Therapists in Pima County, AZ

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Photo of Benjamin Ayantola, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pima County, AZ
Benjamin Ayantola
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Oro Valley, AZ 85755
Day by day life teaches us something new about ourselves and how we adjust to the obstacles that emerge in front of us. Overall wellness is often a process, one in which we may have the desire to pursue but lack the skillset to achieve. I strive to come along side of you in your pursuit to invest in yourself and mental wellbeing. Engaging in counseling services is an excellent way to deepen your self-awareness, and explore what you truly are capable of accomplishing in your life.
Day by day life teaches us something new about ourselves and how we adjust to the obstacles that emerge in front of us. Overall wellness is often a process, one in which we may have the desire to pursue but lack the skillset to achieve. I strive to come along side of you in your pursuit to invest in yourself and mental wellbeing. Engaging in counseling services is an excellent way to deepen your self-awareness, and explore what you truly are capable of accomplishing in your life.
(520) 447-2446 View (520) 447-2446
Photo of Jiovann Carrasco, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pima County, AZ
Jiovann Carrasco
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Oro Valley, AZ 85737  (Online Only)
Are you ready for a change? Have you been banging your head against a wall trying to figure out what went wrong? Do you keep getting in your own way? Do you wonder why you can't seem to shake off years of shame, self-doubt, and fear? Maybe it's time for a different approach. Maybe YOU are not the problem. It's time to drop the struggle to "fix" yourself and reconnect with the you that is already whole and complete. How would your life be different if you were good enough? Who do you want to be?
Are you ready for a change? Have you been banging your head against a wall trying to figure out what went wrong? Do you keep getting in your own way? Do you wonder why you can't seem to shake off years of shame, self-doubt, and fear? Maybe it's time for a different approach. Maybe YOU are not the problem. It's time to drop the struggle to "fix" yourself and reconnect with the you that is already whole and complete. How would your life be different if you were good enough? Who do you want to be?
(520) 214-2410 View (520) 214-2410
Photo of Cindy Johnson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pima County, AZ
Cindy Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85716
Not accepting new clients
Thank you for your interest. With over 20 years experience in the field of psychotherapy, I have many skills and tools to empower you to find your path to healing. You deserve to be understood and helped; this is where true healing and restoration of balance begins. It is my honor to have helped guide people to their chosen goals, remaining true to themselves or maybe finding their authentic selves along the way. I ask that you bring your full self, and I'll bring my objective ear and what I have learned are effective tools to create meaningful and lasting changes.
Thank you for your interest. With over 20 years experience in the field of psychotherapy, I have many skills and tools to empower you to find your path to healing. You deserve to be understood and helped; this is where true healing and restoration of balance begins. It is my honor to have helped guide people to their chosen goals, remaining true to themselves or maybe finding their authentic selves along the way. I ask that you bring your full self, and I'll bring my objective ear and what I have learned are effective tools to create meaningful and lasting changes.
(520) 827-6058 View (520) 827-6058
Photo of Marlo R. Mendez, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pima County, AZ
Marlo R. Mendez
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85716
Not accepting new clients
I believe in our shared goodness and capacity for personal growth and change through self-discovery. This is the reason I have dedicated my professional life to the practice of therapy with children and families. I have worked with children, adolescents, adults, and their families, to resolve conflicts and reach desired therapeutic goals for 17 years. I have specialized training helping others faced with a multitude of challenges to include suicidal behaviors and with issues related to anger, defiance, and conduct. Additional training areas include anxiety, depression, and ADHD.
I believe in our shared goodness and capacity for personal growth and change through self-discovery. This is the reason I have dedicated my professional life to the practice of therapy with children and families. I have worked with children, adolescents, adults, and their families, to resolve conflicts and reach desired therapeutic goals for 17 years. I have specialized training helping others faced with a multitude of challenges to include suicidal behaviors and with issues related to anger, defiance, and conduct. Additional training areas include anxiety, depression, and ADHD.
(520) 314-7876 View (520) 314-7876
Photo of Anne Cona, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pima County, AZ
Anne Cona
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85750  (Online Only)
ACCEPTING NEW TELE-HEALTH CLIENTS. I specialize in working with people struggling with Depression, Anxiety, Suicidal Thoughts, LGBTQ+ concerns, Trauma, Addition, Academic and Life Transitions, Relationship issues, Grief & Loss, Parenting, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Low Self-esteem. If your daily functioning is being impacted and you are struggling, participating in therapy can help you learn healthy ways of coping. As a mindfulness psychotherapist, I am passionate about helping people by creating a warm and non-judgmental environment and supporting them to live more fulfilled lives.
ACCEPTING NEW TELE-HEALTH CLIENTS. I specialize in working with people struggling with Depression, Anxiety, Suicidal Thoughts, LGBTQ+ concerns, Trauma, Addition, Academic and Life Transitions, Relationship issues, Grief & Loss, Parenting, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Low Self-esteem. If your daily functioning is being impacted and you are struggling, participating in therapy can help you learn healthy ways of coping. As a mindfulness psychotherapist, I am passionate about helping people by creating a warm and non-judgmental environment and supporting them to live more fulfilled lives.
(520) 402-4971 View (520) 402-4971
Photo of Lilliana Magali Hoy-Nielsen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pima County, AZ
Lilliana Magali Hoy-Nielsen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Oro Valley, AZ 85737
Magali Hoy-Nielsen has been working with clients who have extensive trauma experiences, sexual, physical abuse, domestic violence, and parent/child attachment disorder. Magali focuses on the specific trauma that has impacted the client's life and guides that client in finding clarity, self healing, and a path towards self control. Magali has been working in the area of trauma and attachment for 19 years, helping mend broken and damaged parent/child relationships, which is the core of healthy connections in the future.
Magali Hoy-Nielsen has been working with clients who have extensive trauma experiences, sexual, physical abuse, domestic violence, and parent/child attachment disorder. Magali focuses on the specific trauma that has impacted the client's life and guides that client in finding clarity, self healing, and a path towards self control. Magali has been working in the area of trauma and attachment for 19 years, helping mend broken and damaged parent/child relationships, which is the core of healthy connections in the future.
(520) 224-1924 View (520) 224-1924
Photo of Jen Zimmerman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pima County, AZ
Jen Zimmerman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85716  (Online Only)
Using a straight forward, respectful, non-blaming approach to counseling, my specialities include OCD, recovery from narcissistic abuse, life transitions, sexuality, grief/loss, co-dependency, self esteem, body image, gender expression, anxiety, depression, and family of origin issues. I will often utilize journaling, narrative therapies, EMDR, grounding and somatic techniques, mindfulness, archetypes, meditation, art, and Internal Family Systems into our sessions.
Using a straight forward, respectful, non-blaming approach to counseling, my specialities include OCD, recovery from narcissistic abuse, life transitions, sexuality, grief/loss, co-dependency, self esteem, body image, gender expression, anxiety, depression, and family of origin issues. I will often utilize journaling, narrative therapies, EMDR, grounding and somatic techniques, mindfulness, archetypes, meditation, art, and Internal Family Systems into our sessions.
(520) 464-4670 View (520) 464-4670
Photo of Daniel S Orozco, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pima County, AZ
Daniel S Orozco
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, DAAETS, CT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85742
Not accepting new clients
I am passionate about bringing healing, hope, and wholeness in the wake of the most difficult situations life throws at us. Many of my clients come to therapy seeking to decrease anxiety or depression, heal from significant losses and hurts, solve difficult problems, or just feel better about themselves. The most common feedback I receive from my clients is they always come away having learned something new about themselves or something practical to use in their lives. Since 2011, I have endeavored to create a comfortable and non-judgmental atmosphere that allows my clients to feel understood and accepted.
I am passionate about bringing healing, hope, and wholeness in the wake of the most difficult situations life throws at us. Many of my clients come to therapy seeking to decrease anxiety or depression, heal from significant losses and hurts, solve difficult problems, or just feel better about themselves. The most common feedback I receive from my clients is they always come away having learned something new about themselves or something practical to use in their lives. Since 2011, I have endeavored to create a comfortable and non-judgmental atmosphere that allows my clients to feel understood and accepted.
(520) 224-3626 x2 View (520) 224-3626 x2
Photo of Stephanie Neidermyer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pima County, AZ
Stephanie Neidermyer
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85704
Welcome and thank you for looking at my profile. I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist and have been working in the field for over 20 years. I work primarily with adults in individual, couples and family therapy. I am also a Certified Sex Therapist and work with individuals and couples struggling with sexual dysfunction. Clients have found my systemic training and orientation to be particularly effective for couples and family therapy or when working on relationship and family of origin issues in individual therapy.
Welcome and thank you for looking at my profile. I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist and have been working in the field for over 20 years. I work primarily with adults in individual, couples and family therapy. I am also a Certified Sex Therapist and work with individuals and couples struggling with sexual dysfunction. Clients have found my systemic training and orientation to be particularly effective for couples and family therapy or when working on relationship and family of origin issues in individual therapy.
(520) 827-8204 View (520) 827-8204
Photo of Jennifer Truman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pima County, AZ
Jennifer Truman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LSCSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85710
Do you find your self feeling unmotivated, stuck or depressed in your experiences? Do you desire to change but don't know how? We all have these moments. It would be an honor to provide you the tools to release, revive and love life again.
Do you find your self feeling unmotivated, stuck or depressed in your experiences? Do you desire to change but don't know how? We all have these moments. It would be an honor to provide you the tools to release, revive and love life again.
(620) 254-9778 View (620) 254-9778
Photo of April Newman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pima County, AZ
April Newman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85719
In the 20+ years I've worked in the helping profession, I've been honored to walk with many individuals on their personal paths of self discovery. Bearing witness to their journeys has inspired me on my own path, both professionally and personally. I have found my interest concentrated on Human Sexuality. My intention is to provide an open and safe environment for individuals to explore concerns and questions related to aspects of their sexuality and gender expression. By exploring how this impacts one's personal experience, close relationships and lives, insight can be gained and self esteem improved. Areas of focus include:
In the 20+ years I've worked in the helping profession, I've been honored to walk with many individuals on their personal paths of self discovery. Bearing witness to their journeys has inspired me on my own path, both professionally and personally. I have found my interest concentrated on Human Sexuality. My intention is to provide an open and safe environment for individuals to explore concerns and questions related to aspects of their sexuality and gender expression. By exploring how this impacts one's personal experience, close relationships and lives, insight can be gained and self esteem improved. Areas of focus include:
(520) 265-5491 View (520) 265-5491
Photo of Nancy Eldredge, Psychologist in Pima County, AZ
Nancy Eldredge
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85754
I believe in the amazing resiliency of the human psyche and spirit - The body and mind have an incredible power to heal and we have the capacity to change our lives and create the future we want. I believe you are the expert on you and with steady support you can overcome obstacles, find your purpose, create, change and become your authentic and genuine self. I use a combination of therapeutic approaches to help you make the changes you want, and as you explore your present, identify connections to the past and reflect on the future you want.
I believe in the amazing resiliency of the human psyche and spirit - The body and mind have an incredible power to heal and we have the capacity to change our lives and create the future we want. I believe you are the expert on you and with steady support you can overcome obstacles, find your purpose, create, change and become your authentic and genuine self. I use a combination of therapeutic approaches to help you make the changes you want, and as you explore your present, identify connections to the past and reflect on the future you want.
(520) 254-0450 View (520) 254-0450
Photo of Serenity's Journey, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pima County, AZ
Serenity's Journey
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85704
Are you experiencing stress, depression, anxiety, panic, worry, fear or ruminating thoughts? Sometimes balancing life, school, work, family commitments, relationships, even our own expectations just push us to a point where we feel out of control or overwhelmed. Do you have a desire or need to make lasting changes for yourself, to improve your relationships and make positive changes?
Are you experiencing stress, depression, anxiety, panic, worry, fear or ruminating thoughts? Sometimes balancing life, school, work, family commitments, relationships, even our own expectations just push us to a point where we feel out of control or overwhelmed. Do you have a desire or need to make lasting changes for yourself, to improve your relationships and make positive changes?
(520) 213-9398 View (520) 213-9398
Photo of Tucson Neuropsycholgy Institute, Psychologist in Pima County, AZ
Tucson Neuropsycholgy Institute
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85718
Tucson Neuropsychology Institute (TNI) offers comprehensive evaluations for both children and adults. Our psychologists have experience with a range of neurological, neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, and chronic health issues. We provide evaluations to assess ADHD, autism, TBI, memory loss, and learning disorders. With over 50 years of combined experience serving the greater Tucson area, TNI’s mission is to provide the highest quality care to our patients, to actively contribute to the advancement of the field of neuropsychology, and to improve the lives of those in our community.
Tucson Neuropsychology Institute (TNI) offers comprehensive evaluations for both children and adults. Our psychologists have experience with a range of neurological, neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, and chronic health issues. We provide evaluations to assess ADHD, autism, TBI, memory loss, and learning disorders. With over 50 years of combined experience serving the greater Tucson area, TNI’s mission is to provide the highest quality care to our patients, to actively contribute to the advancement of the field of neuropsychology, and to improve the lives of those in our community.
(520) 492-0957 View (520) 492-0957
Photo of Shannon Carmona, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pima County, AZ
Shannon Carmona
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85749  (Online Only)
I believe one of the bravest things you can do is begin to understand your own story. I want to help you achieve whatever solutions and life changes you are looking for and enjoy the process along the way. It does not have to be all bad. There are reasons why you think a certain way, do not have control over emotions or repeat mistakes. Let us get to the bottom of those reasons.
I believe one of the bravest things you can do is begin to understand your own story. I want to help you achieve whatever solutions and life changes you are looking for and enjoy the process along the way. It does not have to be all bad. There are reasons why you think a certain way, do not have control over emotions or repeat mistakes. Let us get to the bottom of those reasons.
(520) 636-8748 View (520) 636-8748
Photo of Patricia Guido, Marriage & Family Therapist in Pima County, AZ
Patricia Guido
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85710
Relationship struggles are exhausting. Is your relationship struggling with communication, boundaries, trust, infidelity or another problem that is making it hard to have a fulfilling relationship? Is it a family matter that has become a complicated mess? Do you find yourself stuck in a cycle you can't seem to get out of? Have you tried to change but just seem to find your situation spiraling? I am here to help. My name is Patricia Guido and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Arizona. Together, we can work to get past these roadblocks and toward you having a stronger, deeper connection with your partner.
Relationship struggles are exhausting. Is your relationship struggling with communication, boundaries, trust, infidelity or another problem that is making it hard to have a fulfilling relationship? Is it a family matter that has become a complicated mess? Do you find yourself stuck in a cycle you can't seem to get out of? Have you tried to change but just seem to find your situation spiraling? I am here to help. My name is Patricia Guido and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Arizona. Together, we can work to get past these roadblocks and toward you having a stronger, deeper connection with your partner.
(520) 492-1881 View (520) 492-1881
Photo of Gabriela Huber, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pima County, AZ
Gabriela Huber
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, MBA
Verified Verified
Tucson, AZ 85750
Do you struggle with anxiety? You're not alone. Anxiety affects approximately 19% of the population, yet finding lasting relief can be elusive. That's where I come in. I specialize in treating anxiety disorders and related conditions such as OCD, panic, and phobias, employing proven modalities like ERP, CBT, and i-CBT. Whether you're an adult, child, or part of a family, I provide therapy in both English and Spanish.
Do you struggle with anxiety? You're not alone. Anxiety affects approximately 19% of the population, yet finding lasting relief can be elusive. That's where I come in. I specialize in treating anxiety disorders and related conditions such as OCD, panic, and phobias, employing proven modalities like ERP, CBT, and i-CBT. Whether you're an adult, child, or part of a family, I provide therapy in both English and Spanish.
(520) 335-9632 View (520) 335-9632
Photo of Edythe Vuke Ryan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pima County, AZ
Edythe Vuke Ryan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CSAT, CMAT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85719
The best way to reach me is by email. I enjoy working with individuals who are motivated for personal growth and/or are wanting to work towards freedom from an issue that is causing undue suffering. Patients who are excited to learn about and understand themselves better will be able to heal themselves and their relationships.
The best way to reach me is by email. I enjoy working with individuals who are motivated for personal growth and/or are wanting to work towards freedom from an issue that is causing undue suffering. Patients who are excited to learn about and understand themselves better will be able to heal themselves and their relationships.
(520) 447-3741 View (520) 447-3741
Photo of David Hervey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pima County, AZ
David Hervey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85704
Having worked in the mental health field for 9+ years and presently as a Senior Social Worker at a government agency, I have helped patients with a diverse array of both severe and chronic problems to include depression, anxiety, addiction, insomnia, suicidal ideation, self-directed violence, chronic pain, marital conflict, parenting difficulties, and diverse traumas to include sexual and military traumas. My ideal client is one who is willing to have a guided conversation, is receptive to feedback, and who completes between-session work. Most of my clients have a goal to decrease depression and anxiety and improve mood.
Having worked in the mental health field for 9+ years and presently as a Senior Social Worker at a government agency, I have helped patients with a diverse array of both severe and chronic problems to include depression, anxiety, addiction, insomnia, suicidal ideation, self-directed violence, chronic pain, marital conflict, parenting difficulties, and diverse traumas to include sexual and military traumas. My ideal client is one who is willing to have a guided conversation, is receptive to feedback, and who completes between-session work. Most of my clients have a goal to decrease depression and anxiety and improve mood.
(520) 277-8677 View (520) 277-8677
Photo of Stephanie Miller, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pima County, AZ
Stephanie Miller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Tucson, AZ 85704
Hi, I am Stephanie, in my nearly 15 years of social work, I have worked with children, teens, young adults, and older individuals. I offer support to individuals going through life changes and challenges - whether it's starting at a new school, exploring a new career path, becoming a parent, adjusting to retirement, or any other curveball that life may throw. It can be helpful to tackle those life challenges when our inner voice is supportive and kind. My aim is to help clients speak to themselves with kindness and compassion, as well as to expand flexible thinking and use coping skills. I am a friendly, and good humored therapist.
Hi, I am Stephanie, in my nearly 15 years of social work, I have worked with children, teens, young adults, and older individuals. I offer support to individuals going through life changes and challenges - whether it's starting at a new school, exploring a new career path, becoming a parent, adjusting to retirement, or any other curveball that life may throw. It can be helpful to tackle those life challenges when our inner voice is supportive and kind. My aim is to help clients speak to themselves with kindness and compassion, as well as to expand flexible thinking and use coping skills. I am a friendly, and good humored therapist.
(520) 438-6143 View (520) 438-6143

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pima County, AZ

900+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Pima County, AZ who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Self Esteem
79% Relationship Issues
76% Trauma and PTSD
70% Coping Skills
68% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Aetna
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
66% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Pima County, AZ see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
17% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pima County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.