Therapists in Navajo County, AZ

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Photo of Carol Lynn Winters, Counselor, BS, MS, LCPC, LPC
Carol Lynn Winters
Counselor, BS, MS, LCPC, LPC
Online Only
I am a short term, wellness oriented and goal focused therapist. A joyful and purpose driven life is what most of us strive for. Sometimes we are temporarily knocked off the track by an unexpected life event or ongoing life situation that appears to be hopeless or unsolvable. These roadblocks, however, can be overcome with will, good support and the right tools necessary to change our attitudes and life circumstances so that life works for us, not against us, once again. For anxiety and depression I incorporate meditation, tapping, vagus nerve stimulation and relaxation exercises into my sessions to help you regain control.
I am a short term, wellness oriented and goal focused therapist. A joyful and purpose driven life is what most of us strive for. Sometimes we are temporarily knocked off the track by an unexpected life event or ongoing life situation that appears to be hopeless or unsolvable. These roadblocks, however, can be overcome with will, good support and the right tools necessary to change our attitudes and life circumstances so that life works for us, not against us, once again. For anxiety and depression I incorporate meditation, tapping, vagus nerve stimulation and relaxation exercises into my sessions to help you regain control.
(928) 597-3291 View (928) 597-3291
Photo of Dr. Deborah E. Quinley-Hayes - Dr. Deb Hayes, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, LIAC, HHP
Dr. Deb Hayes
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, LIAC, HHP
Show Low, AZ 85901
I am a doctoral level psychotherapist with dual licenses in counseling and addictions. I treat a variety of issues and struggles, from work place to complex trauma. I am more practical in my overall approach, but I tend to go deeper with many clients who experience more complex issues, mood and affect disorders, relationship struggles, addictions, health issues, and others as appropriate. My therapy style is gentle yet direct, challenging yet compassionate, and professional yet personable. I strive to promote lasting positive changes and healing that extend beyond typical talk therapy sessions through a variety of approaches.
I am a doctoral level psychotherapist with dual licenses in counseling and addictions. I treat a variety of issues and struggles, from work place to complex trauma. I am more practical in my overall approach, but I tend to go deeper with many clients who experience more complex issues, mood and affect disorders, relationship struggles, addictions, health issues, and others as appropriate. My therapy style is gentle yet direct, challenging yet compassionate, and professional yet personable. I strive to promote lasting positive changes and healing that extend beyond typical talk therapy sessions through a variety of approaches.
(520) 981-4547 View (520) 981-4547
Photo of Gretchen Herndon, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Gretchen Herndon
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Holbrook, AZ 86025
Hello! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Arizona. I received my master's degree from Northern Arizona University and have been practicing for 18 years. I help individuals with trauma, depression or anxiety reduce symptoms through the community mental health system.
Hello! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Arizona. I received my master's degree from Northern Arizona University and have been practicing for 18 years. I help individuals with trauma, depression or anxiety reduce symptoms through the community mental health system.
(928) 291-4640 View (928) 291-4640
Photo of Stephanie Schurkens, Counselor, MA, LAC
Stephanie Schurkens
Counselor, MA, LAC
1 Endorsed
Show Low, AZ 85901
Waitlist for new clients
When you or your child is struggling with anxiety or OCD, it can feel overwhelming and disrupt daily life. As a specialist in treating anxiety disorders and OCD, I provide a supportive environment with practical tools to manage symptoms and break unhelpful patterns. I am a SPACE-trained provider and have experience treating children, teens, and adults struggling with worry, avoidance, panic, intrusive thoughts and compulsions. SPACE (Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions) is one of my favorite approaches for childhood anxiety—it’s short-term, parent-focused, and empowers caregivers to lead the change.
When you or your child is struggling with anxiety or OCD, it can feel overwhelming and disrupt daily life. As a specialist in treating anxiety disorders and OCD, I provide a supportive environment with practical tools to manage symptoms and break unhelpful patterns. I am a SPACE-trained provider and have experience treating children, teens, and adults struggling with worry, avoidance, panic, intrusive thoughts and compulsions. SPACE (Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions) is one of my favorite approaches for childhood anxiety—it’s short-term, parent-focused, and empowers caregivers to lead the change.
(928) 224-8318 View (928) 224-8318
Photo of Lucy (Lucille) Hamblin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Lucy (Lucille) Hamblin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
Recent stressors, traumas and/or life changes can leave you feeling lost and alone, and unsure of how to move forward. Depression, anxiety and/or uncharacteristic irritability and frustration can negatively impact your own self-esteem, as well as your relationships with others. I support your therapeutic growth while working with you to overcome challenges caused by significant events in your life. If neurodivergence causes additional challenges, we'll work toward your therapeutic goals while recognizing many of the unique ways that this may impact both your relationships and your individual healing process.
Recent stressors, traumas and/or life changes can leave you feeling lost and alone, and unsure of how to move forward. Depression, anxiety and/or uncharacteristic irritability and frustration can negatively impact your own self-esteem, as well as your relationships with others. I support your therapeutic growth while working with you to overcome challenges caused by significant events in your life. If neurodivergence causes additional challenges, we'll work toward your therapeutic goals while recognizing many of the unique ways that this may impact both your relationships and your individual healing process.
(928) 378-3081 View (928) 378-3081
Photo of Dr. Christina Kelley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, MBA, LCSW
Dr. Christina Kelley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, MBA, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Pinetop, AZ 85935
Mental health has been impacted greatly since the beginning of the 2020 pandemic. Increased rates of substance abuse and mental instability require specialized support that varies per person - no one size fits all and there is never a quick mend. My practice meets you and your family where you're at, and creatively working together toward long-term solutions in achieving a healthy quality of life.
Mental health has been impacted greatly since the beginning of the 2020 pandemic. Increased rates of substance abuse and mental instability require specialized support that varies per person - no one size fits all and there is never a quick mend. My practice meets you and your family where you're at, and creatively working together toward long-term solutions in achieving a healthy quality of life.
(480) 637-2671 View (480) 637-2671
Photo of Charles Andrew Laurel - Charlie Laurel, LCMHC, Counselor, MS, LCMHC, LPC
Charlie Laurel, LCMHC
Counselor, MS, LCMHC, LPC
Online Only
Being alive in the 21st century is amazing and frequently troubling. Surely unlike anything that our ancestors experienced, in both stresses and opportunities. We can have a conversation about what it is like for you, trying to live up to your deepest held values in the face of real challenges. I start with the assumption that you have what it takes to move more fully into a vibrant, meaningful life, even during times of great uncertainty. Sometimes life presents challenges that seem overwhelming. Seeking help is a sign of strength in such times.
Being alive in the 21st century is amazing and frequently troubling. Surely unlike anything that our ancestors experienced, in both stresses and opportunities. We can have a conversation about what it is like for you, trying to live up to your deepest held values in the face of real challenges. I start with the assumption that you have what it takes to move more fully into a vibrant, meaningful life, even during times of great uncertainty. Sometimes life presents challenges that seem overwhelming. Seeking help is a sign of strength in such times.
(802) 613-0021 View (802) 613-0021
Photo of Claudia Howard, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, ACCTS
Claudia Howard
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, ACCTS
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Trauma has a way of staying with you — in your body, your relationships, and the quiet moments when you least expect it. Whether you're navigating the aftermath of something that happened long ago or something still unfolding, you don't have to keep carrying it alone. This is a space built for the full complexity of who you are — your identity, your story, the relationships that have shaped you — honored without judgment. Healing is possible, and it doesn't require you to have the right words or the whole picture. You just have to be willing to show up. The rest, we figure out together. For Medicare, please call 602-989-8899.
Trauma has a way of staying with you — in your body, your relationships, and the quiet moments when you least expect it. Whether you're navigating the aftermath of something that happened long ago or something still unfolding, you don't have to keep carrying it alone. This is a space built for the full complexity of who you are — your identity, your story, the relationships that have shaped you — honored without judgment. Healing is possible, and it doesn't require you to have the right words or the whole picture. You just have to be willing to show up. The rest, we figure out together. For Medicare, please call 602-989-8899.
(928) 756-8062 View (928) 756-8062
Photo of Kristine Rumzis, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Kristine Rumzis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Show Low, AZ 85901
I believe in the power of a holistic approach to wellness, where emotional well-being is nurtured through integrative practices and authentic connections. As humans, we are innately wired for connection, and our mission is to normalize wellness, foster belonging, and create spaces where true, meaningful relationships can thrive. By embracing the mind, body, and spirit as interconnected elements of well-being, we empower individuals to live authentically, heal emotionally, and experience the support of a compassionate community.
I believe in the power of a holistic approach to wellness, where emotional well-being is nurtured through integrative practices and authentic connections. As humans, we are innately wired for connection, and our mission is to normalize wellness, foster belonging, and create spaces where true, meaningful relationships can thrive. By embracing the mind, body, and spirit as interconnected elements of well-being, we empower individuals to live authentically, heal emotionally, and experience the support of a compassionate community.
(928) 272-3883 View (928) 272-3883
Photo of William Gonzalez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
William Gonzalez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Show Low, AZ 85901
I believe that life is an ongoing process of successes and learning that takes us onto our next goals and ventures. I specialize in helping people experiencing imbalance or interpersonal conflicts. I will work with you through various life issues including: parenting, crisis, death and dying and relationships. My therapy utilizes an introspective approach that includes Bio/Psychological/Social and Spiritual aspects of your life. We will work together to embrace the here and now experiences, moving toward building behavioral change and empowerment. I intend to get to the main theme of the problem, and begin building solutions.
I believe that life is an ongoing process of successes and learning that takes us onto our next goals and ventures. I specialize in helping people experiencing imbalance or interpersonal conflicts. I will work with you through various life issues including: parenting, crisis, death and dying and relationships. My therapy utilizes an introspective approach that includes Bio/Psychological/Social and Spiritual aspects of your life. We will work together to embrace the here and now experiences, moving toward building behavioral change and empowerment. I intend to get to the main theme of the problem, and begin building solutions.
(928) 585-6129 View (928) 585-6129
Photo of Daniel Christiano, Psychologist, PhD
Daniel Christiano
Psychologist, PhD
Pinetop, AZ 85935
Dr. Christiano treats both families and has specialization as a child psychologist and educator. He has trained counselors and psychologist for several years. He is an adjunct Associate Professor of Educational Psychology at Northern Arizona University. Although eclectic in his approach, he employs brief therapy and Cognitive-behavioral therapy. He works with all age clients. Dr Christiano’s training includes specific emphasis in developmental counseling, assessment and consultation. Currently, he conducts Custody Evaluations and serves as a Family Court Advisor for the Superior Court of Arizona – Maricopa County
Dr. Christiano treats both families and has specialization as a child psychologist and educator. He has trained counselors and psychologist for several years. He is an adjunct Associate Professor of Educational Psychology at Northern Arizona University. Although eclectic in his approach, he employs brief therapy and Cognitive-behavioral therapy. He works with all age clients. Dr Christiano’s training includes specific emphasis in developmental counseling, assessment and consultation. Currently, he conducts Custody Evaluations and serves as a Family Court Advisor for the Superior Court of Arizona – Maricopa County
(480) 577-6367 View (480) 577-6367
Photo of Cindi Kutsop, Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LIAC, GCCC, MSAC
Cindi Kutsop
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LIAC, GCCC, MSAC
1 Endorsed
Show Low, AZ 85901
As a recovery specialist I work with clients to overcome emotional, social, trauma and mental health issues while working with individuals, couples, and families helping them cope with various life challenges. I specialize in counseling individual clients and their families through substance abuse and recovery issues. As a master's level Christian counselor, I integrate spirituality and relationships into my practice because I believe that addiction is a spiritual, relational and systemic disease. Being a recovering alcoholic and the mother of 7 grown children, I bring a unique understanding that comes through many life experiences.
As a recovery specialist I work with clients to overcome emotional, social, trauma and mental health issues while working with individuals, couples, and families helping them cope with various life challenges. I specialize in counseling individual clients and their families through substance abuse and recovery issues. As a master's level Christian counselor, I integrate spirituality and relationships into my practice because I believe that addiction is a spiritual, relational and systemic disease. Being a recovering alcoholic and the mother of 7 grown children, I bring a unique understanding that comes through many life experiences.
(928) 981-2076 View (928) 981-2076
Photo of Reanna Irigoyen, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Reanna Irigoyen
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
I’m a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 17 years of experience in mental health and a background serving in the Army in a medical capacity. I specialize in trauma, OCD, and working with first responders and high-functioning adults navigating anxiety, depression, grief, addiction, and chronic stress. My approach is structured, evidence-based, and collaborative. I value honesty, accountability, and measurable progress, and I create a space where humor and hard conversations can coexist. If you’re looking for straightforward therapy that respects your resilience while helping you move forward, you’re in the right place.
I’m a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 17 years of experience in mental health and a background serving in the Army in a medical capacity. I specialize in trauma, OCD, and working with first responders and high-functioning adults navigating anxiety, depression, grief, addiction, and chronic stress. My approach is structured, evidence-based, and collaborative. I value honesty, accountability, and measurable progress, and I create a space where humor and hard conversations can coexist. If you’re looking for straightforward therapy that respects your resilience while helping you move forward, you’re in the right place.
(928) 393-0894 View (928) 393-0894
Photo of Bonnie Bleu Yardley, Licensed Professional Counselor, MSc, LPC
Bonnie Bleu Yardley
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSc, LPC
1 Endorsed
Clay Springs, AZ 85923
Life is full of challenges and sometimes overwhelming. Everything a person experiences creates an image of how one views oneself, others, and the world. Bonnie believes that everyone has the power within oneself to live a productive, meaningful life, full of purpose and peace.
Life is full of challenges and sometimes overwhelming. Everything a person experiences creates an image of how one views oneself, others, and the world. Bonnie believes that everyone has the power within oneself to live a productive, meaningful life, full of purpose and peace.
(480) 470-4193 View (480) 470-4193
Photo of Carly Dana, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Carly Dana
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Show Low, AZ 85901
With over 17 years of experience in the mental health field, Carly Dana is a Licensed Professional Counselor in both Arizona and Oregon. She holds a Master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Walden University and a Bachelor’s degree in Psychology from Northern Arizona University. Her therapeutic style is interactive, compassionate, and grounded in genuine connection. She prioritizes building strong rapport to create a safe, welcoming space where clients feel empowered to explore their goals and address the obstacles in their path.
With over 17 years of experience in the mental health field, Carly Dana is a Licensed Professional Counselor in both Arizona and Oregon. She holds a Master’s degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Walden University and a Bachelor’s degree in Psychology from Northern Arizona University. Her therapeutic style is interactive, compassionate, and grounded in genuine connection. She prioritizes building strong rapport to create a safe, welcoming space where clients feel empowered to explore their goals and address the obstacles in their path.
(928) 414-7164 View (928) 414-7164
Photo of Sarah Clark, Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Sarah Clark
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Online Only
Hi there, I'm Sarah! I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist since 2007. I enjoy working collaboratively to get the best treatment outcomes for individuals, children, couples, and families. I like to work collaboratively with my clients, and often lean on emotionally focused, solution-focused, and client-centered approaches.
Hi there, I'm Sarah! I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist since 2007. I enjoy working collaboratively to get the best treatment outcomes for individuals, children, couples, and families. I like to work collaboratively with my clients, and often lean on emotionally focused, solution-focused, and client-centered approaches.
(928) 260-5917 View (928) 260-5917
Jose I Garcia
Counselor, PhD, MEd
Pinetop, AZ 85935
Dr. Jose I. Garcia, M.Ed./Ph.D. in Counseling Behavioral Psychology assists clients in compassionate mental/emotional behavioral care for individuals, couples, and families. Dr. Garcia has extensive experience and competence helping people to regain quality of life and balance from traumatic events, addictions and adversity. Jose's focuses on stabilization, self-regulation skills and reintegration into wellness. As a member in good standing with the American Counseling Association, Dr. Garcia adheres to the code of ethics of his profession. Jose is certified in Family Counseling, Mediation, Trauma Therapy, Mindfulness among others.
Dr. Jose I. Garcia, M.Ed./Ph.D. in Counseling Behavioral Psychology assists clients in compassionate mental/emotional behavioral care for individuals, couples, and families. Dr. Garcia has extensive experience and competence helping people to regain quality of life and balance from traumatic events, addictions and adversity. Jose's focuses on stabilization, self-regulation skills and reintegration into wellness. As a member in good standing with the American Counseling Association, Dr. Garcia adheres to the code of ethics of his profession. Jose is certified in Family Counseling, Mediation, Trauma Therapy, Mindfulness among others.
(928) 550-6729 View (928) 550-6729
Photo of Frances Duggan - Frances Duggan LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Frances Duggan LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Polacca, AZ 86042
It is my privilege and my pleasure to assist individuals in addressing and resolving the effects of overwhelming experience in their lives. I provide assistance in regard to a wide range of difficult experiences from more commonplace life challenges to severely traumatic events. My areas of particular strength lie in the areas of PTSD, dissociative disorders, performance anxiety , fears and phobias, grief and loss, death and dying, and in non-pharmacological approaches to stress reduction and pain management.
It is my privilege and my pleasure to assist individuals in addressing and resolving the effects of overwhelming experience in their lives. I provide assistance in regard to a wide range of difficult experiences from more commonplace life challenges to severely traumatic events. My areas of particular strength lie in the areas of PTSD, dissociative disorders, performance anxiety , fears and phobias, grief and loss, death and dying, and in non-pharmacological approaches to stress reduction and pain management.
(646) 596-4087 View (646) 596-4087
Photo of Katie Habgood, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Katie Habgood
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Online Only
My ideal client is anyone who is open to new ideas and strategies, and is willing to put in some work. We will create new paths forward and collaborate with one another to implement changes to better your life.
My ideal client is anyone who is open to new ideas and strategies, and is willing to put in some work. We will create new paths forward and collaborate with one another to implement changes to better your life.
(928) 764-8324 View (928) 764-8324
Photo of Peter Hopkins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BS, BSM, MDiv, MA, MSW, LCSW
Peter Hopkins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BS, BSM, MDiv, MA, MSW, LCSW
Online Only
I provide compassionate counseling and soulful psychotherapy. In addition to the United States, I have lived in several countries of C. Asia and S.E. Asia. I earned degrees in Psychology, Divinity, Intercultural Studies, Sport Management Wellness and Fitness, and Social Work. I am an endorsed Chaplain as well as a licensed mental health provider. I provide several models of counseling and spiritual care. I also work part-time as an Associate Professor. Please go to my website to schedule appointments: See “my website” on this page.
I provide compassionate counseling and soulful psychotherapy. In addition to the United States, I have lived in several countries of C. Asia and S.E. Asia. I earned degrees in Psychology, Divinity, Intercultural Studies, Sport Management Wellness and Fitness, and Social Work. I am an endorsed Chaplain as well as a licensed mental health provider. I provide several models of counseling and spiritual care. I also work part-time as an Associate Professor. Please go to my website to schedule appointments: See “my website” on this page.
(928) 395-6538 View (928) 395-6538

See more therapy options for Navajo County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Navajo County, AZ

40+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Navajo County, AZ who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
75% Stress
73% Trauma and PTSD
68% Relationship Issues
63% Self Esteem
60% Marriage Counseling

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Aetna
75% BlueCross and BlueShield
66% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Navajo County, AZ see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
26% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Navajo County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.