Therapists in Navajo County, AZ

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Photo of Linda M. Cantley, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LIAC, MAC, MEd
Linda M. Cantley
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LIAC, MAC, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I have have accumulated over 15 years of experience working with individuals, couples, and families, focusing on their mental, physical, and emotional well-being to facilitate the healing and recovery journey. With a diverse background in addressing issues such as SUD, PTSD, Conflict Resolution, Bipolar Disorder, BPD, GAD, MDD, Crisis, Trauma, and Grief/Loss, I am dedicated to supporting you in achieving a sound meaningful and fulfilling life.
I have have accumulated over 15 years of experience working with individuals, couples, and families, focusing on their mental, physical, and emotional well-being to facilitate the healing and recovery journey. With a diverse background in addressing issues such as SUD, PTSD, Conflict Resolution, Bipolar Disorder, BPD, GAD, MDD, Crisis, Trauma, and Grief/Loss, I am dedicated to supporting you in achieving a sound meaningful and fulfilling life.
(480) 660-4122 View (480) 660-4122
Photo of Barbara Pease, Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Barbara Pease
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Online Only
My name is Barbara Pease, LCSW. I have been a practicing therapist for 26 years. I won’t be telling you anything that I haven’t had to learn for myself. I have worked with persons from different cultures and walks of life. I have been through counseling myself and know how Difficult it is to open up to a stranger about my thoughts and past experiences. I am non-judgmental and I am open to suggestions for my own improvement. I recognize that everyone’s life situation is unique and I keep that in mind as I work with new clients. Living an emotionally well life does not mean you will not experience stress, daily hassles, depression
My name is Barbara Pease, LCSW. I have been a practicing therapist for 26 years. I won’t be telling you anything that I haven’t had to learn for myself. I have worked with persons from different cultures and walks of life. I have been through counseling myself and know how Difficult it is to open up to a stranger about my thoughts and past experiences. I am non-judgmental and I am open to suggestions for my own improvement. I recognize that everyone’s life situation is unique and I keep that in mind as I work with new clients. Living an emotionally well life does not mean you will not experience stress, daily hassles, depression
(520) 619-2464 View (520) 619-2464
Photo of Gretchen Elizabeth Herndon, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Gretchen Elizabeth Herndon
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Arizona. I received my master's degree from Northern Arizona University and have been practicing for 18 years.
Hello! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Arizona. I received my master's degree from Northern Arizona University and have been practicing for 18 years.
(928) 427-7072 View (928) 427-7072
Jose I Garcia
Counselor, PhD, MEd
Verified Verified
Pinetop, AZ 85935
Dr. Jose I. Garcia, M.Ed./Ph.D. in Counseling Behavioral Psychology assists clients in compassionate mental/emotional behavioral care for individuals, couples, and families. Dr. Garcia has extensive experience and competence helping people to regain quality of life and balance from traumatic events, addictions and adversity. Jose's focuses on stabilization, self-regulation skills and reintegration into wellness. As a member in good standing with the American Counseling Association, Dr. Garcia adheres to the code of ethics of his profession. Jose is certified in Family Counseling, Mediation, Trauma Therapy, Mindfulness among others.
Dr. Jose I. Garcia, M.Ed./Ph.D. in Counseling Behavioral Psychology assists clients in compassionate mental/emotional behavioral care for individuals, couples, and families. Dr. Garcia has extensive experience and competence helping people to regain quality of life and balance from traumatic events, addictions and adversity. Jose's focuses on stabilization, self-regulation skills and reintegration into wellness. As a member in good standing with the American Counseling Association, Dr. Garcia adheres to the code of ethics of his profession. Jose is certified in Family Counseling, Mediation, Trauma Therapy, Mindfulness among others.
(928) 550-6729 View (928) 550-6729
Photo of Pete Hopkins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BS, BSM, MDiv, MA, MSW, LCSW
Pete Hopkins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BS, BSM, MDiv, MA, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
I provide various models of compassionate counseling and soulful psychotherapy. In addition to the United States, I have lived in several countries of C. Asia and S.E. Asia. I earned degrees in Psychology, Divinity, Intercultural Studies, Sport Management Wellness and Fitness, and Social Work. I am an endorsed Chaplain as well as a licensed mental health provider. I provide Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy, Pastoral Care and Counseling, Guided Imagery, Relationship Counseling, etc, taking advantage of skills from several other models/ modes. Please go to my website (below) to schedule appointments.
I provide various models of compassionate counseling and soulful psychotherapy. In addition to the United States, I have lived in several countries of C. Asia and S.E. Asia. I earned degrees in Psychology, Divinity, Intercultural Studies, Sport Management Wellness and Fitness, and Social Work. I am an endorsed Chaplain as well as a licensed mental health provider. I provide Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy, Pastoral Care and Counseling, Guided Imagery, Relationship Counseling, etc, taking advantage of skills from several other models/ modes. Please go to my website (below) to schedule appointments.
(928) 395-6538 View (928) 395-6538
Photo of Joshua Reish, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Joshua Reish
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am committed to helping clients to work through life's challenges and offer an empathetic, collaborative relationship to my clients. I completed my bachelor of science in microbiology from California State University, Long Beach and later my master of arts in marriage and family therapy from Hope International University. I have worked with a variety of populations, including community mental health outpatient for adults, children, and families, residential drug and alcohol rehabilitation for adults, and field-based mental health for children and teenagers with trauma.
I am committed to helping clients to work through life's challenges and offer an empathetic, collaborative relationship to my clients. I completed my bachelor of science in microbiology from California State University, Long Beach and later my master of arts in marriage and family therapy from Hope International University. I have worked with a variety of populations, including community mental health outpatient for adults, children, and families, residential drug and alcohol rehabilitation for adults, and field-based mental health for children and teenagers with trauma.
(928) 492-7154 View (928) 492-7154
Photo of Daniel Christiano, Psychologist, PhD
Daniel Christiano
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Pinetop, AZ 85935
Dr. Christiano treats both families and has specialization as a child psychologist and educator. He has trained counselors and psychologist for several years. He is an adjunct Associate Professor of Educational Psychology at Northern Arizona University. Although eclectic in his approach, he employs brief therapy and Cognitive-behavioral therapy. He works with all age clients. Dr Christiano’s training includes specific emphasis in developmental counseling, assessment and consultation. Currently, he conducts Custody Evaluations and serves as a Family Court Advisor for the Superior Court of Arizona – Maricopa County
Dr. Christiano treats both families and has specialization as a child psychologist and educator. He has trained counselors and psychologist for several years. He is an adjunct Associate Professor of Educational Psychology at Northern Arizona University. Although eclectic in his approach, he employs brief therapy and Cognitive-behavioral therapy. He works with all age clients. Dr Christiano’s training includes specific emphasis in developmental counseling, assessment and consultation. Currently, he conducts Custody Evaluations and serves as a Family Court Advisor for the Superior Court of Arizona – Maricopa County
(480) 577-6367 View (480) 577-6367
Photo of Frances Duggan - Frances Duggan LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Frances Duggan LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Polacca, AZ 86042
It is my privilege and my pleasure to assist individuals in addressing and resolving the effects of overwhelming experience in their lives. I provide assistance in regard to a wide range of difficult experiences from more commonplace life challenges to severely traumatic events. My areas of particular strength lie in the areas of PTSD, dissociative disorders, performance anxiety , fears and phobias, grief and loss, death and dying, and in non-pharmacological approaches to stress reduction and pain management.
It is my privilege and my pleasure to assist individuals in addressing and resolving the effects of overwhelming experience in their lives. I provide assistance in regard to a wide range of difficult experiences from more commonplace life challenges to severely traumatic events. My areas of particular strength lie in the areas of PTSD, dissociative disorders, performance anxiety , fears and phobias, grief and loss, death and dying, and in non-pharmacological approaches to stress reduction and pain management.
(646) 596-4087 View (646) 596-4087
Photo of William Gonzalez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
William Gonzalez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Show Low, AZ 85901
I believe that life is an ongoing process of successes and learning that takes us onto our next goals and ventures. I specialize in helping people experiencing imbalance or interpersonal conflicts. I will work with you through various life issues including: parenting, crisis, death and dying and relationships. My therapy utilizes an introspective approach that includes Bio/Psychological/Social and Spiritual aspects of your life. We will work together to embrace the here and now experiences, moving toward building behavioral change and empowerment. I intend to get to the main theme of the problem, and begin building solutions.
I believe that life is an ongoing process of successes and learning that takes us onto our next goals and ventures. I specialize in helping people experiencing imbalance or interpersonal conflicts. I will work with you through various life issues including: parenting, crisis, death and dying and relationships. My therapy utilizes an introspective approach that includes Bio/Psychological/Social and Spiritual aspects of your life. We will work together to embrace the here and now experiences, moving toward building behavioral change and empowerment. I intend to get to the main theme of the problem, and begin building solutions.
(928) 585-6129 View (928) 585-6129
Photo of Patrice Mudie, Licensed Professional Counselor
Patrice Mudie
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello and Welcome. I am so glad you are here. I have been a licensed therapist for over 25 years. As an independent therapist, I am committed to providing a safe and supportive environment where you can explore your inner world and find healing. I integrate evidence-based approaches to address the impact of trauma on your well-being. My unique blend of EMDR therapy and a person-centered approach ensures that you receive personalized care tailored to your specific needs. What Sets Me Apart: 1. EMDR Therapy: I utilize Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR),
Hello and Welcome. I am so glad you are here. I have been a licensed therapist for over 25 years. As an independent therapist, I am committed to providing a safe and supportive environment where you can explore your inner world and find healing. I integrate evidence-based approaches to address the impact of trauma on your well-being. My unique blend of EMDR therapy and a person-centered approach ensures that you receive personalized care tailored to your specific needs. What Sets Me Apart: 1. EMDR Therapy: I utilize Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR),
(520) 335-9313 View (520) 335-9313
Photo of Katie Habgood, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Katie Habgood
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
I have extensive knowledge and experience working with clients struggling with anxiety, depression, and trauma. My approach is strengths-based and solution-focused. I am also interested in the positive impacts of sleep, diet, and exercise on one's mental health.
I have extensive knowledge and experience working with clients struggling with anxiety, depression, and trauma. My approach is strengths-based and solution-focused. I am also interested in the positive impacts of sleep, diet, and exercise on one's mental health.
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Photo of Stephanie Schurkens, Counselor, MA, LAC
Stephanie Schurkens
Counselor, MA, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Show Low, AZ 85901
When you or your child is struggling with anxiety or OCD, it can feel overwhelming and disrupt daily life. As a specialist in treating anxiety disorders and OCD, I provide a supportive environment with practical tools to manage symptoms and break unhelpful patterns. I am a SPACE-trained provider and have experience treating children, teens, and adults struggling with worry, avoidance, panic, intrusive thoughts and compulsions. SPACE (Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions) is one of my favorite approaches for childhood anxiety—it’s short-term, parent-focused, and empowers caregivers to lead the change.
When you or your child is struggling with anxiety or OCD, it can feel overwhelming and disrupt daily life. As a specialist in treating anxiety disorders and OCD, I provide a supportive environment with practical tools to manage symptoms and break unhelpful patterns. I am a SPACE-trained provider and have experience treating children, teens, and adults struggling with worry, avoidance, panic, intrusive thoughts and compulsions. SPACE (Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions) is one of my favorite approaches for childhood anxiety—it’s short-term, parent-focused, and empowers caregivers to lead the change.
(928) 224-8318 View (928) 224-8318
Photo of Cindi Kutsop, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LIAC, GCCC, MSAC
Cindi Kutsop
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LIAC, GCCC, MSAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Show Low, AZ 85901
As a recovery specialist I work with clients to overcome emotional, social, trauma and mental health issues while working with individuals, couples, and families helping them cope with various life challenges. I specialize in counseling individual clients and their families through substance abuse and recovery issues. As a master's level Christian counselor, I integrate spirituality and relationships into my practice because I believe that addiction is a spiritual, relational and systemic disease. Being a recovering alcoholic and the mother of 7 grown children, I bring a unique understanding that comes through many life experiences.
As a recovery specialist I work with clients to overcome emotional, social, trauma and mental health issues while working with individuals, couples, and families helping them cope with various life challenges. I specialize in counseling individual clients and their families through substance abuse and recovery issues. As a master's level Christian counselor, I integrate spirituality and relationships into my practice because I believe that addiction is a spiritual, relational and systemic disease. Being a recovering alcoholic and the mother of 7 grown children, I bring a unique understanding that comes through many life experiences.
(928) 981-2076 View (928) 981-2076
Photo of Bonnie Bleu Yardley, Licensed Professional Counselor, MSc, LPC
Bonnie Bleu Yardley
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSc, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Clay Springs, AZ 85923
Life is full of challenges and sometimes overwhelming. Everything a person experiences creates an image of how one views oneself, others, and the world. Bonnie believes that everyone has the power within oneself to live a productive, meaningful life, full of purpose and peace.
Life is full of challenges and sometimes overwhelming. Everything a person experiences creates an image of how one views oneself, others, and the world. Bonnie believes that everyone has the power within oneself to live a productive, meaningful life, full of purpose and peace.
(480) 470-4193 View (480) 470-4193
Photo of Amanda Pierce, Licensed Professional Counselor
Amanda Pierce
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Online Only
I have spent almost a decade working with various populations in the community from various backgrounds, ages, socio-economic status, gender-variant, culturally diverse clients helping them recognize and reveal their best selves through a variety of evidenced-based practiced tailored to their specific needs. Through my years of experiences not only as a practitioner but as a leader in the community, I have learned various techniques to support people in an empathetic but also challenging way to move forward into their lives to find peace of mind, happiness, a sense of self control, self respect, and safety in their relationships wit
I have spent almost a decade working with various populations in the community from various backgrounds, ages, socio-economic status, gender-variant, culturally diverse clients helping them recognize and reveal their best selves through a variety of evidenced-based practiced tailored to their specific needs. Through my years of experiences not only as a practitioner but as a leader in the community, I have learned various techniques to support people in an empathetic but also challenging way to move forward into their lives to find peace of mind, happiness, a sense of self control, self respect, and safety in their relationships wit
(520) 641-8583 View (520) 641-8583
Photo of Paige Severance, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LAC
Paige Severance
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Are you feeling stuck in a cycle of pain and struggle? Maybe you’re carrying the weight of past trauma that keeps resurfacing in ways you don’t fully understand. Perhaps addiction has become a coping mechanism, leaving you feeling trapped and ashamed. Life can feel overwhelming when your mind and body are in survival mode, but you don’t have to navigate this alone. I’m Paige, specializing in trauma and addiction. My passion is helping individuals like you uncover the root causes of their struggles and discover a path to healing and freedom. Together, we will work to break down the barriers to the life you want.
Are you feeling stuck in a cycle of pain and struggle? Maybe you’re carrying the weight of past trauma that keeps resurfacing in ways you don’t fully understand. Perhaps addiction has become a coping mechanism, leaving you feeling trapped and ashamed. Life can feel overwhelming when your mind and body are in survival mode, but you don’t have to navigate this alone. I’m Paige, specializing in trauma and addiction. My passion is helping individuals like you uncover the root causes of their struggles and discover a path to healing and freedom. Together, we will work to break down the barriers to the life you want.
(520) 552-4222 View (520) 552-4222
Photo of Carol Lynn Winters, Licensed Professional Counselor, BS, MS, LCPC, LPC
Carol Lynn Winters
Licensed Professional Counselor, BS, MS, LCPC, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
I am a short term, wellness oriented and goal focused therapist. A joyful and purpose driven life is what most of us strive for. Sometimes we are temporarily knocked off the track by a catastrophic event or ongoing life situation that appears to be hopeless or unsolvable. These roadblocks, however, can be overcome with will, good support and the right tools necessary to change our attitudes and life circumstances so that life works for us, not against us, once again. For anxiety and depression I incorporate meditation, tapping, vagus nerve stimulation and relaxation exercises into my sessions to help you regain control.
I am a short term, wellness oriented and goal focused therapist. A joyful and purpose driven life is what most of us strive for. Sometimes we are temporarily knocked off the track by a catastrophic event or ongoing life situation that appears to be hopeless or unsolvable. These roadblocks, however, can be overcome with will, good support and the right tools necessary to change our attitudes and life circumstances so that life works for us, not against us, once again. For anxiety and depression I incorporate meditation, tapping, vagus nerve stimulation and relaxation exercises into my sessions to help you regain control.
(928) 597-3291 View (928) 597-3291
Photo of Kelsi McMartin, Marriage & Family Therapist
Kelsi McMartin
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Online Only
I will help you find the answers that you have inside of you. What happens in therapy? We look together at what is holding you back and work to bring the fresh air back into your life. I am an EMDR therapist, which brings an extra layer of healing to trauma, anxiety, depression, and more, when needed. In therapy, I am not telling you what to do. I trust that what you are bringing to each session is where we need to begin. We use effective techniques to help you start feeling better within a few sessions.
I will help you find the answers that you have inside of you. What happens in therapy? We look together at what is holding you back and work to bring the fresh air back into your life. I am an EMDR therapist, which brings an extra layer of healing to trauma, anxiety, depression, and more, when needed. In therapy, I am not telling you what to do. I trust that what you are bringing to each session is where we need to begin. We use effective techniques to help you start feeling better within a few sessions.
(480) 462-2280 View (480) 462-2280
Photo of Marcelene Camou, Counselor, MS LPCC, LPC
Marcelene Camou
Counselor, MS LPCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Show Low, AZ 85901
When you or a family member has an emotional challenge it significantly impacts the family unit. I'm here to support improved self-concept, confidence and personal interactions. Time will be spent identifying personal needs and matching those needs to an effective therapy. I have experience with individuals with Anxiety and Depression, trauma, relationship issues, OCD, ADHD, Social Phobia, and high functioning Autism. Currently, I am available for long-distance therapy through video conferencing for those living in CA
When you or a family member has an emotional challenge it significantly impacts the family unit. I'm here to support improved self-concept, confidence and personal interactions. Time will be spent identifying personal needs and matching those needs to an effective therapy. I have experience with individuals with Anxiety and Depression, trauma, relationship issues, OCD, ADHD, Social Phobia, and high functioning Autism. Currently, I am available for long-distance therapy through video conferencing for those living in CA
(833) 766-4509 View (833) 766-4509
Photo of Dr. Christina Kelley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, MBA, LCSW
Dr. Christina Kelley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, MBA, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Serves Area
Mental health has been impacted greatly since the beginning of the 2020 pandemic. Increased rates of substance abuse and mental instability require specialized support that varies per person - no one size fits all and there is never a quick mend. My practice meets you and your family where you're at, and creatively working together toward long-term solutions in achieving a healthy quality of life.
Mental health has been impacted greatly since the beginning of the 2020 pandemic. Increased rates of substance abuse and mental instability require specialized support that varies per person - no one size fits all and there is never a quick mend. My practice meets you and your family where you're at, and creatively working together toward long-term solutions in achieving a healthy quality of life.
(480) 637-2671 View (480) 637-2671
1

See more therapy options for Navajo County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Navajo County, AZ

30+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Navajo County, AZ who prioritize treating:

85% Anxiety
82% Depression
76% Trauma and PTSD
71% Stress
68% Relationship Issues
59% Coping Skills
56% Self Esteem

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% Aetna
79% BlueCross and BlueShield
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Navajo County, AZ see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
18% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Navajo County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.