona University and have been practicing for 18 years. I help individuals with trauma, depression or anxiety reduce symptoms through the community mental health system.
(928) 291-4640 View (928) 291-4640
Photo of Morgan Musick, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Morgan Musick
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
6 Endorsed
Online Only
Hi! I'm Morgan, a queer and neurodivergent therapist providing LGBTQIA+ affirming therapy for adults across Arizona. Whether you're anxious, overwhelmed, burnt out from masking, or tired of trying to fit into spaces that were never made for you, you don't have to do it alone. This is a space for the girls, gays, theys, and anyone looking for a place to show up as themselves. I work with adults navigating trauma, identity exploration, anxiety, relationship challenges, and life's bigger emotions. Together, we'll build self-understanding, strengthen your relationship with yourself, and help you create a life that feels more aligned.
Hi! I'm Morgan, a queer and neurodivergent therapist providing LGBTQIA+ affirming therapy for adults across Arizona. Whether you're anxious, overwhelmed, burnt out from masking, or tired of trying to fit into spaces that were never made for you, you don't have to do it alone. This is a space for the girls, gays, theys, and anyone looking for a place to show up as themselves. I work with adults navigating trauma, identity exploration, anxiety, relationship challenges, and life's bigger emotions. Together, we'll build self-understanding, strengthen your relationship with yourself, and help you create a life that feels more aligned.
(602) 962-7539 View (602) 962-7539
Photo of Collette Jones, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Collette Jones
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Hello, I’m a Licensed Professional Counselor. Life can feel overwhelming, and sometimes, we just need someone to truly listen. I work with kids, teens, and adults who are figuring out who they are, navigating family struggles, or just trying to make sense of life’s challenges. My approach is warm, down-to-earth, and focused on creating a space where you can be yourself without fear of judgment. Together, we’ll explore your thoughts and emotions, build skills to handle stress, and find ways to move forward with confidence. You don’t have to go through this alone—I’m here to help.
Hello, I’m a Licensed Professional Counselor. Life can feel overwhelming, and sometimes, we just need someone to truly listen. I work with kids, teens, and adults who are figuring out who they are, navigating family struggles, or just trying to make sense of life’s challenges. My approach is warm, down-to-earth, and focused on creating a space where you can be yourself without fear of judgment. Together, we’ll explore your thoughts and emotions, build skills to handle stress, and find ways to move forward with confidence. You don’t have to go through this alone—I’m here to help.
(504) 226-7253 View (504) 226-7253
Photo of Courtney Garvin-Lavendar, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Courtney Garvin-Lavendar
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
5 Endorsed
Serves Area
I partner with people who feel stuck—around food, body image, intimacy, or emotions—and are longing for a place where they can feel safe, seen, and understood. I work with individuals ages 10 and up who carry a lot inside and may feel overwhelmed, disconnected, or hard on themselves. Whether navigating eating disorders, perinatal or postpartum changes, relationship stress, or general mental health concerns, I consider it a privilege to walk alongside clients as they find relief, rebuild trust with themselves, and deepen connection with those they love.
I partner with people who feel stuck—around food, body image, intimacy, or emotions—and are longing for a place where they can feel safe, seen, and understood. I work with individuals ages 10 and up who carry a lot inside and may feel overwhelmed, disconnected, or hard on themselves. Whether navigating eating disorders, perinatal or postpartum changes, relationship stress, or general mental health concerns, I consider it a privilege to walk alongside clients as they find relief, rebuild trust with themselves, and deepen connection with those they love.
(928) 766-0848 View (928) 766-0848
Photo of Haley Edris - Arizona Marriage and Family Therapy Clinic, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Arizona Marriage and Family Therapy Clinic
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Serves Area
I strive to help individuals families and couples to build connection and increase their understanding of one another. I seek to provide a comfortable and nonjudgmental place for people to come together and work through life’s challenges. This process includes creating goals and working collaboratively with my clients to meet the needs of each individual involved in the therapy process. I supervise a team of clinicians working towards their license which in turn supports my own work by remaining up to date on current evidence-based practices and providing most ethical care possible.
I strive to help individuals families and couples to build connection and increase their understanding of one another. I seek to provide a comfortable and nonjudgmental place for people to come together and work through life’s challenges. This process includes creating goals and working collaboratively with my clients to meet the needs of each individual involved in the therapy process. I supervise a team of clinicians working towards their license which in turn supports my own work by remaining up to date on current evidence-based practices and providing most ethical care possible.
(480) 360-5476 View (480) 360-5476
Photo of Stephanie Schurkens, Counselor, MA, LAC
Stephanie Schurkens
Counselor, MA, LAC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
When you or your child is struggling with anxiety or OCD, it can feel overwhelming and disrupt daily life. As a specialist in treating anxiety disorders and OCD, I provide a supportive environment with practical tools to manage symptoms and break unhelpful patterns. I am a SPACE-trained provider and have experience treating children, teens, and adults struggling with worry, avoidance, panic, intrusive thoughts and compulsions. SPACE (Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions) is one of my favorite approaches for childhood anxiety—it’s short-term, parent-focused, and empowers caregivers to lead the change.
When you or your child is struggling with anxiety or OCD, it can feel overwhelming and disrupt daily life. As a specialist in treating anxiety disorders and OCD, I provide a supportive environment with practical tools to manage symptoms and break unhelpful patterns. I am a SPACE-trained provider and have experience treating children, teens, and adults struggling with worry, avoidance, panic, intrusive thoughts and compulsions. SPACE (Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions) is one of my favorite approaches for childhood anxiety—it’s short-term, parent-focused, and empowers caregivers to lead the change.
(928) 224-8318 View (928) 224-8318

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Vernon, AZ

< 10

Therapists in Vernon, AZ who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% ADHD
100% Depression
100% Addiction
100% Anxiety
100% Grief
100% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

34 Years

Gender breakdown

100% Male

How Therapists in Vernon, AZ see their clients

100% Online Only
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Vernon?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.