Therapists in Santa Cruz County, AZ

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Photo of Sandra jo Fletcher, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Sandra jo Fletcher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Elgin, AZ 85611
My practice encompasses Equine Assisted Psychotherapy (EAP) and many other forms of traditional therapy. EAP is a powerful and effective therapeutic approach that has consistently demonstrated incredible benefits to individuals. youth, families and groups. Having practiced for over 17 years, I continue to enjoy sharing the passion and success of my work with others. Using my training and personal experiences with horses enables me to help clients move beyond fear and limitations to a life of freedom, inner peace and healing. I practice at my ranch in Elgin, Arizona located in the foothills of the Hauchuca mountain range.
My practice encompasses Equine Assisted Psychotherapy (EAP) and many other forms of traditional therapy. EAP is a powerful and effective therapeutic approach that has consistently demonstrated incredible benefits to individuals. youth, families and groups. Having practiced for over 17 years, I continue to enjoy sharing the passion and success of my work with others. Using my training and personal experiences with horses enables me to help clients move beyond fear and limitations to a life of freedom, inner peace and healing. I practice at my ranch in Elgin, Arizona located in the foothills of the Hauchuca mountain range.
(844) 919-0326 View (844) 919-0326
Photo of Heidi K Bruder, LCSW, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Heidi K Bruder
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Sonoita, AZ 85637
Hi, I'm Heidi. Thanks for stopping by! If you are here, you are likely seeking out a therapist that would be the right fit for you. If you are looking for someone who is authentic, empathetic, and often funny, then I just might be the one. My approach to therapy is rooted in creating a safe environment and building trust with my clients. With this foundation true healing through psychotherapy can occur. I am humbled to have the honor and privilege to come alongside my clients and support them in their healing journey.
Hi, I'm Heidi. Thanks for stopping by! If you are here, you are likely seeking out a therapist that would be the right fit for you. If you are looking for someone who is authentic, empathetic, and often funny, then I just might be the one. My approach to therapy is rooted in creating a safe environment and building trust with my clients. With this foundation true healing through psychotherapy can occur. I am humbled to have the honor and privilege to come alongside my clients and support them in their healing journey.
(520) 422-7308 View (520) 422-7308
Photo of A L Woolfolk - Headway, PhD, Licensed Professional Counselor
Headway
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nogales, AZ 85621  (Online Only)
As a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with a PhD in the philosophy of psychology, I am passionate about helping individuals navigate life's challenges with a holistic, empathetic approach, I believe that therapy should be a collaborative space where clients feel heard, understood, and empowered to take meaningful steps towards personal growth. By integrating cognitive-behavioral techniques, mindfulness, and a strengths-based focus, I support my clients in developing self-awareness, emotional resilience, and practical tools for long term well-being.
As a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with a PhD in the philosophy of psychology, I am passionate about helping individuals navigate life's challenges with a holistic, empathetic approach, I believe that therapy should be a collaborative space where clients feel heard, understood, and empowered to take meaningful steps towards personal growth. By integrating cognitive-behavioral techniques, mindfulness, and a strengths-based focus, I support my clients in developing self-awareness, emotional resilience, and practical tools for long term well-being.
(520) 412-5631 View (520) 412-5631
Photo of Alaina Vega, MA, LPC, Counselor
Alaina Vega
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rio Rico, AZ 85648  (Online Only)
I am a first-generation Mexican-American, fluent in Spanish and English. I understand that we live in a complex, interconnected world, making it challenging to process our thoughts and experiences while prioritizing our needs and wants. When we seek support from others, it opens up a whole new realm of possibilities, as we are not meant to do it all alone. I aim to provide person-centered, strength-based modalities that foster equilibrium and empowerment.
I am a first-generation Mexican-American, fluent in Spanish and English. I understand that we live in a complex, interconnected world, making it challenging to process our thoughts and experiences while prioritizing our needs and wants. When we seek support from others, it opens up a whole new realm of possibilities, as we are not meant to do it all alone. I aim to provide person-centered, strength-based modalities that foster equilibrium and empowerment.
(520) 841-5083 View (520) 841-5083
Photo of Charise Monge - Stepping Stones Therapy PLLC- Arizona & Washington, MEd, LAC, LMHC, Counselor
Stepping Stones Therapy PLLC- Arizona & Washington
Counselor, MEd, LAC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Patagonia, AZ 85624  (Online Only)
Do you find yourself struggling with everyday life? Do you feel depressed, discouraged, anxious, or even overwhelmed? These are issues that we all face, but few have the tools needed to overcome and move forward. With the skills and training that I have learned over the years, I have been able to help individuals meet their personal goals while overcoming hindering issues. My primary goal with each client is to establish a strong therapeutic relationship based on their unique cultural and life experiences. I enter the therapeutic journey with curiosity and strive to provide a safe and non-judgmental environment for clients.
Do you find yourself struggling with everyday life? Do you feel depressed, discouraged, anxious, or even overwhelmed? These are issues that we all face, but few have the tools needed to overcome and move forward. With the skills and training that I have learned over the years, I have been able to help individuals meet their personal goals while overcoming hindering issues. My primary goal with each client is to establish a strong therapeutic relationship based on their unique cultural and life experiences. I enter the therapeutic journey with curiosity and strive to provide a safe and non-judgmental environment for clients.
(520) 422-8745 View (520) 422-8745
Photo of Patricia Abigail Caballero - Abbey @ La Consejera LLC., MA, LPC, NCC, Counselor
Abbey @ La Consejera LLC.
Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rio Rico, AZ 85648  (Online Only)
Are you worried, stuck, or unsure of your path? You're not alone. Coming from a collective culture, I understand how family and cultural expectations can cloud your own needs. I am committed to promoting mental health and acceptance for marginalized individuals. In our sessions, you'll find a warm, welcoming space to be heard and valued. I create an environment for you to express your thoughts without judgment. Together, we'll explore your unique experiences to uncover your voice and empower you to embrace your authentic self. After our time together, I hope you’ll feel renewed clarity and purpose. Let’s get through this together.
Are you worried, stuck, or unsure of your path? You're not alone. Coming from a collective culture, I understand how family and cultural expectations can cloud your own needs. I am committed to promoting mental health and acceptance for marginalized individuals. In our sessions, you'll find a warm, welcoming space to be heard and valued. I create an environment for you to express your thoughts without judgment. Together, we'll explore your unique experiences to uncover your voice and empower you to embrace your authentic self. After our time together, I hope you’ll feel renewed clarity and purpose. Let’s get through this together.
(520) 223-9003 View (520) 223-9003
Photo of Susana Perez-Abreu, MSc, LPC, NCC, CTP, Licensed Professional Counselor
Susana Perez-Abreu
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSc, LPC, NCC, CTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nogales, AZ 85621  (Online Only)
My passion is helping those who feel crushed by life and the systems that operate it, find their voice and seize their power back. My main focus is to help you put the puzzle back together, understanding what led you to this moment, how it impacted you, and how we can honor yourself in the now while learning how to rewrite the narrative of your life. I practice from a trauma informed perspective, which means I often seek to validate the adversity and challenges that you have faced and have influence the way you are currently surviving. I believe we all suffer but I also believe we can all find joy if we look hard enough.
My passion is helping those who feel crushed by life and the systems that operate it, find their voice and seize their power back. My main focus is to help you put the puzzle back together, understanding what led you to this moment, how it impacted you, and how we can honor yourself in the now while learning how to rewrite the narrative of your life. I practice from a trauma informed perspective, which means I often seek to validate the adversity and challenges that you have faced and have influence the way you are currently surviving. I believe we all suffer but I also believe we can all find joy if we look hard enough.
(520) 779-4268 View (520) 779-4268
Photo of Joel Isaac Lopez, MA, PhD-ABD, LAC, Counselor
Joel Isaac Lopez
Counselor, MA, PhD-ABD, LAC
Verified Verified
Nogales, AZ 85621  (Online Only)
As a dedicated and passionate licensed therapist, I am committed to helping you overcome your life challenges and achieve overall well-being. With over 25 years of experience, I bring a comprehensive and empathetic approach to my work, and strive to create a safe and supportive environment for you. I believe in the power of therapy and counseling to promote healing and personal growth, and am dedicated to helping you navigate through life's challenges and develop the skills you need to thrive. I'm committed to providing you with high-quality, personalized care & aim to help make positive changes in your life.
As a dedicated and passionate licensed therapist, I am committed to helping you overcome your life challenges and achieve overall well-being. With over 25 years of experience, I bring a comprehensive and empathetic approach to my work, and strive to create a safe and supportive environment for you. I believe in the power of therapy and counseling to promote healing and personal growth, and am dedicated to helping you navigate through life's challenges and develop the skills you need to thrive. I'm committed to providing you with high-quality, personalized care & aim to help make positive changes in your life.
(520) 346-0157 View (520) 346-0157
Photo of Dr. Patricia R Bruce, DBH, LCSW, LISAC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Dr. Patricia R Bruce
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DBH, LCSW, LISAC
Verified Verified
Nogales, AZ 85621  (Online Only)
Absolutely, many individuals today are indeed facing challenges like depression and anxiety. Self-reflection can be a powerful tool in this journey toward recovery. By taking the time to understand our thoughts and feelings, we can reframe negative perspectives and focus on the positive aspects of our lives, even in difficult situations. The idea that "two heads think better than one" also highlights the importance of seeking support, whether from therapists, friends, or family. Engaging in conversations about our experiences can lead to new insights and coping strategies. I'd like to discuss this further.
Absolutely, many individuals today are indeed facing challenges like depression and anxiety. Self-reflection can be a powerful tool in this journey toward recovery. By taking the time to understand our thoughts and feelings, we can reframe negative perspectives and focus on the positive aspects of our lives, even in difficult situations. The idea that "two heads think better than one" also highlights the importance of seeking support, whether from therapists, friends, or family. Engaging in conversations about our experiences can lead to new insights and coping strategies. I'd like to discuss this further.
(520) 438-6978 View (520) 438-6978
Photo of Evelyn Tovar - Perspectives Therapy, L, C, S, W, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Perspectives Therapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, L, C, S, W
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nogales, AZ 85621
I am a Latina with a master’s degree from Arizona State University, licensed through the BBHE in Arizona. I am the owner/ founder of Perspectives Therapy located in Tucson. I started in this field 23 years ago & my areas of expertise are vast. I treat patients of all ages & empower the latino community by providing a safe place to heal emotionally & talk openly. I treat men, women of all ages and adolescent girls who are having difficulties with confidence, self-esteem, trauma, relationships, emotional control & communication issues. I am also certified through state of Arizona to provide Domestic Violence offender treatment.
I am a Latina with a master’s degree from Arizona State University, licensed through the BBHE in Arizona. I am the owner/ founder of Perspectives Therapy located in Tucson. I started in this field 23 years ago & my areas of expertise are vast. I treat patients of all ages & empower the latino community by providing a safe place to heal emotionally & talk openly. I treat men, women of all ages and adolescent girls who are having difficulties with confidence, self-esteem, trauma, relationships, emotional control & communication issues. I am also certified through state of Arizona to provide Domestic Violence offender treatment.
(520) 523-8091 View (520) 523-8091
Photo of Esperanza Torres
Esperanza Torres
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nogales, AZ 85621
Serving individuals and families across various age groups, my goal is to empower clients to overcome challenges and lead fulfilling lives.
Serving individuals and families across various age groups, my goal is to empower clients to overcome challenges and lead fulfilling lives.
(520) 525-1681 View (520) 525-1681
Photo of Octavio Blanco, MEd, Pre-Licensed Professional
Octavio Blanco
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nogales, AZ 85621
My ideal client is a parent/s, child/teen or a child/teen with special needs and disabilities struggling with mental health issues or behavioral concerns. They may be facing anxiety, depression, ADHD, or autism, seeking guidance to navigate these challenges. Their needs include a safe space to explore emotions and practical tools to overcome obstacles. With the goal of feeling happier, more fulfilled, and in control of their lives, they aim for improved overall well-being and success in personal and academic spheres.
My ideal client is a parent/s, child/teen or a child/teen with special needs and disabilities struggling with mental health issues or behavioral concerns. They may be facing anxiety, depression, ADHD, or autism, seeking guidance to navigate these challenges. Their needs include a safe space to explore emotions and practical tools to overcome obstacles. With the goal of feeling happier, more fulfilled, and in control of their lives, they aim for improved overall well-being and success in personal and academic spheres.
(520) 492-1414 View (520) 492-1414
Photo of Carol Signore, MAT, MS, MFT
Carol Signore
MAT, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
Nogales, AZ 85621
I'm dedicated to helping people maximize their potential and reach important goals. I prefer moving forward instead of examining the past. Many years of experience with individuals, couples, and families has encouraged me to be optimistic about people and life. Clients describe their coaching experiences with me as rewarding practical, and fun. It would be a genuine pleasure to know you and share your journey whatever your goal. I am an Academy For Eating Disorders Fellow with 20 plus years experience as a Marriage & Family Therapist & a K-12 school Guidance counselor formerly licensed in Pennsylvania.
I'm dedicated to helping people maximize their potential and reach important goals. I prefer moving forward instead of examining the past. Many years of experience with individuals, couples, and families has encouraged me to be optimistic about people and life. Clients describe their coaching experiences with me as rewarding practical, and fun. It would be a genuine pleasure to know you and share your journey whatever your goal. I am an Academy For Eating Disorders Fellow with 20 plus years experience as a Marriage & Family Therapist & a K-12 school Guidance counselor formerly licensed in Pennsylvania.
(520) 525-1156 View (520) 525-1156
Photo of Nick Oñate, LMSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Nick Oñate
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nogales, AZ 85621
Stress and the pressures of life can be difficult, especially in a disconnected world. Are you struggling with loneliness, low self-esteem, or anxiety? Many times these issues lead to addictions, ADHD, insomnia/poor sleep, and relationship conflicts. Are you feeling stuck in life or in a situation that continues to repeat itself? Together we can address the issues most important to you on your journey towards a healthier, more fulfilling life.
Stress and the pressures of life can be difficult, especially in a disconnected world. Are you struggling with loneliness, low self-esteem, or anxiety? Many times these issues lead to addictions, ADHD, insomnia/poor sleep, and relationship conflicts. Are you feeling stuck in life or in a situation that continues to repeat itself? Together we can address the issues most important to you on your journey towards a healthier, more fulfilling life.
(520) 597-5263 View (520) 597-5263
Photo of Joseph Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Joseph Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Rio Rico, AZ 85648  (Online Only)
I am licensed in Georgia and Arizona with 15 years of professional work experience. I have experience of helping clients with stress and anxiety, depression, relationship/marital/Identity issues, motivation, self-esteem, and confidence. I believe that you are the expert of your story and that you have many strengths that will assist you in overcoming things that challenge you.
I am licensed in Georgia and Arizona with 15 years of professional work experience. I have experience of helping clients with stress and anxiety, depression, relationship/marital/Identity issues, motivation, self-esteem, and confidence. I believe that you are the expert of your story and that you have many strengths that will assist you in overcoming things that challenge you.
(480) 480-7573 View (480) 480-7573
Photo of Jayden Gubbels, Pre-Licensed Professional
Jayden Gubbels
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nogales, AZ 85621  (Online Only)
Jayden is currently completing her internship for her degree through Chadron State College, and is serving clients residing in Arizona. Jayden was employed as a high school English Teacher for five years, and quickly recognized the need for more mental health resources which led to her pursuing a career in mental health. Drawing from her experience as a case manager, Jayden adeptly connects clients with essential community resources. Jayden enjoys using a person-centered approach to help clients reconnect with happiness and explore therapy goals.
Jayden is currently completing her internship for her degree through Chadron State College, and is serving clients residing in Arizona. Jayden was employed as a high school English Teacher for five years, and quickly recognized the need for more mental health resources which led to her pursuing a career in mental health. Drawing from her experience as a case manager, Jayden adeptly connects clients with essential community resources. Jayden enjoys using a person-centered approach to help clients reconnect with happiness and explore therapy goals.
(520) 214-1039 View (520) 214-1039
Photo of Jody Tatro, Licensed Professional Counselor
Jody Tatro
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Rio Rico, AZ 85648  (Online Only)
Jody is a master's level licensed professional counselor (LPC) specializing in trauma, social justice counseling, addiction, EMDR, and CBT. She enjoys integrating therapeutic modalities to meet specific client needs with a holistic and compassionate approach to healing. Her experience working as a psychometrist and therapist focused on neuropsychological development contributes to the psychoeducation and learning that she uses to educate her clients.
Jody is a master's level licensed professional counselor (LPC) specializing in trauma, social justice counseling, addiction, EMDR, and CBT. She enjoys integrating therapeutic modalities to meet specific client needs with a holistic and compassionate approach to healing. Her experience working as a psychometrist and therapist focused on neuropsychological development contributes to the psychoeducation and learning that she uses to educate her clients.
(928) 754-7649 View (928) 754-7649
Photo of Patty Garcia, MA, LPC, Counselor
Patty Garcia
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Nogales, AZ 85621  (Online Only)
Therapy is a transformative journey that starts with finding the right fit. Building a strong, trusting relationship lays the groundwork for meaningful change. Whether facing anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, or pursuing personal growth, therapy offers the support needed to create a fulfilling life and drive positive change.
Therapy is a transformative journey that starts with finding the right fit. Building a strong, trusting relationship lays the groundwork for meaningful change. Whether facing anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, or pursuing personal growth, therapy offers the support needed to create a fulfilling life and drive positive change.
(520) 844-2789 View (520) 844-2789
Photo of Adriana G Cardona - Camelback Counseling - Adriana Cardona , LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Camelback Counseling - Adriana Cardona
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Nogales, AZ 85621  (Online Only)
Have you ever looked around the room and thought, “I do not belong here”, “I am not good enough”, or “I do not know how to get through this”? Perhaps these thoughts come up in your work, relationships, parenting, or everyday life situations. Maybe growing up in an immigrant family or being an immigrant yourself, you were pushed to be better, do better, or do more while feeling the weight of your family, culture and society. Sometimes those expectations could even feel conflicting. Despite life lessons and resiliency that shaped your life, you may feel like something is still missing or some of those thoughts continue bothering you.
Have you ever looked around the room and thought, “I do not belong here”, “I am not good enough”, or “I do not know how to get through this”? Perhaps these thoughts come up in your work, relationships, parenting, or everyday life situations. Maybe growing up in an immigrant family or being an immigrant yourself, you were pushed to be better, do better, or do more while feeling the weight of your family, culture and society. Sometimes those expectations could even feel conflicting. Despite life lessons and resiliency that shaped your life, you may feel like something is still missing or some of those thoughts continue bothering you.
(602) 910-2740 View (602) 910-2740

Online Therapists

Photo of Stephanie Hurst, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Stephanie Hurst
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85712
I am a well-rounded therapist that takes a person-centered approach. I have worked with all ages (4-75 years old), but believe that I work best with young adults to middle age. I enjoy helping individuals learn what it means to take care of themselves and build resiliency to fight through life's struggles. I aspire to help people reach their full potential and live happier, more fulfilled lives.
I am a well-rounded therapist that takes a person-centered approach. I have worked with all ages (4-75 years old), but believe that I work best with young adults to middle age. I enjoy helping individuals learn what it means to take care of themselves and build resiliency to fight through life's struggles. I aspire to help people reach their full potential and live happier, more fulfilled lives.
(520) 337-1719 View (520) 337-1719

See more therapy options for Santa Cruz County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Santa Cruz County, AZ

10+

Average cost per session

$119

Therapists in Santa Cruz County, AZ who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
89% Depression
74% Coping Skills
74% Stress
74% Life Transitions
68% Life Coaching
68% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

55% Aetna
45% BlueCross and BlueShield
45% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Santa Cruz County, AZ see their clients

63% Online Only
37% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

82% Female
18% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Santa Cruz County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.